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Study on "Four Tantras", the Prime Textbook of Tibetan Medicine (티벳의학에 대한 연구 - "사부의전(四部醫典).근본의전(根本醫典)"을 중심으로)

  • Chang, Eun-Young;Yun, Chang-Yul
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.416-512
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    • 1998
  • The following conclusions are obtained from the studies on the chapters concerning phisiology, pathology, daily conduct, materia medica, pulse, and urinalysis from , of the "Four Tantras". 1. The theoretical basis forming the Tibetan Medicine is the substance of phlegm, bile, and wind each of which is divided into five kinds. These phisiological substances can be transformed into pathological factors when certain environment is formed. 2. In embryology, the semen of the father and menstral blood of mother is considered the most important condition in conception, and the Five factors are regarded as important. There is a detailed explanation of development of the fetus while it stays in the womb of mother during 38weeks, such as the formation of the viscera, channels, sense organs, etc. 3. There is metaphor which compares the human body with the king's palace. With the development of human anatomy, there is the detailed anatomical picture of anterior and posterior aspects of human body. And also there is the measurement of physiological constitution and the three fluids. 4. In division of the channels, they concerned the now of the blood and distribution of the nerve fibers, and each channel is connected with one another. The division of the cannel is namely embryonic channel, channel of existence, channel of connection, and the course of life principle. 5. The seven bodily constituents and three factors of phlegm, bile, and wind are important in sustaining the life of human body as well as growth and maturization, and when their equilibrium is broken, the human body is degnerated, and finally death comes. 6. The signs of death is divided into distant sign, remote sign, certain sign. and uncertain sign, and is used as a clue in diagnosis of the disease. Especially there is a mention about the mechanism of the dreams, and different dreams according to the condition of the patient. 7. In pathology, there is the cause of the disease, the environmental factors which can induce disease, the path by which disease come into the human body, the characteristics of the disease, and the kinds of disease. 8. There is a mention about the conduct, and it is divided into the daily conduct, the mental attitude, and the side-effects which can occur when one puts up with the physiological actions of the body. 9. The daily diet is divided into food and beverage. The food is divided again into grain, meat, fat, boiled food, and spiced food, and the beverage into milk, water, and wine. 10. The pulsation should be taken in lift hand to diagnose heart, small intestine, stomach, spleen, kidney, reproductive organ, and in right hand jungs, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, kidney, and bladder. In the healthy person, the pulse moves 5times in one perspiration, and the type of pulse is constant while the pulse moves 100times. But unhealthy person's pulse is different from this. The urinalysis is the unique part of Tibetan Medicine, and is important in examination of the disease. One should decide which of the three factors are dominant by the obervation of the color, amount of the steam and how long it lasts, odour, foam, and the shape of the swirl in three different states when the urine is hot, warm, and cold. One can determine the life of the patient and which viscera is the cause of the disease by the pulse, and whether the nature of the disease is hot or cold by the urinalysis. 11. The materia medica contains gemstones, minerals, plateau medication, and meat products.

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Study on the Acupuncture in Hyungsang (형장침법 연구)

  • Kang Kyung Hwa;Kim Kyung Chul;Baik Geun Gi;Lee Yong Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.1157-1176
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    • 2003
  • The following conclusions are induced from a study on the acupuncture therapy depending on hyungsang of the persons. The study is made on the basis of 'Internal classic (內經)& and &Clinical Lectures by Dr. Jeesan&. The acupuncture originated from the treatment of spasm with numbness in the southern area. The acupuncture is basically a remedy for the exterior disease of meridian but also it can be a cure for the interior disease of Jang and obstinate disease with accurate method. Three mechanisms of acupuncture are described in 'Internal classic'. The first is to make meridian circulate smoothly. The second is to regulate Ki and Hyul. The third is to regulate points through which the meridian-Ki goes in and out smoothly or adversely. There are two ways of acupuncture in 'Internal classic'. One is based on pulse and symptom and the other on the Hyungsang. The former is more generally used therapy, to which depletion method, Asi point method(阿是穴 療法), Inyoung-kigu pulse comparison method (人迎氣口脈法) and method depending on jang-bu disease belong. Acupuncture is done on Su points(輸穴) and back-su point(背兪穴) in case of jang-disease. In case of bu-disease, the treatment is done on Hap points(合穴) and Mo-points(募穴). The latter includes two methods; one according to invariable Hyungsang. And the other to variable Hyungsang. The method of acupuncture according to invariable Hyungsang usually selects Won-points(原穴). Different Hyungsang requires different method of acupuncture; In case of Dam type, the acupuncture is mainly practiced on four-Kwan points with reinforcing and reducing methods achieved by the direction of the needle tip pointing to. In case of Bangkwang type, the acupuncture is usually done on Jungwan(中脘) and Poongyung(豊隆) with reinforcing and reducing methods by means of respiration. In case of female, more effective are the acupoints on the right and lateral parts of the body selected on the basis of five su-points of the twelve meridians matching the heavenly stems and earthly branches. In case of male, more effective are the acupoints on the left, front and rear parts of the eight extra meridians. In case of acupuncture to the person with Hyungsang of five jang and six bu, each person's intrinsic Hyung, color, pulse, must be observed. Because symptoms of jang-bu disease also must be checked up. Acupuncture is done on the Won-points of the meridians related to the jang and bu where the disease starts. The disease of five jang is so obstinate that it requires both of medication and acupuncture for a long time. In case of acupuncture to the person with Hyungsang of animal types, diagnosis is made on the basis of shape, temper, function and color. And the treatment is given on the Won-points of corresponding exterior and interior meridians. For the fish type, the acupuncture is done on the kidney meridian of foot-soyin and the urinary bladder of foot-taiyang. For the bird type, on the heart meridian of hand-soyin, the pericardium meridian of hand-gualyin, and the small intestine meridian of hand-taiyang For the deer type, on the liver meridian of foot-gualyin and the gallbladder meridian of foot-soyang. For the turtle type, on the lung meridian of hand-taiyin and the large intestine meridian of hand-yangmyung.

Evaluation of Standardized Uptake Value applying Prompt Gamma Correction on 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT Image (68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT에서 Prompt Gamma Correction을 적용한 SUV의 평가)

  • Yoon, Seok Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2018
  • $^{68}Ga$ was eluted from a $^{68}Ge/^{68}Ga$ radionuclide generator. $^{68}Ga$ decays into $^{68}Zn$, with a half life=67.8min. The decay is 88.9 % by ${\beta}$+ and 11.1 % by EC. The main ${\beta}$+ decay (87.7 %) is to the ground level of $^{68}Zn$ and it is a pure positron emission branch. A small fraction decays ${\beta}$+ (1.2 %) into an excited level of $^{68}Zn$, which promptly decays into the ground level with a ${\gamma}$ (1.077 Mev). This can constitute prompt gamma contamination in the PET data, if the 1.077 Mev ${\gamma}$ has a scatter interaction in the patient, and generates a lower energy ${\gamma}$ in coincidence with the positron annihilation pair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate standardized uptake value(SUV) before and after applying prompt gamma rays correction on $^{68}Ga$-DOTATOC PET/CT image. Fifty patient underwent PET/CT 1 hour after injection of the $^{68}Ga$-DOTATOC. The SUVmax and SUVmean of lesions and normal tissues (Pituitary, Lung, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Intestine) were evaluated before and after applying prompt gamma correction on $^{68}Ga$-DOTATOC PET/CT image. Additionally, the SUVmax of each lesions and SUVmean of the soft tissues were measured on images. and target to background ratios (TBR) were calculated as quantitative indices. Among 15 patients, 25 of lesions (Pancreas, Liver, Thoracic Spine, Brain) with increased uptake on $^{68}Ga$-DOTATOC PET/CT image. SUVmax and SUVmean were increased in lesion site and normal tissue after prompt gamma rays correction. TBR was $51.51{\pm}49.28$ and $55.50{\pm}53.12$ before and after prompt gamma rays correction, respectively. (p<0.0001)

Study on body measurement of fetuses and neonates in Korean native goats (한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)의 태아(胎兒) 및 신생자(新生仔)의 체적측정치(體尺測定値)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Chong-sup;Choe, Sang-yong;Chung, Hyon-sik;Kim, Taeg-seog
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.213-219
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    • 1988
  • The measurement was investigated with 18 heads of fetus(60, 90, 120 days of gestation) and neonate in Korean native goats. The results were summerized as follows: 1. The crown-rump length of fetuses at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 8.71, 20.83, 31.10 and 34.93 cm, respectively. 2. The length of small intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 32.28, 157.10, 303.52 and 457.06 cm, respectively. 3. The length of large intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 9.20, 37.70, 82.06 and 94.46 cm, respectively. 4. The ratio of intestinal length to crown-rump length at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 4.76, 9.45, 12.40 and 15.79 times, respectively. 5. At 60 days of gestation, the total length of the vertebral column was $7.40{\pm}0.72cm$, The mean length of each segment of the vertebral column was $1.55{\pm}0.20cm$ in cervical, $2.29{\pm}0.21cm$ in thoracic, $1.46{\pm}0.10cm$ in lumbar, $0.51{\pm}0.04cm$ in sacral and $1.59{\pm}0.17cm$ in coccygeal vertebrae. 6. At 90 days of gestation, the total length of the vertebral column was $16.52{\pm}0.80cm$. The mean length of each segment of the vertebral column was $3.72{\pm}0.12cm$ in cervical, $5.09{\pm}0.26cm$ in thoracic, $3.22{\pm}0.04cm$ in lumbar, $1.97{\pm}0.03cm$ in sacral and $2.64{\pm}0.35cm$ in coccygeal vertebrae. 7. At 120 days of gestation, the total length of the vertebral column was $26.35{\pm}0.34cm$. The mean length of each segment of the vertebral column was $6.09{\pm}0.16cm$ in cervical, $7.81{\pm}0.07cm$ in thoracic, $5.08{\pm}0.07cm$ in lumbar, $3.07{\pm}0.02cm$ in and $4.31{\pm}0.02cm$ in coccygeal vertebrae. 8. In the neonate, the total length of the vertebral column was $32.41{\pm}1.57cm$. The mean length of each segment of vertebral was $7.70{\pm}0.25cm$ in cervical, $9.97{\pm}0.68cm$ in thoracic, $5.58{\pm}0.44cm$ in lumbar, $3.85{\pm}0.15cm$ in sacral and $5.05{\pm}0.06cm$ coccygeal vertebrae. 9. The chest girth at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was $6.13{\pm}0.51$, $13.45{\pm}0.84$, $20.28{\pm}1.53$ and $22.94{\pm}1.75cm$, respectively. 10. The head length at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was $2.93{\pm}0.07$, $6.67{\pm}0.13$, $8.84{\pm}0.51$ and $9.76{\pm}0.44cm$, respectively. 11. The width of the head at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was $2.20{\pm}0.13$, $4.45{\pm}0.11$, $5.33{\pm}0.20$ and $5.51{\pm}0.32cm$, respectively.

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The E-mail Survey on the Neck Pain for Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Guideline (경항통에 관한 침구임상 진료지침 개발을 위한 전자우편 설문조사)

  • Kim, Hyun-Wook;Kim, Sung-Soo;Nam, Dong-Woo;Kim, Eun-Jung;Hong, Kwon-Eui;Kim, Sung-Chul;Kim, Sun-Woong;Lee, Jae-Dong;Kim, Kap-Sung;Lee, Geon-Mok
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.67-80
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    • 2009
  • Objectives : The purpose of this survey is the development on the neck pain for acupuncture and moxibustion clinical guideline. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results and Conclusions : 1. The first selected pattern identification on the neck pain This study shows that the meridian pattern identification was selected 35 times(61.4%), the pattern identification based on cause of disease was selected 8 times(14.0%), the visceral pattern identification was selected 7 times(12.3%), the other pattern identification was selected 4 times(7.0%), Qi blood yin yang pattern identification was selected 2 times(3.5%), according to symptoms was selected 1 time(2.4%). 2. Meridian pattern identification Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang was used 39 times(18.1%), Large intestine meridian of hand Yangmyeong and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang was used 34 times(15.7%), Gall-bladder meridian of foot Soyang was 32 times(14.8%), Tripple energizer meridian of hand Soyang was used 31 times(14.4%), Governor meridian was used 30 times(13.9%), Lung meridian of hand Taeeum was used 8 times(3.7%), Heart meridian of hand Soeum and Pericarduim meridian of hand Gworeum was used 4 times(1.9%). 3. Pattern identification based on cause of disease Wind-Cold-Dampness was used 31 times(17.5%), Accumulation of the collateral by Phelgm-Dampness was used 16 times(14.0%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Cold(stiff neck, sprain of cervical) was used 13 times (11.4%), Defecient-Cold was used 10 times(8.8%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness was used 9 times(7.9%), Deep Invasion by Wind-Cold was used 8 times(7.0%), Wind-Cold was used 7 times (6.1%), Wind-Cold was used 6 times(5.3%), Accumulation in the Center by Phelgm-Dampness, Imparement of bou fluid by Pathogenic Heat, Wind-Heat with Dampness was used 5 times(4.4%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness and Accumulation of the collateral by Wind-Cold was used 4 times(3.5%), Invasion of Dampness-Heat was used 2 times(1.8%). 4. Visceral pattern identification Rising of the Liver yang was used 16 times(41%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney+pathogens was used 15 times(38.5%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney was used 8 times(20.5%) on this survey.

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Studies on the phrases of Yellow Emperor's internal classic(黃帝內經) for the physiology on the spleen and stomach (비위생리(脾胃生理)에 수용(授用)되는 황제내경(黃帝內經) 어구(語句)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Won, Jin-Hui
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.16 no.2 s.30
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    • pp.453-489
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    • 1995
  • The research of the phrases related with physiology of stomach and spleen in the contents of Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經) known as the Bible of oriental medicine will make a contribution to a deep understanding of disease of stomach and spleen and a proper clinical diagnosis and treatment of them. In this research of the most appropriate glosses recorded nine kinds of representative medical books including Huang Di Nei Jing Somoon(黃帝內經素問) of Wang Bing(王氷) were picked out: The summaries of the selected contents are as follows: 1. The word 'saliva(涎)' in 'the spleen controls saliva(脾爲涎)' can be viewed as a generic term referring to oral cavity secretion gland as well as the secretion fluid of salivary gland. 2. The phases 'a large reservoir(太倉)', barn organs', 'a reserboir of food stuff', 'a stomach as the market(胃爲之市)', etc mean the function of stomach to receive food(胃主受納). 3. The phase 'generation of five tastes(五味出焉)' means both 'the function of stomach to transform food into chyme(胃主腐熟)' and 'the channelling function of spleen.(脾主運化)' 4. The flowing of the food-Qi(食氣) into stomach brings about spreading Jung(精) into liver and then percolating Jung(精) flow into channel. The channel-Qi(脈氣) flows into lung through channel. As a result, all kinds of channels gather together in lung and Jung(精) is sent into skin and hair. The assembly of Jung(精) with skins and channels moves Qi(氣) into fu-organ and so jung(精) and mental activity(神明) in fu-organ(府) come to be in four organs(四臟). Then if Qi(氣) comes back to power balance unit(權衡) being in the state of equilibrium(權衡以平), the hole of Qi(氣口) comes to determine the matter of life and death through achieving Chun-quan-chi(-寸-關-尺). The above mentioned phrases means the digestion, asorption and transmission of food. When food is taken in stomach, Jung-Qi(精氣) comes to be over flowed upward into spleen, back into lung, finally downward into bladders through water-conduit(水道) controlled by lung. When water- Jung(水精) radiates into whole body with channels of five organs(五臟), both of them fit together with and yin-yang(陰-陽). Therefore, the grasping of the rise and decline of yin-yang(陰C-陽) is necessary to consult patients. The above mentioned phrases is properly viewed to designate the asorption, transmission and excretion of food. 5. Spleen controls flesh(脾之合肉也), the state of spleen is known by human lips, and what this means is that liver plays functions of spread and expansion(肝主疏泄). 6. The phrase 'Jung Jung'((中精)) in 'gallbladder dominates Jung jung(膽主中精)', which in one of the specific expression of 'liver plays functions of spread and expansion(肝主疏泄). 7. It is right that the phase 'The eleven organs in all are determined by gallbladder'(凡十,一臟取決於膽也) is correctly paraphrased as 'only one of ten organs, spleen, is determined by gallbladder'.(凡十,一臟取決於膽也), 8. The small intestine is an organ. which receives the materials digested and sends them out. This means that the function of transforming materials(化物) factually refers to that of separating clearity and blur(泌別淸濁). And it is also thought to have the function of ascending clearity and descending blur(升淸降濁), 9. A large intestine is a transmitting organ(傳導之官) from which a change comes out(變化出焉). the phrase 'change'(變化) in this sentence means both the intake of water and nutrition and the formation procedure of stool through excretion of mucocele.

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Effects of Green Tea Extract on Intestinal Mucosal Esterification of $^{14}C$-Oleic Acid in Rats (녹차 추출물이 흰쥐 소장세포의 지방 에스테르화 과정에 미치는 영향)

  • Seo, Yun-Jung;Noh, Sang-K.
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.450-455
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    • 2008
  • Previously, we have shown that green tea extract lowers the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, fat, and other fat-soluble compounds. We conducted this study to determine whether green tea extract affects the rate of $^{14}C$-oleic acid esterification into various lipids in the intestinal mucosa of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley ruts were had free access to a nutritionally adequate AIN-93G diet and deionized water. Initially, the rat's mucosal content of total lipids was measured following 1 mL olive oil administration with (green tea group) or without (control group) 100 mg green tea extract powder. At 1 h and 5 h, intestinal segments were extracted for total lipid analysis. Secondly, to measure mucosal esterification rates of lipids, an abdominal incision was made along the midline, and a 10-cm long jejunal segment of the small intestine was ligated in situ. Then, micellar solutions with or without green tea extract were injected into the ligated jejunal segments and incubated for 10 mill. The micellar solution contained $200.0\;{\mu}$ Ci $^{14}C$-oleic acid, $200.1\;{\mu}mol$ unlabelled oleic acid, $66.7\;{\mu}mol$ 2-monooleoylglycerol, $66.7\;{\mu}mol$ palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 2.2 mmol glucose, $50.0\;{\mu}mol$ albumin, and 16.5 mmol Na-taurocholate per L of phosphate buffered saline (pH, 6.3) with or without 8.87 g green tea extract powder. At 10 min, each rat was sacrificed by cervical dislocation under anesthesia and the segment was removed for lipid analysis. Significant differences were observed in mucosal triglyceride content at 1 h and 5 h in ruts given green tea extract. Significant differences in the rate of $^{14}C$-oleic acid esterification into triglycerides and phospholipids fractions were observed between control and green tea groups. However, There were no significant differences in other lipid fractions. These results indicate that the lowered esterification rates of $^{14}C$-oleic acid into triglycerides and phospholipids fractions is attributable to presence of green tea extract. This may be associated with an inhibitory effect of green tea catechin on the mucosal processes of lipids, leading to the inhibition of intestinal absorption of lipids.

A Study on the twelve earthly branches' Yin Yang, Five elements, Six Qi, viscera combination, Mutual collision and Mutual combination. (십이지지(十二地支)의 음양(陰陽) 오행(五行) 육기(六氣) 장부(臟腑)의 배합(配合) 및 상충(相沖) 상합(相合)에 관한(關) 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, hung Joo;Jeon, yun ju;Yun, Chang-Yeol
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : Ten heavenly stems(10天干) and Twelve earthly branches(12地支) are symbols exposing change order in heaven and earth, and are a very important sign in studying oriental philosophy and oriental medicine. Especially, 10 heavenly stems(10天干) and 12 earthly branches(12地支) are indispensable for the study of Five Circuits And Six Qi(오운육기), and a deep study is needed. Methods : I have examined Yin Yang combination(음양배합), Five elements combination(오행배합), Six Qi 3Yin 3Yang combination(육기삼음삼양배합), viscera combination(장부배합), Mutual collision(상충), Six combination(육합), Three combination(삼합), etc. of 12 earthly branches(12지지) by referring to books such as "Yellow Emperor Internal Classic" ("黃帝內經") and "Principle of universe change" ("우주변화의 원리"). Results & Conclusions : Zi Yin Chen Wu Shen Xu(子 寅 辰 午 申 戌) become Yang(陽), Chou Mao Si Wei You Hai(丑 卯 巳 未 酉 亥) become Yin(陰), Zi Si Yin Mao Chen Si(子 丑 寅 卯 辰 巳) become Yang, and Wu Wei Shen You Xu Hai(午 未 申 酉 戌 亥) become Yin. Twelve earthly branches can be divided into five movements by its original meaning, where YinMao(인묘) is tree, SiWu(사오) is a fire, ShenYou(신유) is a gold, HaiZi(해자) is water, and ChenXuChouWei(진술축미) mediate in the middle of four movements So they become soil(土). SiHai(巳亥) is JueYin Wind Tree(궐음 풍목), ZiWu(子午) is ShaoYin Monarch Fire(소음 군화), ChouWei(丑未) is TaiYin Humid Soil(태음 습토), YinShen(寅申) is ShaoYang Ministerial Fire(소양 상화), MaoYou(卯酉) is YangMing Dry Gold(양명 조금), and ChenXu(辰戌) is TaiYang Cold Water(태양 한수). Viscera combination(장부배합) combines Zi(子) and Bile(膽), Chou(丑) and Liver(肝), Yin(寅) and Lung(肺), Mao(卯) and Large intestine(大腸), Chen(辰) and Stomach(胃), Si(巳) and Spleen(脾), Wu(午) and Heart(心), Wei(未) and Small intestine(小腸), Shen(申) and Bladder(膀胱), You(酉) and Kidney(腎), Xu(戌) and Pericardium(心包), Hai(亥) and Tri-energizer(三焦), Which means that the function of the viscera and channels is the most active at that time. Twelve earthly branches mutual collisions collide with Zi(子) and Wu(午), Chou(丑) and Wei(未), Yin(寅) and Shen(申), Mao(卯) and You(酉), Chen(辰) and Xu(戌), and Si(巳) and Hai(亥). The two colliding earthly branches are on opposite sides, facing each other and restricting each other by the relation of Yin-Yin and Yang-Yang it rejects each other so a collision occurs. Six Correspondences(六合) coincide with Zi(子) and Chou(丑), Yin(寅) and Hai (亥), Mao(卯) and Xu(戌), Chen(辰) and You(酉) and Si(巳) and Shen(申) Wu(午) and Wei(未). Three combination(三合) is composed of ShenZiChen(申子辰), SiYouChou(巳酉丑), YinWuXu(寅午戌), and HaiMaoWei(亥卯未). Three combination(三合) is composed of ShenZiChen(申子辰), SiYouChou(巳酉丑), YinWuXu(寅午戌), and HaiMaoWei(亥卯未). This is because the time Six Qi(六氣) shifts in these three years are the same.

Early Development of Digestive Organs, Intestinal Microvilli Digestive Enzymes, and Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes after Hatching in Korean Native Chicks (한국 재래계에서 초기 성장에 따른 소화기관 발달, 소장 미세융모의 소화 효소 및 간조직의 항산화 효소 발현)

  • Geun-Hui Nam;Young-Bin Lee;Sea-Hwan Sohn;In-Surk Jang
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2024
  • The study was conducted to examine age-related development of digestive organs, intestinal microvilli hydrolase, and hepatic antioxidant enzyme in Korean native chicks (KNC) aged from 0-d to 28-d of post-hatching. Body weight did not significantly increase from 0-d to 3-d-old, but after that remarkably increased from 3-d to 28-d-old (P<0.05). The relative weight (g/100 g of BW) of the proventriculus, gizzard, and liver was significantly higher at 3- and 7-d-old chicks than that of the other ages. The relative weight of the intestine, mucosal tissues, and pancreas was markedly developed at the ages of 3-, 14-, and (or) 21-d-old chicks (P<0.05). In the small intestine, the specific activities of maltase and sucrose were significantly higher at 14-d-old compared with the other ages (P<0.05). Leucine aminopeptidase activity showed a constant level from 0- to 28-d-old without significance. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher at 0-d-old compared with the other ages (P<0.05). In the liver, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase were shown to be lowest at 0-d-old, but they continued to increase as the age increased. The lipid peroxidation was significantly high at the age of 21-d (P<0.05), after that its level decreased at 28-d old. In conclusion, the KNC rapidly developed digestive organs and intestinal microvilli hydrolase activity from 3- to 14-d-old after hatching. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity continued to increase as the age increased after hatching, resulting in 28-d-old chicks showing the highest antioxidant enzyme activity in the KNC.

A Study on the Radioprotection Effect of Selenium and Arginine Mixtures for Reducing Radiation Damage to Police SOU (경찰특공대 요원의 방사선손상 감소를 위한 셀레늄과 아르기닌 혼합물의 방호효과 연구)

  • Geun-Woo Jeong;Hae-Suk Kim;Jae-Hyeong Park;Sung-Hyun Joo;Jae-Gyeong Choi;Se-Im Cheon;Byung-In Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.119-125
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    • 2024
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the radioprotection effect of mixtures of selenium and arginine for development of radioprotection agents that can minimize radiation damage to police special operation unit in the event of radioactive terrorism. In this study 72 male rats were classified into 4 groups: normal group(NC Group), selenium and arginine mixtures administration group(SeAr Group), radiation exposure group(IR Group), and selenium and arginine mixture administration group followed by radiation exposure(SeAr+IR Group). The 7Gy of X-ray was irradiated to whole body of SD rats. And selenium and arginine were dministered orally at 3mg/kg and 150mg/kg once a day for 14 days. And then hematological and histological analyzes were performed on days 1, 7, and 21 after radiation exposure. In hemotological analysis, significant radioprotection wes observed in lymphocytes(p<0.05) on day 1, platelet(p<0.01) on day 7, red blood cell(p<0.01) on day 21 of radiation exposure in SeAr+IR group compared to IR group. In histological analysis, it was observed that the border of small crypt cells in the small intestine was less collapsed and the length of small crypts was relatively recovered on day 7 and showed that the number of cells and cell wall thickness were better in the prostate on day 21 in SeAr+IR group compared to IR group. Therefore, it is judged that selenium and arginine mixtures have radioprotection effect on blood and tissues due to radiation exposure. it will be helpful for research on radioprotection agents to reduce radiation damage to police special operation unit.