• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in suckling piglets by oral administration of IgY. Twenty piglets were divided into two groups with the same number: group I (treated with IgY) and group II (not treated). Group I was administerd orally with IgY for three days from one-day-old and experimentally challenged with PEDV and TGEV at four-day-old. The other was administered with saline solution and challenged with PEDV and TGEV at four-day-old. Serum antibody titers against PEDV and TGEV were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the detection of PEDV or TGEV antigen from feces and small intestines was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The antibody titers of the group I was higher than that of the other, and lasted at the end of experiment. In the detection tests of both virus from feces and small intestine, the rate of the group I was lower. Based on these results, oral administration of IgY may be effective to prevent the diarrhea caused by PEDV and TGEV.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1141-1146
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• 2005

A trial was conducted to evaluate the level of wheat substituted for corn in a traditional corn-soy diet and the xylanase supplementation effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestion of broiler chickens. This experiment was a randomized design with a 4${\times}$2 factorial arrangement with four levels of wheat substitution and two levels of enzyme inclusion in the diet. Wheat replaced 0, 25, 50 or 100% corn with or without 1 g/kg xylanase supplementation in iso-nitrogenous and iso-calorific experimental diets. The results showed that in the growing period, broilers attained the highest (p<0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and relative small intestine weight when wheat was substituted at 25% for corn. The relative caecum weight increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing levels of wheat substitution for corn. However, during the finishing period and entire experimental period from 0 to 6 weeks, no significant difference was shown in the growth performance among all treatments. Xylanase inclusion significantly improved the body weight gain, fat availability (p<0.01) and diet metabolisable energy (p<0.1) but decreased (p<0.05) the relative GI tract weight during the growing period. The digesta viscosity of 6-week old broilers was also decreased (p<0.05). It appears that wheat substituted for corn did not affect the growth performance, nutrient digestion, and the digesta viscosity of chickens. It is acceptable to completely substitute wheat for corn. Xylanase supplementation improved performance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.493-497
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amlodipine on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin after oral and intravenous administration of warfarin in rats. Warfarin was administered orally (0.2 mg/kg) or intravenously (0.05 mg/kg) without or with oral administration of amlodipine (0.1 or 0.4 mg/kg) in rats. The effect of amlodipine on the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as well as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity was also evaluated. Amlodipine inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity with 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 9.1 ${\mu}M$. Compared to those animals in the oral control group (warfarin without amlodipine), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of warfarin was significantly greater (0.1 mg/kg, p<0.05; 0.4 mg/kg, p<0.01) by 26.5-53.5%, and the peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) was significantly higher (0.4 mg/kg, p<0.05) by 26.2% after oral administration of warfarin with amlodipine, respectively. Consequently, the relative bioavailability of warfarin increased by 1.26- to 1.53-fold and the absolute bioavailability of warfarin with amlodipine was significantly greater by 61.7-72.5% compared to that in the control group (47.4%). In contrast, amlodipine had no effect on any pharmacokinetic parameters of warfarin given intravenously. Therefore, the enhanced oral bioavailability of warfarin may be due to inhibition of CYP 3A4-mediated metabolism in the intestine and/or liver rather than renal elimination and P-gp by amlodipine.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

The present study was aimed at investigating the nutritional and physiological significance of rice bran as a source of dietary fiber as compared to pectin and wheat bran. The parameters for comparison included hypertrophy and morphology of intestines, stool weights and villus marker enzyme activity. For 6 weeks, 10 Sprague Dawley male rats were given one of six experimental diets: 1% cellulose control (CC), 5% pectin (P5), 5% rice bran(RB5), 10% rice bran(RB10), 5% wheat bran (WB5) or 10% wheat bran (WB10) based on the level of dietary fiber. Among experimental groups, food efficiency ratio and body weight gain was comparable. RB10 increased cecal and colonic tissue weights and content weights of cecum and colon as much as P5 did. Stool weight was positiviely correlated with colonic tissue weight (r=0.727, P<0.001), with colonic content weight(r=0.647, P<0.001). Small intestine length increased most in the P5 group, followed by the RB10 group. The scanning electron micrograph of jejunal villi from rice bran groups showed a leaf-shaped, smooth and regular pattern, whereas that of CC group produced a rather long shape. The wheat bran groups showed an irregular leafshaped pattern, and the pectin group typically produced leaf-shaped villi with surface damage. The activities of villus marker enzymes (maltase and sucrase) were higher in the bran-fed rats than in the control or pectin-fed rats. The results indicate than not only dietary fiber amounts but also fiber sources are closely related to the physiology and morphology of the large and small intestines in rats. Rice bran exerted effects on fecal output and trophic effects on the intestines similar to those of pectin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1015-1022
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity and morphological exchange of liver in rats fed high fat diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly divided into four groups, two normal diets and two high fat diets containing 1% cholesterol and 10% lard. Two normal diets were classified into a basal diet (normal group) and 10% xylooligosaccharide diet (NX group). The high fat diet groups were classified into a HF group without xylooligosaccharides diet and HFX group supplemented 10% xylooligosacchride diet. Experimental diets were fed ad libidum to the rats for 4 weeks and then they were sacrificed. The body weight of high fat diet (HF group) was increased more than that of normal group, but it was significantly decreased by xylooligosacchrides supplementation. The food intake was not significantly different among the all groups. The weight of liver, small intestine and cecum of all xylooligosaccharide supplemented groups were significantly heavier than those of normal and HF groups. The activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, a rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, in xylooligosaccharide supplemented groups was higher than that of HF group. Light micrographs revealed that the structures of hepatocytes in xylooligosaccharide supplemented groups were preserved well, compared to HF group. The xylooligosaccharide supplementation exerted a lipid-lowering action by decreasing cholesterol and triglycerides contents in hepatic tissue. In conclusion, the activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and damage of liver in rats fed high fat diets were improved by dietary xylooligosaccharides.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng Meyer) is a widely used medicinal herb known to exert various immune modulatory functions. KRG and one of its purified components, ginsenoside Rg3, are known to possess anti-inflammatory activities. How they impact helper T cell-mediated responses is not fully explored. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of KRG extract (KRGE) and ginsenoside Rg3 on Th1 cell responses. Methods: Using well-characterized T cell in vitro differentiation systems, we examined the effects of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on the Th1-inducing cytokine production from dendritic cells (DC) and the naïve $CD4^+$ T cells differentiation to Th1 cells. Furthermore, we examined the change of Th1 cell population in the intestine after treatment of enhanced Rg3. The influence of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on Th1 cell differentiation was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: KRGE significantly inhibited the production level of IL-12 from DCs and subsequent Th1 cell differentiation. Similarly, enhanced Rg3 significantly suppressed the expression of interferon gamma ($IFN{\gamma}$) and T-bet in T cells under Th1-skewing condition. Consistent with these effects in vitro, oral administration of enhanced Rg3 suppressed the frequency of Th1 cells in the Peyer's patch and lamina propria cells in vivo. Conclusion: Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates the differentiation of Th1 cell in vitro and Th1 cell responses in the gut in vivo, providing fundamental basis for the use of this agent to treat Th1-related diseases.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 강력한 항산화제로 알려진 셀레늄의 방사선방호효과를 연구하였다. 렛드에 셀레늄을 14일간 경구투여 후 10 Gy의 방사선을 전신조사하였다. 그리고 1일, 3.5일, 7일, 21일 후에 혈구 성분 및 SOD(Superoxide Dismutase)와 소장의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방사선조사군에 비해 셀레늄 투여 후 방사선조사군에서 조혈면역계의 손상을 경감시키는 유의한 방호 효과가 있었다(p<0.05). 그리고 셀레늄이 항산화 효소인 Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)의 활성을 증가시키는 유효한 성분이며, 방사선 조사에 의한 소장움 세포의 apoptosis 발현을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 셀레늄은 방사선으로부터 생명체를 보호하는 필수 성분이라 생각한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Objectives : In this study, the inhibitory activities of Korean Medicine against pancreatic lipase in vitro and biochemical analyses in vivo were measured to determine its possibility as a well-matched sauce material with chicken. Methods : The inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase enzyme of 11 samples were evaluated in vitro and then 5 samples were selected. The activity of pancreatic lipase was investigated using orlistat as a positive control. Animals were divided into eight groups (n=7). The experimental groups except for normal group were fed 60% high-fat diet for 7 days. 5 samples were orally administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight and orlistat were orally administrated at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Biochemical anaylses of 5 samples were executed based on lipid parameters analysis. Results : Korean Medicines with an $IC_{50}$ of below 1 mg/kg were Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Theae Folium Coptidis Radix, and Mori Cortex Radicis. Body weight change of Mori Cortex Radicis reduced significantly, however fecal triglyceride couldn't regulate effectively. The most excellent inhibitory effect of pancreatic lipase showed in Scutellariae Radix treatment and also regulated significantly serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Moreover, the supplementation of Coptidis Radix excreted meaningfully triglyceride to fece. Conclusions : In conclusion, Coptidis Radix may exert anti-obesity effect by directly inhibiting pancreatic lipase, which would prevent the absorption of lipid from the small intestine. Besides, Mori Cortex Radicis may led to the decrease of the body weight via the different pathway.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes and diabetesrelated diseases. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid derivative that produces dietary fiber by anaerobic bacterial fermentation in the large intestine and occurs in foods, such as Parmesan cheese and butter. Butyrate has been shown to prevent obesity, improve insulin sensitivity, and ameliorate dyslipidemia in diet-induced obese mice. Therefore, this study examined the effects and mechanism of NaB on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by high glucose (HG) in THP-1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: THP-1 cells were used as an in vitro model for HG-induced inflammation. The cells were cultured under normal glycemic or hyperglycemic conditions with or without NaB (0-25 μM). Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, acetylated p65, acetyl CREB-binding protein/p300 (CBP/p300), and p300 using THP-1 cells. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion activity were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: HG significantly upregulated histone acetylation, acetylation levels of p300, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory cytokine release in THP-1 cells. Conversely, the NaB treatment reduced cytokine release and NF-κB activation in HG-treated cells. It also significantly reduced p65 acetylation, CBP/p300 HAT activity, and CBP/p300 gene expression. In addition, NaB decreased the interaction of p300 in acetylated NF-κB and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NaB suppresses HG-induced inflammatory cytokine production through HAT/HDAC regulation in monocytes. NaB has the potential for preventing and treating diabetes and its related complications.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

We evaluated the effects of prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharides, Mos) and probiotic diet supplements on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant activity, and intestinal changes in the microbial flora of red seabream Pagrus major. A basal diet (Con) was formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of red seabream. The dietary starch in Con was replaced with 0.6% Mos, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and probiotic mixture (labeled as Mos, Pro-LP, Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix, respectively). We stocked 450 fish in 18 polypropylene tanks (400 L) in triplicate groups per dietary treatment. The fish were fed one of the diets twice (08:30, 18:30 h) a day for 63 days. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in all the supplemented groups than that of the Con group. The immunoglobulin level of Pro-Mix, anti-protease activity of Pro-BL, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups were significantly higher than those of the Con group. The ratio of total Vibrio/heterotrophic marine bacteria counts was significantly lower in Pro-LP, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups than that of the Con group. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Mos and probiotics to improves immune response and antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibits Vibrio bacteria in the intestine.