• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and matching accuracy between two identical intraoral spectrophotometers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary right central incisor, canine, and mandibular left central incisor of each of 30 patients were measured using 2 identical intraoral spectrophotometers with different serial numbers (EasyShade V). The color of each shade tab from 3 shade guides (VITA 3D-Master) was also determined with both devices. All measurements were performed by a single operator. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the repeatability, accuracy, and the differences between the devices with paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. A high level of measurement repeatability (ICC>0.90) among $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ color components was observed within and between devices (P<.001). Intra-device matching agreement rates were 80.00% and 81.11%, respectively, while inter-device matching agreement rate was 51.85%. ANOVA revealed no significant different color values within each device, while paired t-test provided significant different color values between both devices. The CIEDE2000 color differences between both devices were $2.28{\pm}1.61$ ${\Delta}E_{00}$ for in-vivo readings. Regarding the clinical matching accuracy of both devices, ${\Delta}E_{00}$ values between teeth and matching shade tabs were $3.05{\pm}1.19$ and $2.86{\pm}1.02$, respectively. CONCLUSION. Although two EasyShade V devices with different serial numbers show high repeatability of CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ measurements, they could provide different color values and shade for the same tooth.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA) measurements of the ankle muscle, including the tibialis anterior (TA) and the medial gastrocnemius (MGCM), using a hands-free fixed probe and to compare it with the conventional linear probe. Design: Observational inter-rater reliability study. Methods: Thirty-three healthy subjects (20 male, 13 female) were included. In all subjects, ultrasound images were acquired from the TA and MGCM using a hands-free fixed probe and a conventional linear probe in random sequence by two examiners at two time-points within a 7-day interval. MT and PA were calculated on the taken images. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), 95% confidence intervals, standard error of measurement and the Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to estimate reliability and validity. And also, Bland-Altman plots were generated for a visual representation of MT and PA at the TA and MGCM. Results: The ICC for all intra-rater reliability was 0.943 to 0.995 and that for all inter-rater reliability was 0.928 to 0.993, indicating excellent reliability. A significantly high correlation was observed between MT and PA at the TA and MGCM with use of the hands-free fixed probe and the conventional linear probe (r>0.938; p<0.001). Conclusions: The hands-free fixed probe provided excellent images for measurement of the MT and PA of the TA and MGCM and is a useful device for making clinical measurements of muscle structure without grasping of the probe.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

Background: The purposes of this study were to: 1) investigate the relation between thoracic kyphosis, postural stiffness and thoracic rotation and 2) the intra-rater reliability of the measurement methods for thoracic kyphosis and rotation angle. Methods: Thirty-nine young adults (13 males, 26 females) participated in the study. Thoracic kyphosis was measured using a Flexicurve while standing in their usual relaxed posture and then in their maximally erector posture. Index of kyphosis (IK) measures taken in the relaxed and maximally erect positions were used to estimate postural stiffness. Thoracic rotation range of motion (ROM) was measured using universal goniometer and inclinometer in two positions. The association between the magnitude of the IK and thoracic stiffness and thoracic rotation ROM was also examined. Reliability was determined using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: When measured from the mean relaxed IK (${\pm}SD$) was 7.42 (${\pm}1.47$) and mean erect IK was 4.92 (${\pm}1.63$) and mean IK ratio was 1.66 (${\pm}.65$). The relaxed IK was significantly correlated with the range of motion thoracic rotation in two positions (r=.503~580, p<.01). Conclusion: Thoracic kyphosis in relaxed position was associated with the range of motion thoracic rotation. Thoracic kyphosis measurement with the Flexicurve and range of motion 2 techniques of thoracic rotation showed good reliablity and may be a useful measurement tool in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.246-255
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to conduct a Korean cultural adaptation of the WHO disability assessment schedule (WHODAS) 2.0: 36-item version. Methods: An internationally standardized process of translation and cultural adaptation of an instrument was used to develop a Korean version of WHODAS 2.0: 36-item version. Linking each item into the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was also conducted in order to ensure the concepts in the translated instrument were compatible with ICF. All translated versions of the instrument, linking results and feedback from participants were used for the final adaptation of the Korean version of the instrument. The Korean version of the instrument was assessed twice on different occasions to examine Inter- and intra-rater reliability, and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Results: Twelve participants were involved in the translation and linking process. Ninety-five volunteers were invited to participate to examine the reliability of the instrument. Fifty participants completed the self-rated version of the instrument and 45 finished the interviewer version. The Korean WHODAS 2.0: 36-item version was found to have excellent reliability: self-rated version and interviewer version reliability coefficients were ICC=0.92 and ICC=0.94, respectively. Thirty-four items of the translated instrument were to be linked to ICF categories. Some adaptation was made; details and a familiar example were added to help respondents answer the questions. Conclusion: The study results show that the adaptation of the 36-item version of WHODAS 2.0 to Korean was successful and the instrument is ready for use in testing its psychometric properties.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.333-348
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• 2013

Mobile authentication/identification has grown into a priority issue nowadays because of its existing outdated mechanisms, such as PINs or passwords. In this paper, we introduce gait recognition by using a mobile accelerometer as not only effective but also as an implicit identification model. Unlike previous works, the gait recognition only performs well with a particular mobile specification (e.g., a fixed sampling rate). Our work focuses on constructing a unique adaptive mechanism that could be independently deployed with the specification of mobile devices. To do this, the impact of the sampling rate on the preprocessing steps, such as noise elimination, data segmentation, and feature extraction, is examined in depth. Moreover, the degrees of agreement between the gait features that were extracted from two different mobiles, including both the Average Error Rate (AER) and Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC), are assessed to evaluate the possibility of constructing a device-independent mechanism. We achieved the classification accuracy approximately $91.33{\pm}0.67%$ for both devices, which showed that it is feasible and reliable to construct adaptive cross-device gait recognition on a mobile phone.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Background: The measurement of the strength of the shoulder muscles is an important element of the overall assessment of patients with various shoulder disorders. However, the clinical utilization of this measurement is dependent on its reproducibility. Objects: To explore the reproducibility of the measurements derived from testing of the isokinetic strength of shoulder muscles in patients with tendinitis of the rotator cuff. Methods: A total of 20 patients with tendinitis of the rotator cuff participated in this study and were assessed twice in 1 week. Isokinetic testing was performed concentrically for shoulder flexors, abductors, and external rotators and eccentrically for the shoulder extensors, adductors, and internal rotators. The relative and absolute reproducibility of the peak torque (PT) and ratios were assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID), respectively. Results: Overall, high to excellent ICC, clinically acceptable SEM and MCID values were obtained for the PT (ICC: .83-.95, SEM: 1.2%-9%, MCID: 3.4%-25%) and ratios (ICC: .85-.93, SEM: 5.1%-10%, MCID: 14.2%-27.6%). Conclusion: These findings suggest that isokinetic tests may be effectively utilized for the determination of shoulder strength profiles and appropriate position are recommended to perform test without pain in patients with tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.483-491
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop an ozone passive sampler and to evaluate its performance p-Acetamidophenol using as the reagent for ozone reacts specifically with the ambient ozone to produce a fluorescence material (p-acetamidopheonl dimer). The volume of absorbent solution and the extraction time determined at suitable conditions for measuring ozone were 100$\mu$L and 60 min, respectively. The changes of fluorescence were observed with incresing the storage period of passive samplers in ambient air. but the cool storage in a refrigerator did not remarkably influence the increase of fluorescence. The measurement for the precision oi the passive sampling was carried out with duplicate measurement of passive samplers. The intra-class correlation coefficients of passive samplers using dry and wet filters were 0.992 and 0.962, respectively The results from field validation tests indicated practical agreement (dry filter: r=0.963, wet filter: r=0.995) between the passive sampler and an UV photometric $O_3$ analyzer. The limit of quantification of ozone passive samplers with sampling time of 8 hr (wet filter) and 24 hr (dry filter) were 8.0 ppb and 2.7 ppb, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.22-29
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• 2016

Objectives: We developed a Korean translation of this questionnaire by sequential forward-and-backward translation. The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean version of the POEM, the "POEM-K" by Korean patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: A single-center prospective study was conducted with 50 participants diagnosed with AD. The POEM was translated to Korean version by an expert panel. Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were used as external comparators. Results: Twenty men and thirty women between the ages of 18 and 63 participated in the study. The test-retest reliability of the total POEM-K was estimated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) that showed a strong agreement (ICC = 0.72). By using Pearson correlation coefficients, we compared the POEM-K to SCORAD and yielded a concurrent validity that showed a significant result. The responsiveness of the POEM-K was represented by the effect size (ES) of 1.41 and statistically significant (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The Korean version of the POEM is a reliable, valid, and responsive disease-specific questionnaire for assessing the symptoms and quality of life of Korean patients with AD.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.307-316
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test psychometric properties the Korean version of the End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (KESRD-AQ). The ESRD-AQ, a 46-item, multidimensional, self-administrated questionnaire which was developed to assess treatment adherence to hemodialysis (HD) attendance, medications, fluid restrictions, and diet prescription among patients on maintenance hemodialysis, has been validated. Methods: The KESRD-AQ was developed by performing both translation and backtranslation. The content validity and test- retest reliability of the KESRD-AQ were evaluated by establishing item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed by adopting a known-group analysis comparing adheres and non-adherers using Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: 41 Korean-American patients with ESRD on HD from 3 outpatient dialysis centers in California participated in the study. The KESRD-AQ showed excellent content validity (average I-CVI=.96) and test-retest reliability (ICC=.917, p=.004). The construct validity indicated that the KESRD-AQ distinguished adheres and non-adheres (p=.02~.047). Conclusion: The KESRD-AQ is a valid and reliable instrument to measure treatment adherence.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine reliability and validity of the Neck Disability Index (NDI) now in use for the first time in neck pain patients of Korea. Fifty subjects (26 males and24 female) with neck pain enrolled in the study. They completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire that include pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, headaches, concentration, work, driving, sleeping and recreation. Reliability was determined by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha by internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NDI scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. The Test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NDI was good ICC (2,1) = .90 (95%CI .85 .95). Cronbach's alpha value for NDI was found to be .95 and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficients was .72 (p<.01). We conclude that the Korean version of NDI has shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain.