• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2008

Eukaryotic cells continuously integrate intrinsic and extrinsic signals to adapt to the environment. When exposed to stressful conditions, cells activate compartment-specific adaptive responses. If these are insufficient, apoptosis ensues as an organismal defense line. The mechanisms that sense stress and set the transition from adaptive to maladaptive responses, activating apoptotic programs, are the subject of intense studies, also for their potential impact in cancer and degenerative disorders. In the former case, one would aim at lowering the threshold, in the latter instead to increase it. Protein synthesis, consuming energy for anabolic processes as well as for byproducts disposal, can be a significant source of stress, particularly when difficult-to-fold proteins are produced. Recent work from our and other laboratories on the differentiation of antibody secreting cells, revealed a regulatory circuit that integrates protein synthesis, secretion and degradation (proteostasis), into cell lifespan determination. The apoptotic elimination - after an industrious, yet short lifetime - of terminal immune effectors is crucial to maintain immune homeostasis. Linking proteostasis to cell death, this paradigm might prove useful for biotechnological purposes, and the design of novel anti-cancer therapies.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

Living beings are formed of advanced biological and mechanical systems which exist for millions of years. It is known that various animals and insects right from small ants to huge whales have different weight carrying capacities, which is generally expressed as a ratio of their own bodyweights i.e., Strength to Bodyweight Ratio (SBR). The puzzle is that when a rhinoceros beetle (scientific name: Dynastinae) can carry 850 times its own bodyweight, why a man cannot accomplish the same feat. There are intrinsic biological and mechanical reasons related to their capacities, as per biomechanics. Yet, there are underlining principles of engineering and structural mechanics which tend to solve this puzzle. The paper attempts to give a plausible answer for this puzzle through structural mechanics and experimental modeling techniques. It is based on the fact that smaller an animal or creature, it has larger value of weight lifting by self-weight ratio. The simple example of steel prism model discussed in this paper, show that smaller the physical model size, larger is its SBR value. To normalize this, the basic length of the model need to be considered and when multiplied with SBR, a constant is arrived. Hence, the aim of the research presented is to derive this constant on a pan-living being spectrum through size/scaling effect.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5614-5633
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• 2018

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) are both recognized as promising techniques, one is for solving the resource insufficient of mobile devices and the other is for powering the mobile device. Naturally, by integrating the two techniques, task will be capable of being executed by the harvested energy which makes it possible that less intrinsic energy consumption for task execution. However, this innovative integration is facing several challenges inevitably. In this paper, we aim at prolonging the battery life of mobile device for which we need to maximize the harvested energy and minimize the consumed energy simultaneously, which is formulated as residual energy maximization (REM) problem where the offloading ratio, energy harvesting time, CPU frequency and transmission power of mobile device are all considered as key factors. To this end, we jointly optimize the offloading ratio, energy harvesting time, CPU frequency and transmission power of mobile device to solve the REM problem. Furthermore, we propose an efficient convex optimization and sequential unconstrained minimization technique based combining method to solve the formulated multi-constrained nonlinear optimization problem. The result shows that our joint optimization outperforms the single optimization on REM problem. Besides, the proposed algorithm is more efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.12-14
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• 2019

Functional dysphonia (FD) is a disease entity which includes various voice disorders in the absence of structural or neurologic laryngeal pathology. Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD), psychogenic dysphonia are representative FD with completely different pathogenesis. Therefore there is no standard treatment modality for FD, the first step of treatment of FD is differentiating patient's voice symptoms from other organic voice disorders and other functional voice problems. MTD is a functional voice disorder caused by hyperfunction of intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal musculature. Symptoms include increased vocal effort, roughness, fatigue and odynophonia. First line for MTD is indirect or direct voice therapy. Unfortunately, many patients with MTD improve with voice therapy alone. For these patients, various modalities tried; lidocaine application, surgical excision of the false vocal folds, and botulinum toxin injection, etc. Botulinum toxin injections are widely used in the field of otolaryngology, especially for spasmodic dysphonia. However, its use in FD or MTD has only been described in few case reports. The aim of this lecture is to evaluate the feasibility of botulinum toxin injection for FD, especially MTD.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to understand the direction of planning for regeneration based on six representative cases of western part of Seoul that were regenerated from the unpleasant facilities since the 20th century. In particular, the similarities and differences were derived by analyzing the characteristics of the history and the location in terms of the 1st establishment and the regeneration in each cases. As a result, looking the tendency to regenerate the unpleasant facility, it can be seen that there is a correlation between the historical and the locational context when establishing and regenerating. Considering the distinct characteristic of the Location and the history of establishment & regeneration, we could classify the characteristics of public facilities as extroverted tendency and intrinsic tendency analysed by a geographic and an architectural, a programmatic aspects. Therefore, when planning the project regenerated from unpleasant facilities, it should be set considering the locational context and the historical context of establishment & regeneration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.30-33
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• 2023

The recent scholarly focus has been directed towards the expeditious and accurate detection of salient objects, a task that poses considerable challenges for resource-limited edge devices due to the high computational demands of existing models. To mitigate this issue, some contemporary research has favored inference speed at the expense of accuracy. In an effort to reconcile the intrinsic trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency, we present novel model for salient object detection. Our model incorporate group-wise attentive module within the decoder of the encoder-decoder framework, with the aim of minimizing computational overhead while preserving detection accuracy. Additionally, the proposed architectural design employs attention mechanisms to generate boundary information and semantic features pertinent to the salient objects. Through various experimentation across five distinct datasets, we have empirically substantiated that our proposed models achieve performance metrics comparable to those of computationally intensive state-of-the-art models, yet with a marked reduction in computational complexity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2024

This paper presents a significant contribution to aided design by conducting an analytical examination of geometric links with the aim of establishing criteria for assessing an analogy measure of the extrinsic geometric and kinematic characteristics of the Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine with a Geared Mechanism (GBCM) in comparison to the existing Fixed Compression Ratio (FCR) engine with a Standard-Reciprocating Crankshaft configuration. Employing a mechanical approach grounded in projective computational methods, a parametric study has been conducted to analyze the kinematic behavior and geometric transformations of the moving links. The findings indicate that in order to ensure equivalent extrinsic behavior and maintain consistent input-output performance between both engine types, precise adjustments of intrinsic geometric parameters are necessary. Specifically, for a VCR configuration compared to an FCR configuration, regardless of compression ratio and gearwheel radius, for the same crankshaft ratios and stroke lengths, it is imperative to halve lengths of connecting rods, and crank radius. These insights underscore the importance of meticulous parameter adjustment in achieving comparable performance across different engine configurations, offering valuable implications for design optimization.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1268-1276
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• 2018

The cytidine analog decitabine (DEC) acts as a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor, whereas ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is an inhibitor of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible synergistic inhibitory effect of these two inhibitors on proliferation of human gastric cancer AGS cells. The inhibitory effect of PDTC on AGS cell proliferation was significantly increased by DEC in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and the induction of apoptosis. This induction of apoptosis by the co-treatment with PDTC and DEC was related to the induction of DNA damage, as assessed by H2AX phosphorylation. Further studies demonstrated that co-treatment with PDTC and DEC induced the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax, and down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, ultimately resulting in the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Co-treatment with PDTC and DEC also activated caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are representative caspases of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Co-treatment also activated caspase-3, which was accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, these data clearly indicated that co-treatment with PDTC and DEC suppressed the proliferation of AGS cells by increasing DNA damage and activating the ROS-mediated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.28-46
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• 2015

The aim of this research is to classify the concept expressed in the mobility of la diff${\acute{e}}$rant play, and supplement logic, which is process of the changeability of fashion style. The specific research questions are as follows: first question deals with the relationship between changeability and la diff${\acute{e}}$rant images, and how la diff${\acute{e}}$rant images are divided by each phase and how their circumduction play is proceeded. The second question is about the important features of the mobility of la diff${\acute{e}}$rant play and the method of la diff${\acute{e}}$rance play. The last topic of this study covers the supplement logic and the condition, and how supplement logic has been applied in the process of changeability of fashion style. This paper deploys a qualitative research method providing a systematic review of the previous studies. To sum it up, the mobility of la diff${\acute{e}}$rant play is the root of power, which is controlling the changeability of fashion style, and the objective of the play is to outline new la diff${\acute{e}}$rant images through spatialization of time. In addition, supplement logicis the method of la diff${\acute{e}}$rant play and the purpose of the logic is to harmonize 'ultimate la diff${\acute{e}}$rant image', which is the phenomenological construction stratum in the state of sub-conscious changeability, and 'immediate la diff${\acute{e}}$rant image', which is the structural construction level stratum in the state of external changeability. This research proves that the intrinsic attribute of changeability is contained the mobility of la diff${\acute{e}}$rant play and supplement logic.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.12.1-12.1
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• 2009

Nano-hydroxyapatite (N-HAp)has shown the pivotal role in producing bone-regenerative materials since it has similarity to natural bone minerals in terms of size, morphology, and the composition. Currently, the combination of biopolymers and N-HAp is recognizedas an attractive approach in generating hybrid scaffolds for bone tissueengineering. Surface engineering is an important issue since it determines whether cells can effectively adhere and proliferate on porous scaffolds. We aim to develop a synthetic approach to porous 3D scaffolds by immobilizing N-HAp on pore surfaces. The discrete nano-level anchoring of N-HAp on the scaffold pore surface is achieved using surface-repellent stable colloidal N-HAp with surface phosphate functionality. This rational surface engineering enables surface-anchored N-HAp to express its overall intrinsic bioactivity,since N-HAp is not phase-mixed with the polymers. The porous polymer scaffolds with surface-immobilized N-HAp provide more favorable environments thanconventional bulk phase-mixed polymer/N-HAp scaffolds in terms of cellular interaction and growth. In vitro biological evaluation using alkalinephosphatase activity assay supports that immobilized N-HAp on pore surfaces of polymer scaffolds contributed to the more enhanced in vitro osteogenicpotential. Besides, the scaffolds with surface-exposed N-HAp provide favorable environments for enhanced in vivo bone tissue growth, estimated by characteristic biomarkers of bone formation such as collagen. The results suggest that newly developed hybrid scaffolds with surface-immobilized N-HApmay serve as a useful 3D substrate with pore surfaces featuring excellent bonetissue-regenerative properties. Acknowledgement. This research was supported by a grant (code #: 2009K000430) from 'Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology' under '21st Century Frontier R&D Programs' of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea.