• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.137-141
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• 2015

Recently, open reduction and internal fixation has been the treatment of choice for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures for many orthopaedic surgeons. However controversy still surrounds the optimal treatment with regard to whether displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures should be treated operatively or conservatively. Conservative treatments include use of splint, rest, leg elevation, icing, use of analgesics and early mobilization. Operative treatment is open reduction and internal fixation, performed through an extensile lateral approach with interfragmentary screws and application of a neutralization plate. We reviewed the question of whether operative treatment by open reduction and internal fixation provides a benefit compared with conservative treatment for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2019

Treating distal humerus fractures, especially those involving intra-articular lesions, is complex and often technically demanding. Although there still exist many controversial issues, the goal of treatment is to establish anatomical stable fixation by restoring the two columns and the articular surface. Universally, a posterior midline incision is applied, and the approach varies according to the further management of the triceps or olecranon. Evidence supports dual plate fixation as the optimal fixation method, and debates regarding appropriate plating configuration are still ongoing. As multiple clinical studies comparing results of parallel and perpendicular plate fixation have shown no actual difference, it is important to place the plates according to the fracture configuration.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures are difficult to treat because of complex anatomy and high soft tissue complications. Various surgical approaches have been introduced to solve these problems, but the treatment remains complex. Recently, clinically and radiographically superior results were reported using a subtalar arthroscopy in reducing the posterior facet in both percutaneous and open approaches. In the percutaneous approach, the arthroscopically assistant percutaneous approach must be selected carefully for mild-to-moderately displaced fractures because of the limited view. In the open approach, there is little evidence of the utility of subtalar arthroscopy. Therefore, intraoperative arthroscopy should always be used in conjunction with fluoroscopy to achieve reduction and assess the internal fixation placement.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2013

Calcaneus is largest tarsal bone and the fracture of calcaneus is most common tarsal fractures. Calcaneal fractures are divided into extra-articular and intra-articular fractures. Intra-articular calcaneal fractures could be classified as tongue type and joint depression type using simple lateral radiograph (Essex-Lopresti classification), but Sanders suggested new classification according to involving the posterior facet of calcaneus using computed tomography. The involvement of posterior facet was revealed as more complicated than Essex-Lopresti classification. The principle purpose of treatment of calcaneal fractures are restoration of calcaneal height (B$\ddot{o}$hler angle), width, axis, anatomical reduction of joint and restoration of function through the stable fixation. Good visualization of joint and anatomical reduction could be achieved by extended lateral approach. But, skin problem could be occurred after of extended lateral approach.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.102-104
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• 2011

Purpose: The standard treatments of hand fractures today are fixations by K -wires, metal plates, wires and lag screws. But it is very difficult to reconstruct fractures by placing implants into small bony fragments especially in the comminuted fractures and intra-articular fractures. This paper describes a simple method of reconstruction with Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ for comminuted and intra-articular fractures in hands. Methods: 2 cases with comminuted and intra-articular fractures by crushing injury were reconstructed with Histoacryl$^{(R)}$. We performed applying Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ with swab on the bone cortex carefully to avoid Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ infiltrating into the medulla. We could rearrange and fixate bony fragments using only Histoacryl$^{(R)}$, in addition, metal plates, K-wires, wires, and lag screws could be used for secondary fixation if needed. Results: Post-operative X-ray finding of 2 patients assured that the bony fragments of the hand fractures maintained their original positions. Significant displacement and deviation, infection, nonunion, and malunion during the follow-up period were not observed. Conclusion: This study showed the possibility of using Histoacryl$^{(R)}$ in addition as a simple method of fixation in the comminuted and intra-articular hand fractures.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

Open reduction and internal fixation is currently considered as a gold standard of treatment in most of the intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Among various different approaches, extensile lateral approach is the most popular since it provides good exposure to the subtalar joint. However, wide skin incision followed by extensive soft tissue dissection leading to increased risk of wound breakdown is the most serious drawback. Sinus tarsi approach, a minimal invasive technique to approach the subtalar joint and reduce the intra-articular calcaneal fractures, provides good clinical outcome and less wound complications compared to the extensile lateral approach. This article introduces the surgical technique and review of the literature regarding the sinus tarsi approach.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.230-235
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• 1998

Fractures of the scapula are relatively uncommon injuries and treatment in the vast majority of cases remains nonsurgical and the results have been quite satisfactory. But the scapular fracture itself may be neglected because of its high incidence of many kinds of associated injuries so its delayed treatment sometimes gives bad and unpredictable results. Although open reduction and internal fixation has been accepted as the treatment of choice for displaced intra-articular fractures in many anatomical regions, there has been no definite treatment principles of surgical indications and approaches in the glenohumeral joint. At our institution, II displaced intra-articular fractures of the glenohumeral joint were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from March 1993 to February 1997. This paper reports the results of treating 11 displaced intra­articular fractures of the glenoid by open reduction and internal fixation. There were 10 men and one woman and the fractures were classified according to Ideberg : Type Ⅰa(4), Type Ⅱ(3), Type Ⅲ(1), Type IV(1), Type Va(1), and Type Vc(1).

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2005

Purpose: We report the radiologic and the clinical results for surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures involving the subtalar joint. Methods: We evaluated the findings of radiographs and computed tomographs of 39 patients (40 cases) with intra-articular calcaneal fractures. The fractures were treated with open reduction via an extended lateral approach and internal fixation using a plate. We assessed the radiologic results, such as the $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle, the Gissane angle, and the height/width ratio. We assessed the clinical results based on the critieria of Salama et al. Results: According to the Essex-Lopresti classification, 9 cases were classified as tongue type and 31 cases as joint depression type. According to the Sanders classification, 10 cases were classified as type IIA, 4 cases as IIB, 16 cases as IIIAB, 4 cases as IIIAC, and 6 cases as type IV. The mean preoperative $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle was 7.7, the mean postoperative $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle was 21.1, and the mean last follow-up $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle was 16.8. Clinical results classified as 10 excellent, 13 good, 11 fair, and 6 poor. Conclusion: In the treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, open reduction via an extended lateral approach seems to be a useful method in that it can provide direct exposure of the subtalar joint with little morbidity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2020

Background: Intra-articular distal humeral fractures can be surgically challenging. It remains under discussion whether open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is more beneficial for treatment of the elderly. This study aimed to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of ORIF and TEA for managing intra-articular distal humerus fractures in patients aged 65 years or older. Methods: Patients who underwent ORIF (n=28) or TEA (n=43) for in intra-articular distal humerus fracture between May 2008 and December 2018 were reviewed. Range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, radiologic outcomes, and surgical complications were evaluated at the final follow-up visit. Results: The ORIF and TEA groups showed a mean arc of flexion-extension of 97°±21° and 101°±12°, respectively. The mean MEPS and DASH scores were 94±15 and 27±12 points, respectively, in the ORIF group and 81±27 and 47±28 points in the TEA group. This difference was statistically significant. The incidence of total complications was similar between the groups. Conclusions: In patients older than 65 years with intra-articular distal humerus fracture, ORIF had better outcomes than TEA.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Purpose: Bone grafting is often necessary to maintain a reduction and prevent delayed collapse of reduced fracture in a treatment of severely displaced comminuted intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Herein, we analyzed the usefulness and necessary conditions to perform tricortical-allobone grafting in open reduction of calcaneal fracture via the Ollier approach. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 57 intra-articular calcaneal fractures that underwent an operation via the Ollier approach between April 2009 and April 2015. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=17) included those with tricortical-allobone grafts underneath the posterior facet fragment, and group 2 (n=40) included cases without a bone graft. We measured the $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle, Gissane angle, height, and width of the calcaneus at preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up radiograph. We measured the sagittal rotational angle of the posterior facet fragment of preoperative computed tomography to analyze the effect and necessary conditions for bone grafting. We also reviewed the clinical results by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale, visual analogue scale (VAS), and any complications. Results: According to the Sanders classification, there were 3 type-II fractures, 12 type-III fractures, and 2 type-IV fractures in Group 1; whereas in Group 2, there were 26 type-II fractures, 13 type-III fractures, and 1 type-IV fracture (p=0.002). Regarding the preoperative radiologic parameters, there were significant differences in the $B{\ddot{o}}hler$ angle (p=0.006), Gissane angle (p=0.043), and rotational angle of the posterior facet fragment (p=0.001). No significant difference was observed in the preoperative calcaneal height and width, as well as postoperative radiologic parameters. There was no significant clinical difference between the two groups (p=0.546). Conclusion: We suggest that a tricortical-allobone graft may be useful in open reduction and screw fixation via the Ollier approach for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture with a bony defect after reduction of collapsed posterior facet fragment. This graft can contribute to the stable reduction via a small approach, even without a plate.