• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2013

글로벌 경제 침체와 국내 경기변동은 기업의 자금 조달에 어려움을 초래하고 기업 운영을 악화시킨다. 특히 불황기에 직면한 기업이 많은 재고를 보유하고 있다면 운영관리 뿐만 아니라 심각한 자금 조달 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 그것은 경쟁적 우위 차원에서 경영 전략을 수립하여야 되는 기업의 사기를 좌절시킬 수 있다. 이렇게 운전자금 부족이나 운전자금 문제를 겪는 기업은 우선 재고투자 감축을 고려하게 되지만 재고투자 감축 정책은 재고 운영비용을 증가시킬 수 있다. 만일 비용 증가 폭이 크다면 재고감축 정책의 타당성이 성립되지 않는다. 본 연구는 재고투자 감축 크기에 비교해서 총비용의 변화가 크지 않음을 제시하고 민감도 분석을 통해 나타내고 있다. 이 결과는 재고 운영 정책에 따라서는 운전자금 부족 문제가 발생하였을 때 재고투자 감축의 정당성을 제안하고 있다. 여기서 전개한 재고모형은 최대한 현실성을 고려하여 개발하였다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2018

본 논문은 연속형 내부재고를 갖는 M/M/1 대기행렬모형을 다룬다. 고객은 포아송과정으로 도착하고 선입선출 서비스를 받는다. 각 고객의 서비스시간은 독립적이며 동일한 지수분포를 따른다. 고객은 서비스를 받기 위해 일반분포를 따르는 확률변수 H의 내부재고를 소비하며, 서비스 완료시점에 감소한다고 가정한다. 재고시스템은 전통적인 (s,S)-정책에 따라 운용되며, 재고의 조달 시간은 일반분포를 따른다고 가정한다. 재고가 없는 기간에 도착한 고객은 유실된다. 본 논문은 이처럼 운영되는 재고-대기행렬모형의 고객수 및 재고량에 대한 안정상태 결합확률분포를 유도하고 수치예를 보인다. 또한 장기적인 비용을 최소화하는 재고운용정책을 고찰한다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.136-148
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• 2015

We analyzed the effect of three different types of inventory systems for saving the total cost using simulation on the system where multiple depots and many retailers disperse on the limited area. Three types of inventory systems are single echelon system with inventory exchange and two-echelon system and the variant two-echelon system. Variant two echelon system is the two-echelon system where the inventory transshipmentsare allowed on every two stage inventory echelons. Inventories kept on every retailer are commonly used for all retailers when certain retailer has stock-out. And when all retailers are stock-out, inventories kept on every depot are commonly used for the retailers whose assigned depots are stock-out. These all three systems are simulated with the constraint of service level on wide range of parameter settings. Simulation results show that cost saving effect appear clear for single echelon system and two-echelon system when shortage cost portion and transportation cost portion becomes large respectively irrespective of depot number. Variant two echelon system seems to be superior to two other systems when transportationcost portion becomes very small. But this superiority is not proved in terms of statistics. So we may conclude that the variant two echelon system may be useless with the higher administrative efforts due to frequent inventory exchange. Also we note that the traditional two echelon system becomes inferior to two other systems in terms of statistics when service level becomes high or when demand variance becomes very large. And inventory integration effect that cost becomes saved when depot number decrease, diminishes when transportation cost or stock-out cost increases irrespective of inventory systems.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyze the buyer's joint pricing and lot-sizing model in a two-stage supply chain consisting of the supplier, the buyer and the customer. It is assumed that the supplier will permit a certain fixed period for settling the amount the buyer owes to him for the items supplied in order to stimulate the demand for the product. Generally, credit transactions would have a positive effect to the buyer. The availability of credit transactions from the supplier effectively reduces the cost of holding stocks for the buyer and therefore, the buyer has a lot of price options to choose his sales price for a customer in anticipation of increased the customer's demand and, as a result, it will appear to increase the buyer's inventory levels. On the other hand, in the case of decaying products in which their utility decay over time, the decaying rate with time may be expected to reduce inventory levels. In this regard, we need to analyze how much the length of credit period and the decaying rate affect the buyer's pricing and lot-sizing policy. For the analysis, we consider the situation where the customer's demand is represented as a linearly decreasing function of the buyer's sales price. From this perspective, we formulate the buyer's annual net profit and analyze the effect of the length of credit period and decaying rate of the product on the buyer's inventory policy numerically.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.151-170
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• 1976

There are many cases of production processes which intermittently produce several different kinds of products for stock through one set of physical facility. In this case, an important question is what size of production run should be prduced once we do set-up for a product in order to minimize the total cost, that is, the sum of the set-up, carrying, and stock-out costs. This problem is used to be called scheduling of multiple products through a single facility in the production management field. Despite the very common occurrence of this type of production process, no one has yet devised a method for determining the optimal production schedule. The purpose of this study is to develop quantitative analytical models which can be used practically and give us rational production schedules. The study is to show improved models with application to a can-manufacturing plant. In this thesis the economic production quantity (EPQ) model was used as a basic model to develop quantitative analytical models for this scheduling problem and two cases, one with stock-out cost, the other without stock-out cost, were taken into consideration. The first analytical model was developed for the scheduling of products through a single facility. In this model we calculate No, the optimal number of production runs per year, minimizing the total annual cost above all. Next we calculate No$_{i}$ is significantly different from No, some manipulation of the schedule can be made by trial and error in order to try to fit the product into the basic (No schedule either more or less frequently as dictated by) No$_{i}$, But this trial and error schedule is thought of inefficient. The second analytical model was developed by reinterpretation by reinterpretation of the calculating process of the economic production quantity model. In this model we obtained two relationships, one of which is the relationship between optimal number of set-ups for the ith item and optimal total number of set-ups, the other is the relationship between optimal average inventory investment for the ith item and optimal total average inventory investment. From these relationships we can determine how much average inventory investment per year would be required if a rational policy based on m No set-ups per year for m products were followed and, alternatively, how many set-ups per year would be required if a rational policy were followed which required an established total average inventory inventory investment. We also learned the relationship between the number of set-ups and the average inventory investment takes the form of a hyperbola. But, there is no reason to say that the first analytical model is superior to the second analytical model. It can be said that the first model is useful for a basic production schedule. On the other hand, the second model is efficient to get an improved production schedule, in a sense of reducing the total cost. Another merit of the second model is that, unlike the first model where we have to know all the inventory costs for each product, we can obtain an improved production schedule with unknown inventory costs. The application of these quantitative analytical models to PoHang can-manufacturing plants shows this point.int.

• 산업공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2000

This paper refers to the flow of products from supplier to discount retailers(DRs). Discount retailers prefer frequent delivery of small amount because of limited storage space, while suppliers prefer less frequent delivery of larger amount in order to save transportation cost. In this paper we propose a heuristic algorithm to determine the amount of order and the frequency of delivery which decreases the expected length of stockout. We also evaluate various order policies for Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI) system using simulation with real data.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.43-65
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• 1998

This paper develops a two-echelon inventory model with time-weighted partial backorders. The presented model assumed to follow continuous review (Q. r) policy for both the retailers and the central warehouse under stochastic demand. A heuristic method to find an optimum-tending solution for total variable system cost per year incurred at the central warehouse and retailers in a system is suggested. To show the usefulness of the above model, numericla examples are illustrated for verification and validation purpose.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2002

This paper addresses the necessity of integration between buyer and suppliers for effective implementation of Just-In-Time purchasing in a multi-item environment. An integrated inventory model of facilitating multiple shipments in small lots is developed. Also, an iterative solution procedure is developed to simultaneously find the order(contract) interval for each item and number of shipments between buyer and suppliers. We show by example that when the integrated policy is adopted by both buyer and suppliers in a cooperative manner, both parties can benefit.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제18권35호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1995

For the purpose of the reduction of tile cost, a production/inventory model including the interference phenomenon was developed. By investigating the cause and the characteristics of the direct/indirect cost due to the interference phenomenon, a strategy for suitable production was developed. The developed model was quantitatively validated using an existing-EPQ model and the SIMAN package was used to simulate and animate the model. Consequently, it was presented that the total operating cost of the system could be decreased with tile proposed model.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2010

This paper considers a firm that operates make-to-stock and make-to-order facilities in successive stages. The make-to-stock facility produces components which are consumed by the external market demand as well as the internal make-to-order operation. The make-to-order facility processes customer orders with the option of acceptance or rejection. In this paper, we address the problem of coordinating how to allocate the capacity of the make-to-stock facility to internal and external demands and how to control incoming customer orders at the make-to-order facility so as to maximize the firm's profit subject to the system costs. To deal with this issue, we formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and characterize the structure of the optimal inventory allocation and customer order control. In a numerical experiment, we compare the performance of the optimal policy to the heuristic with static inventory allocation and admission control under different operating conditions of the system.