• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.405-416
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• 1995

FBs, secondary metabolites of several species of Fusaria, especially Fusarium moniliforme and F proliferatum, are commonly contaminated in com and other food grains throughout the world. Only recently identified, these mycotoxins have been associated field outbreaks of ELEM in horses and PPE in pigs. Currently, naturally or experimentally induced FB toxicosis has been studied in poultry, ruminants and rabbits. Poultry fed FB showed decreased growth rate, performance, and immune competence, as well as embryopathic, and embryocidal effects, and ricktes. Ruminants seem to be relatively less susceptible to FBs than other doestic animal. FB toxicosis reveals that liver is a target organ in all species, although other organs are affected in a species specific manner. Recently, the main target organs for $FB_1$ toxicity in rabbits was shown to be the kidney. Even low concentrations of FBs are likely to be a problem for animal health. A current study being conducted showed that feed containing low level of $FB_1$ reduces the ability of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in pig to clear blood-borne particles which would increase the susceptibility of animals to bacterial disease. The mechanism of FB toxicity remains unknown, but may be related to altered sphingolipid biosynthesis by inhibiting sphinganine N-acyltransferase. Elevations of serum and tissue SA:SO ratio have been observed in horse, pig, chicken, turkey, and rabbit, which could could serve as in effective biomarker for consumption of FB-containing feeds. There is limited information detailing dose-effect relationships either from field cases or in the laboratory. More research on the factors, including the prevalence and tolerance levels of FBs in feedstuffs that cause domestic animal disease associated with FBs, is urgently needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 1982

Chickens from 10 to 32 weeks of age were inoculated with P. multocida via seven routs(intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, into ear, intranasal, per oral). The development or distribution of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in multiple organs and the role of P. multocida endotoxins in disease process of fowl cholera were studied. The histological diagnosis of DIC was made by demonstration of fibrinous in arterioles, capillaries, venules and medium-sized blood vessels. The presence of fibrinous thrombi in blood vessels of multiple organs was observed in chickens which died within approximately 3 days post inoculation. Fibrinous thrombi were observed most frequently in the lung(90% of all cases with DIC) followed by liver (70%), kidney (60%), heart(20%), spleen, brain, pancreas, thymus and thyroid gland. The density of fibrinous thrombi (i.e. the number of thrombi per section) was greatest in the lung, followed by spleen, kidney, liver and heart. It is thought that the widespread hemorrhage of acute fowl cholera is also caused by P. multocida endotoxin which initiates DIC in variety of organs. The cause of death for the chickens after infection with acute fowl cholera is probably due to an endotoxin (septic) shock accompanied with DIC in multiple organs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1999

The relationship between intravascular erythroblasts and Kupffer cells in the human fetal liver from 11 to 20 week gestation was studied ultrastructurally. The walls of the developing sinusoids consisted of two cell types devoid of basal lamina, the nonfenestrasted endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells examined were easily identified by their content of phagosmes and their morphological features, and partially proliferated by mitotic division which was different way of proliferation from adult. Some extruded nuclei of acidophilic erythroblasts were trapped within Kupffer cells which exhibited various stages of intracellular digestion of the nuclei. During high activity of human fetal hepatic erythropoiesis, Kupffer cells were found in association with developing erythrob-lasts, which was similar with erythroblastic islands. The developing erythroblasts were partially surrounded by multilaminated membrane system of the Kupffer cell consisting erythroblastic island, or in contact with Kupffer cell via cytoptasmic processes in the sinu-soidal lumen. The presence of these islands was confirmed by transmission and scanning electron microscopic study. The results demonstrate that Kupffer cells in fetal heaptic erythropoiesis phagocytized expelled nuclei and contributed to erythropoiesis mechanically and physiologically by the hypertrophy and the formation of erythroblastic islands.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2003

In this paper, the correlation of Pressure drop about the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid was investigated experimentally for vibrating intravascular lung assist device (VIVLAD) and we determined correlation equation to make a prediction about Pressure drop for designing VIVLAD. Design conditions to predict the pressure drop of the modules were studied through an experimental modeling before inserting the artificial lung assist device into as venous. Experiments were performed by distilled water, glycerol/water mixed solution(40% glycerol) of Newtonian fluids. and the bovine blood of non-Newtonian fluids. These fluids were flowed outside and parallel of hollow fiber membranes. Also we measured pressure drop according to the number of the fiber membranes which ware inserted into the inside diameter of shell of 3 cm, and developed the prediction equations by curve fitting method based on correlation between the experimental pressure drop and the frontal area or the packing density of device. The result showed that the Pressure drop and the friction factor of the water/glycerol mixed solution were similar to that of bovine blood. It was showed that the water/glycerol mixed solution (40% glycerol) could be used for measuring the pressure drop and the friction factor instead of the bovine blood. Also, we could estimate the prediction equation of pressure drop and friction factor as the function of Packing density at the number of hollow fibers. We obtained the reliance of the prediction equations because the pressure drop and the friction factor measured from the experiments were similar to that from the prediction equation. These results may be used to further usefulness for the design of VIVLAD.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2014

Dabigatran is the first oral direct thrombin inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Because dabigatran is excreted mainly by the kidneys, serum levels of dabigatran can be elevated to a supratherapeutic range in patients with renal failure, predisposing to emergent bleeding. We describe the case of a 66-year-old man taking dabigatran 150 mg twice daily for atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction who presented with hematochezia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Laboratory evaluation showed a hemoglobin level of 6.3 g/dL, platelets of $138,000/mm^3$, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 10 s, and an international normalized ratio (INR) of 8.17. Colonoscopy showed a bleeding anal fissure. Hemostasis was provided by hemoclips and packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were transfused. Since then, there was no further hematochezia, however, bleeding including oral mucosal bleeding, hematuria, and intravenous site bleeding persisted. At presentation, his serum creatinine was 4.96 mg/dL (baseline creatinine, 0.9 mg/dL). Dabigatran toxicity secondary to acute kidney injury was presumed. Because acute kidney injury of unknown cause was progressing after admission, he was treated with hemodialysis. Fresh frozen plasma transfusion was provided with hemodialysis. At 15 days from admission, there was no further bleeding, and laboratory values, including hemoglobin, partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time were normalized. He was discharged without bleeding. After 2 months, he undergoes dialysis three times per week and no recurrence of bleeding has been observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.418-426
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• 2023

Purpose Practical challenges are encountered in percutaneous intravascular procedures when applied to markedly angulated branching vessels. Herein, we introduced a folded-loop guidewire remodeling technique-the guidewire-shaping technique-to overcome difficult catheterization. Materials and Methods First, the tip of a 0.014-inch micro-guidewire was manually shaped like a pigtail loop. Second, the shaped guidewire was introduced into the microcatheter and was preloaded into the hollow metal introducer for suitability with the microcatheter hub. Gentle rotation of the guidewire after release from the microcatheter can create the preshaped pigtail loop configuration. On pulling back, the loop loosened, the configuration was changed to a small U-shaped tip, and the guidewire tip was easily introduced into the target artery. Results Between December 2019 and January 2022, the described technique was used in 64 patients (male/female, 49/15; mean age, 66.8 ± 9.5 years) for selective arterial embolization, after failed attempts with the conventional selection technique. The technique was successful in 63/64 patients (98%). The indications of embolization include transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemoptysis, trauma-induced bleeding, and tumor bleeding. Conclusion The folded-loop guidewire remodeling technique facilitates the catheterization of markedly angulated branching arteries; when usual catheterization method fails.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2012

High-intensive endurance exercises induce cell changes in body, changes in structures and functions of the heart, the muscles, the cartilages, and the liver, as well as increase of inflammatory cytokine. The purpose of this study was to estimate the biochemical changes in the liver and muscles during ultra-marathon race (100 km) by sections. The blood of the subjects was collected before the marathon as a control in order to analyze serum creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), asprtate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total(T)-bilirubin, direct(D)-bilirubin, total protein, albumin, uric acid, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (${\gamma}$-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations. The CK, LDH, D-bilirubin, AST and ALT concentrations at 50 km and 100 km were significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.05). The markers at 100 km were higher than those at 50 km (P<0.05). The T-bilirubin and hs-CRP concentrations showed no difference among the groups, whereas the markers at 100 km were higher than those of the control and at 50 km (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the ultra-marathon race (100 km) may induce the damage of the skeletal muscle, liver and kidney, intravascular hemolysis and inflammatory responses.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.165-170
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• 2004

The purpose of this work was to assess and quantify the beneficial effects of long-term gas exchange, at varying frequencies, for the development of a vibrating intravascular lung assistance device (VIVLAD), for patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The experimental design and procedure have been applied to the construction of a new device for assessing the effectiveness of membrane vibrations. An analytical solution has been developed for the hydrodynamics of flow through a bundle of sinusoidally vibrated hollow fibers, with the intention of gaining insight into how wall vibrations might enhance the performance of the VIVLAD. As a result, the maximum oxygen transfer rate was reached at the maximum amplitude and through the transfer of vibrations to the hollow fiber membranes. The device was excited by a frequency band of 7Hz at various water flow rates, as this frequency was the 2nd mode resonance frequency of the flexible beam. 675 hollow fiber membranes were also bundled, within the blood flow, into the device.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Arsenic poisoning has three types of poisoning. First, acute arsenic poisoning is usually caused by oral intake of large amount of arsenic compound with purpose of homicide or suicide. Second, chronic arsenic poisoning is caused by inhalation of arsenic in the occupational setting or by long-term oral intake of arsenic-contaminated well water. Third, arsine poisoning occurs acutely when impurities of arsenic in non-ferrous metal react with acid. Clinical manifestation of acute arsenic poisoning is mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular collapse. Those of chronic poisoning are skin disorder and cancer. Arsine poisoning shows massive intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria with acute renal failure. Exposure evaluation is done by analysis of arsenic in urine, blood, hair and nail. Species analysis of arsenic is very important to evaluate inorganic arsenic acid and mono methyl arsenic acid (MMA) separated from dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA) and trimethyl arsenic acid (TMA) which originate from sea weed and sea food. Treatment with dimercaprol (BAL) is effective in acute arsenic poisoning only.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2015

Streptococcus pneumoniae associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (SpHUS) is one of the causes of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and increasingly reported. They are more severe and leave more long-term sequelae than more prevalent, typical hemolytic uremic syndrome. But it is not so easy to diagnose SpHUS for several reasons (below), and there was no diagnostic criteria of consensus. A 18 month-old-girl with sudden onset of oliguria and generalized edema was admitted through the emergency room. She had pneumonia with pleural effusion and laboratory findings of HUS, DIC, and positive direct Coombs' test. As DIC or SpHUS was suspected, we started to treat her with broad spectrum antibiotics, transfusion of washed RBC and replacement of antithrombin III. On the $3^{rd}$ day, due to severe hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was started. She showed gradual improvement in 4 days on CRRT and discharged in 16 days of hospital care. At the follow up to one year, she has maintained normal renal function without proteinuria and hypertension. We report this case with review of articles including recently suggested diagnostic criteria of SpHUS.