• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.591-600
• /
• 1993

Considerable controversy exists about the trend of animal traction effects on crop production in dryland farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This problem arises on account of the failure of the few available empirical studies to recognise the important of technological experience of the individual adopting farmers. This study hence addresses this issue by examining the effects of experience in animal traction technology (ATT) on farm size, cropping emphasis, total crop output and farm productivity. It is based on farm management survey data on 42 small holder farm households fro Ghana. Thirty of these households used animal traction technology (ATT) fro crop cultivation and the rest, mainly hand-hoe. The animal traction sub-sample is classified into three groups according to farmers' years of experience with the technology , thus , those with 1-2, 3-10, and more than 10. Evidence from the study shows that the progression of years of experience with ATT leads to inten ification of labour and land use systems, enhancement of degree of motivation to enter into the market economy, increases in total crop output and farm productivity resulting for decreases in cultivated acreages. The implication of the findings is that institutioal and technical support that do accompany the introduction of such technologies should be structured to last for a relatively longer period to accomodate the learning process.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.65-79
• /
• 2011

Concrete hydraulic structures such as: Dams, Intake Towers, Piers and dock are usually recognized as" Vital and Special Structures" that must have sufficient safety margin at critical conditions like when earthquake occurred as same as normal servicing time. Hence, to evaluate hydrodynamic pressures generated due to seismic forces and Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI); introduction to fluid-structure domains and interaction between them are inevitable. For this purpose, first step is exact modeling of water-structure and their interaction conditions. In this paper, the basic equation involved the water-structure-foundation interaction and the effective factors are explained briefly for concrete hydraulic structure types. The finite element modeling of two concrete gravity dams with 5 m, 150 m height, reservoir water and foundation bed rock is idealized and then the effects of fluid domain and bed rock have been investigated on modal characteristic of dams. The analytical results obtained from numerical studies and modal analysis show that the accurate modeling of dam-reservoir-foundation and their interaction considerably affects the modal periods, mode shapes and modal hydrodynamic pressure distribution. The results show that the foundation bed rock modeling increases modal periods about 80%, where reservoir modeling changes modal shapes and increases the period of all modes up to 30%. Reservoir-dam-foundation interaction increases modal period from 30% to 100% for different cases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.66 no.6
• /
• pp.749-759
• /
• 2018

Aiming at widely used high-pier bridges in Sichuan-Tibet Railway, this paper presents an investigation to design and evaluate the seismic vibration reduction effects of several measures, including viscous damper (VD), friction pendulum bearing (FPB), and tuned mass damper (TMD). Primarily, according to the detailed introduction of the concerned bridge structure, dynamic models of high-pier bridges with different seismic vibration reduction (SVR) measures are established. Further, the designs for these SVR measures are performed, and the optimal parameters of these measures are investigated. On this basis, the vibration reduction effects of these measures are analyzed and assessed subject to actual earthquake excitations in Wenchuan Earthquake (M=8.0), and the most appropriate SVR measure for high-pier bridges in Sichuan-Tibet Railway is determined at the end of the work. Results show that the height of pier does not obviously affect the performances of the concerned SVR measures. Comprehensively considering the vibration absorption performance, installation and maintenance of all the employed measures in this paper, TMD is the best one to absorb vibrations induced by earthquakes.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2002

In this study, stress-deformation characteristics of buried pipe are studied. A numerical model, i.e., Egg-Cam Clay is introduced for the analysis of soft clay. Cam Clay model has a difficulty in analyzing soft clay that has two properties of shrinkage and swelling. Egg-Cam Clay model is modified format of Cam Clay model. In addition, Mohr-Coulomb model using finite element method is employed to verify effects of the geogrid, EPS geofoam. Stress deformation of several cases of pipe and other reinforcemnt material combinations are analyzed. Geofoam and geogrid have positive effects on the deformation characteristics.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.66-76
• /
• 2020

We The 4th industrial revolution, the core characteristics of super-intelligence, hyper-connective, and ultrareality, has been actualized. New technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, and high-tech video have begun to be applied to media and advertising. With the introduction of new technologies in the advertising field, innovative changes in advertising types, advertising effects, advertising methods, and advertising contents are expected. Accordingly, We intends to design a future advertising roadmap development by predicting how future advertising will change and develop through future technologies in the 4th industrial revolution era. To design the roadmap, this study analyzes changes in advertising technology, consumer, and media as changes in the advertising environment in the 4th industrial revolution era, and identifies the core changing trends, advertising factors in future advertising through the Delphi Survey on experts in advertising and future fields. We identifies how the future advertising technology, types, media, effects, and fields are developed by the changes of future advertising environments, including technology, consumers, and media in the 4th industrial revolution era. Hence it is expected to help the advertising industry and experts to prepare for future changes.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.564-574
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the LOHAS index value of school food service employees on the purchase of food materials and foodservice quality. The subjects consisted of 566 foodservice employees. The findings were as follows. (1) The foodservice employee's LOHAS index fell within that of a NOMADICS group with an average of 72.18 points out of 100 points. (2) When the age, working experience and LOHAS index of the foodservice employees was high, the necessity, view, interest and recognition of LOHAS introduction for the improvement of the foodservice environment was high. (3) The amount of environmentally-friendly food materials purchased by foodservice employees was high, when they had a high LOHAS index. (4) High foodservice quality management items of foodservice employees were 'sanitation management' (3.87 points) and 'human resource management' (3.84 points), whereas 'menu management' (3.57 points) and 'food material and inspection management' (3.61 points) scored low. (5) The LOHAS index of foodservice employees has a significant impact on the purchase intention of environmentally-friendly food materials in LOHAS and NOMADICS groups. (6) This study confirmed that a higher LOHAS index of foodservice employees was associated with higher foodservice quality management behavior, which leads to an improved quality of foodservice.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.379-391
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The study proposes extended application of reviewing and developing international quality assurance system for useful and practical quality stabilization of foreign military product. There are several problems with quality assurance activities for foreign military products. To improve theses problems, this study researches measures and effects of entrustment of quality assurance activities to suppliers group abroad by utilizing the system. Methods: In order to carry out the research, consignment system for international quality assurance activity of advanced country has been analysed through this study. By applying the consignment system to the case of foreign military product, the possibility and effects of consignment is researched. Results: Through this study the procedure and substance of the international quality assurance system is verified. The quality assurance activities were consigned to suppliers group by utilizing the system, thus application basis for international quality assurace activities is established. Conclusion: Defense Import through The Quality Assurance System of trade countries using the International Quality Assurance System suggests the solution to endemic problems. The Introduction Military Product with the Quality Assurance System of Korean Government improves the competitiveness of defense export.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 2017

Purpose - This research is to provide new insights for policy makers in Korea, comparing South Korea and foreign countries such as Japan, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain and the forth, in terms of the effects of retail regulations on a retail trade industry. Research design, data, and methodology - After introduction, the research begins with literature review on the background why advanced countries have introduced retail legislations, then, will present their effects. The fourth section will compare the South Korea with the above foreign countries. Finally, the authors will draw conclusions and mention not only research limitations but also future research directions. Results - Based on the previous research, the authors compared Korea and advanced countries, in terms of how retail regulations influence retail employment, retail productivity, retail price, and the protection of independent retailers. The authors found that industrialized countries have made a significant effort to protect small shops for social stability with many different regulations and/or budget. With regard to results, however, the degree of its achievement is lower than expected. Conclusions - In order to protect small- and medium-sized retailers efficiently and effectively, policy makers need to develop better sophisticated retail regulations than those of advanced countries.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc on immune response in mice. Weanling male mice was placed individually in stainless steel cages and fed a zinc dificient diet and control diet. All mice were given deionized water ad libitum. The introduction of extraneous zinc was minimized in all cage by washing feed jars and water bottles sequentially with 4mM EDTA and conc-nitiric acid followed by deionized water. After 4 and 5 weeks of the diets, mice were immunized with lx 106 Naegleria fowleri intraperitoneally. Mice were weighed once a week. The results from this study are summarized as followed ; 1) Mice fed the zinc dificient diet showed growth retardation. After 3 weeks of diets, mean body weight of zinc deficient mice was 21.4g and that of control was 25.0g. This difference is singnificant statistically (p<0.01). The more time passed, the more remarkable difference was found. 2) The weigth of organs were measured on liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, heart, lung, brain. Difference in weight were observed only in liver and spleen. 3) Proliferative response of spleen cells of zinc deficient mice to con A was lower than that of control mice after one week on immunization(p<0.005). 4) Stimulation index was lower in zinc deficient mice to phytohemagglutinin after two weeks on immunization (p<0.05). 5) Blastogenesis of speen cells of zinc deficient mice to Naegleria fowleric lysate was lower after 10 days on immunization (p<0.05). 6) Immunoglobulin G antribody titers of zinc deficient mice sera by ELISA was lowered to control mice after 5 weeks on immunization (p<0.005).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the program to promote drinking knowledge, attitudes, and coping behavior in preschool children. Methods: A quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. The participants were 123 five year old children from G city. They were assigned to the experimental group (n=77) or the control group (n=46). A pretest and posttest were conducted to measure main variables. For the experimental group, the drinking prevention program was given for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: After the intervention, preschool children in the experimental group reported significant differences in drinking knowledge (F=9.25, p =.003), drinking attitudes (F=19.57, p<.001), and coping behavior (F=16.38, p<.001) compared to preschool children in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a drinking prevention program for preschool children is effective in increasing drinking knowledge, attitudes, and coping behavior. This drinking prevention program is recommended as an effective intervention for preschool age children to postpone an early introduction to drinking.