• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2003

Acetone, which is produced from butyric acid when it passes through the rumen wall, was infused into the rumen and jugular veins of three female goats to investigate the role of acetone in ruminating and masticating behavior. The ruminating behavior, as measured by the number of boli and the ruminating time, decreased (p<0.05) with intraruminal acetone infusion. However, the ruminating behavior did not change significantly in response to intravenous acetone infusion. Feed intake significantly decreased with intraruminal acetone infusion, but not with intravenous acetone infusion. The concentrations of acetone in the plasma increased significantly (p<0.05) with both acetone infusion regions. Ruminal fluid acetone, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA), which is one of the ketone bodies, produced from acetone by bacterial action in rumen, concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.05) with both acetone infusion regions. These results suggest that the chemoreceptors sensitive to acetone are more likely to be in the rumen epithelium, portal system, or liver, where they can respond to acetone levels.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.857-858
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• 2012

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2010

The particulate contamination of intravenously administered fluid has been of major concern. One of the most common complications associated with long term i.v. therapy is post-infusion phlebitis (PIP). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of inline filters on PIP. An electronic search of Medline, KoreaMed, and KRIST was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of inline filters. Meta-analysis was undertaken using STATA 10. A total of 62 literatures were retrieved, of which 7 were included in meta-analysis. Inline filtration for intravenous infusion significantly reduced by 39% of the incidence of phlebitis, with a relative risk of 0.61 (95% CI 0.41-0.90, p=0.012). Therefore, inline filtration is a highly effective means of decreasing the incidence of infusion phlebitis and should be considered as a part of intravenous therapy.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2020

This study attempted to investigate cognitive load, vividness, and cybersickness in nursing students, in the last year of nursing college, who used a 360-degree video content for studying intravenous fluid infusion, one of the core fundamental nursing skills. The aim was to determine the correlation between the variables, and to decide whether the 360-degree video content can be used as an effective supplementary educational material in the regular curricula. This study, a descriptive research, was conducted from October 31, 2019 to November 14, 2019. The participants in this study were 64 students in the 4th year of nursing college at a university located in B City, South Korea. They were instructed to watch a 360-degree video content for intravenous infusion using a Samsung Head Mounted Display (HMD) while ensuring the safety of the students. The results showed that the scores, out of 7 points, for material design, self-evaluation, and physical effort for cognitive load in nursing students were 5.93±0.71, 5.92±0.71, and 5.64±0.74 points, respectively. In addition, the scores, out of 7 points, for mental effort and task difficulty were 2.55±1.08 and 1.94±0.75 points, respectively, and the scores for vividness and cybersickness in the participants were 5.82±0.84, and 2.57±0.98 points, respectively. Physical effort, self-evaluation, and material design for cognitive load in the participants were positively correlated with vividness (r=.379, r=.458, r=.507). In addition, mental effort for cognitive load was positively correlated with cybersickness (r=.684), whereas self-evaluation and material design were negatively correlated with cybersickness (r=-.388, r=-.343). Based on the results of this study, we believe that the 360-degree video content for intravenous fluid infusion can be used as an educational medium in regular and non-regular curricula. In addition, future studies are needed to specifically develop and verify teaching and learning methods on how to apply 360-degree video contents..

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제1권
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• pp.55-80
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• 1992

In order to examine that the effect of Sam Hwa San, circulating the vital energy of Sam Cho and controlling body fluid metabolism, gives any influence on renal function, changes in the urine flow, eletrolytes excretion, plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity were observed after intravenous infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract in rabbit. Also in vitro effect of the herb extract on oxygen consumption in renal cortical slices and ATPase activity in kidney microsomes was measured. The following results were obtained : 1. The urine flow was markedly increased at 10 min after intravenous infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract($0.134{\pm}0.015$ vs. $0.433{\pm}0.046ml/min.kg$), but return ed to normal value after 40 min of infusion. 2. The glomerular filtration rate was significantly increased at 10 min after in travenous infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract, and the renal plasma flow at 10 and 20 min after infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract, following return to normal value. 3. $Na^+$ excretion was significantly increased during 10-40 min after intravenous infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract, although showed the maximal rate at 10-20 min. The fractional $Na^+$ excretion was also increased during 10-40 min. $K^+$ excretion was rapidly increased at 10 min after the intravenous Infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract and then gradually decreased to normal level at 40 min. The fractional $K^+$ excretion was significantly increased during 10-40 min after the intravenous infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract. 4. The plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity were not altered by the infusion of the Sam Hwa San extract. 5. The ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption of renal cortical slices was significantly reduced by the Sam Hwa San extract(0.5 and 1.0 vol.%). 6. The Na-K-ATPase activity of renal microsomes was strongly inhibited by the Sam Hwa San extract(0.5 and 1.0 vol.%). These results suggest that the Sam Hwa San causes a strong diuretic effect which results from reduction of Na reabsorption in renal tubule by a direct inhibition of Na-pump and, in part, from all increase in renal blood flow. In clinic, it is considered to obtain the therapeutic effect in body fluid metabolism disharmony to cause the circular disorder of vital energy.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.127-128
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• 1998

It is necessary to maintain constant intravenous (IV) infusion rate. While infusion pump is able to control infusion rate with great accuracy, its rather large size and weight make it difficult for patients to move around. The most commonly used infusion device is gravity IV infusion set with its administration chamber being clamped according to the observed drip rate. In this case it may be easier and more accurate to maintain IV rate to given value if we automate the drip-counting process and tube-clamping work by electronic devices. We calculated volume infusion rate of specific fluid using optical drip rate meter which we had developed. To regulate fluid flow rate, we equipped the rate meter which we had developed with a miniaturized clamping apparatus using DC motor. Also, we Implemented drip detection and clamp control algorithm with PIC16C73 $\mu$-controller (Microchip). This system provides user interface through LCD display and key buttons.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2013

Purpose: For the treat hypothermia patients, active warming might be needed. In most emergency departments, IV warm saline infusion is used for treatments. However, during IV warm saline infusion, heat loss from the warm saline may occur and aggravate hypothermia. Thus, in this study, we conducted an experiment on conserving heat loss from warm saline by using a simple method. Methods: Four insulation methods were used for this study. 1) wrapping the set tube for the administration of the IV fluid with a cotton bandage, 2) wrapping the set tube for the administration of the IV fluid with a cotton bandage with aluminum foil, 3) wrapping the warm saline bag and tube with a cotton bandage, and 4) wrapping the warm saline bag and tube with a cotton bandage with aluminum foil. Intravenous fluid was preheated to a temperature between $38-40^{\circ}C$. The temperatures of the saline bag temperature and the distal end of the IV administration set were measured every ten minutes for an hour. The infusion rate was 1000 cc/hr, and to obtain an accurate infusion rate, we used an infusion pump. Results: The mean initial temperature of the saline bag was $39.11^{\circ}C$. An hour later, the fluid temperature at the distal end of the fluid temperature ranged from $39.11^{\circ}C$ to $34.3^{\circ}C$. Without any insulation, the initial temperature of the pre-heated warm saline, $39^{\circ}$ had decreased to $34.8^{\circ}C$ after having been run through the 170-cm-long IV administration tube, and after 1-hour, the temperature was $29.63^{\circ}C$. As we expected, heat loss was prevented most by wrapping both the saline bag and the IV administration set with a cotton bandage and aluminum foil. Conclusion: Wrapping both the saline bag and the IV administration set with a cotton bandage and aluminum foil can prevent heat loss during IV infusion in Emergency departments.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis, which has been used to assess an alteration in intracellular fluid (ICF) of the body, was applied to detect intravenous infiltration. The experimental results are described as follows. Firstly, when infiltration occurred, the resistance gradually decreased with time and frequency i.e., the resistance decreased with increasing time, proportional to the amount of infiltrated intravenous (IV) solution. At each frequency, the resistance gradually decreased with time, indicating the IV solution (also blood) accumulated in the extracellular fluid (ECF) (including interstitial fluid). Secondly, the resistance ratio started to increase at infiltration, showing the highest value after 1.4 min of infiltration, and gradually decreased thereafter. Thirdly, the impedance ($Z_C$) of cell membrane decreased significantly (especially at 50 kHz) during infiltration and gradually decreased thereafter. Fourthly, Cole-Cole plot indicated that the positions of (R, $X_C$) shifted toward left owing to infiltration, reflecting the IV solution accumulated in the ECF. The resistance ($R_0$) at zero frequency decreased continuously over time, indicating that it is a vital impedance parameter capable of detecting early infiltration during IV infusion. Finally, the mechanism of the current flowing through the ECF, cell membrane, and ICF in the subcutaneous tissues was analyzed as a function of time before and after infiltration, using an equivalent circuit model of the human cell. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the infiltration could be detected early using these impedance parameters during the infusion of IV solution.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.310.2-311
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• 2003

The effects of differences in the rate and composition of intravenous fluid replacement for urine loss on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide were evaluated using rabbits as the animal model. Each rabbit received 2-h constant intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg ∼ 1 of torasemide with 0％ replacement (treatment I, n = 6), 50％ replacement (treatment II, n = 9), and 100％ replacement with lactated Ringer's solution (treatment III, n = 8) as well as with 100％ replacement with 5％ dextrose in water(D-5-W, treatment IV, n=6). (omitted)

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.114-126
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and satisfaction with IVIC300 (Intravenous infusion controller). Method: The subjects consisted of 90 nurses and 100 patients. Data collected during July 2013 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and $X^2$-test (Chi-Square). Result: The error value of IVIC300 was less than that of Dosi-flow. Differences of error values according to variable of fluid infusion (needle's gauge, patient's moving, patient's calls, and nurse's arabitary calls) were not significant. The mean scores for satisfaction with IVIC300 of nurses ($3.67{\pm}.76$), patients ($3.75{\pm}.63$) were above average. Satisfaction with IVIC300 of nurses differed significantly according to age, work unit, and clinical career. Satisfaction with IVIC300 of patients was not significantly different according to general characteristics. Conclusion: These findings indicate that it is proven the accuracy of IVIC300, and is considered individual characteristics in use IVIC300.