• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1992

In order to obtain the information on the status of using university cafeteria and students' preferences, the survey was conducted through questionaires to 434 students(male:195, female : 239) of 8 universities - 2 universities employed dietitian and 6 universities which didn't employ dietitian -through all the area of Incheon from 19th November 1990 to 14th December, 1990. The results obtained were as follows. 1) For keeping temperature of meals until service to students Refrigerator or warming cabinet or putting meals on low flames were used, and the amount for one person was almost decided by rough estimation by experience. All the foods remained were discarded. Also most of the cooking manager's age were from 50 to 59 and almost cooking managers graduated middle school. The fuel to cook was gas or kerosene. Method to disinfect tableware was boiling. 2) In case of the frequency of using university cafeteria, male students used cafeteria more often than female students, and regardless of sex students made use of cafeteria for lunch more than for breakfast and supper. Students also used university cafeteria not employing dietitian more than cafeteria employing dietitian. Disregarding of male, female, cafeteria employing cafeteria not employing dietitian, all students pointed out that main reason for using cafeteria were 'low price' and 'no other place to eat' And minor reasons were ' good taste' and 'meal quality'. On the contrary, the case of not using cafeteria were 'waiting in line' to male students, 'poor taste' to female students, 'waiting in line' and 'no varieties' on the cafeteria which employed dietitian, 'poor taste' and 'poor hygienes' on the cafeteria which didn't employ dietitian. 3) Considering of the preferences of menu, both male and female students liked "Bibim Bab" And male students prefered meals which contained broth both but female students prefered a light meals. 4) the difference of preferences showed that female student's preferences were high at all foods, and the preferences of fruits were high for both students. In detail, male students liked port, liver and small intestine of cattle, oyster and beans boiled in soysauce. But female students likde milk, yogurt and cucumber.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1993

The Preventive effect of the saponin fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against hyperchole- sterolemia was demonstrated by assaying the cholesterol and triacylglyceride level of the blood serum and liver of rats fed high-cholesterol diet with and/or without ginsenoside. To understand the mechanism of the preventive action of ginsenoside, ginsenoside effect on LDL receptor binding ability, cholesterol level, and cAMP level of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultured under various conditions were examined. When LDL (20 $\mu$g/ml) was added to the culture medium for CHO cell culture, LDL receptor binding activity of the cell was suppressed down to 58% of that of normal group. Ginsenosides at 10--2% and 10-3% level (w/v) were shown to exert an appreciable stimulatory effect on CHO cell LDL receptor activity, which partially overcame the suppression due to the presence of LDL (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) in the medium. Ginsenosides also reduced the increased cholesterol level of test group almost to that of normal group, and it increased cAMP level, which was usually reduced to 55% of that of the normal group due to the presence of LDL in the medium. Comparison of Kd and Bmax value of CHO cells cultured under different conditions revealed that this stimulation was due not to the receptor's binding affinity but to its number. Addition of ginsenoside (10-2%) decreased the uptake of taurocholic acid as much as 20% at the actively transporting everted ileal sacs, but it failed to form a large mixed micelles with taurocholic acid, which was one of the proposed mechanisms by which ginsenoside inhibits bile acid reabsorption. From the above results, it seemed likely that ginsenoside prevented hypercholestrolemia by decreasing cholesterol level in cells thereby relieving the inhibition of LDL receptor synthesis by cholesterol and also by inhibiting bile acid reabsorption from the small intestine.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine (6 mg/kg) after oral administration of nifedipine with or without atorvastatin (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) in rats, and also was to evaluate to the effect of atorvastatin on the CYP3A4 activity. The 50% inhibiting concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of atorvastatin on CYP3A4 activity is 46.1 ${\mu}M$. Atorvastatin inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Coadministration of atorvastatin increased significantly (p<0.05, 2.0 mg/kg) the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak concentration ($C_{max}$) of nifedipine compared to the control group. The relative bioavailability (RB%) of nifedipine was increased from 1.15- to 1.37-fold. Coadministration of atorvastatin did not significantly change the terminal half-life ($T_{1/2}$) and the time to reach the peak concentration ($T_{max}$) of nifedipine. Based on these results, we can make a conclusion that the significant changes of these pharmacokinetic parameters might be due to atorvastatin, which possesses the potency to inhibit the metabolizing enzyme (CYP3A4) in the liver and intestinal mucosa, and also inhibit the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump in the intestinal mucosa. It might be suggested that atorvastatin altered disposition of nifedipine by inhibition of both the first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux pump in the small intestine of rats. In conclusion, the presence of atorvastatin significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of nifedipine, suggesting that concurrent use of atorvastatin with nifedipine should require close monitoring for potential drug interation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1030-1033
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• 2007

Following conclusions about Taeyang meridian and Taeyang type were obtained through studies with reference to the books of ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaegyung${\gg}$, and ${\ll}$Special Lectures of Master Jisan on Medical cases${\gg}$ . Park noticed that there was difference in the development of 12 meridians among the individuals and tried to apply it in the diagnosis and the treatment of the disease, thereby creating the theory of the six meridian types. The literal basis is assumed to a phrase in ${\ll}$YoungChu GyungMaek${\gg}$ , ‘人經不同 絡脈異所別也’. Taeyang meridian runs through the back of the human body. The concept of TaeYang includes surface, starting point, diffusion of Yang Gi, and emission. Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang manages the liquid and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang manages the muscle. There is much flow of blood and less of Gi in Taeyang meridian which makes the connection to hair, flesh, liquid, muscle and vessel. Taeyang conceals and condenses objects because it belongs to Hansu according to division of Six atmospheric influences and to the winter. The articulation is stiff and urination and elimination are abnormal when disease occurs in this meridian. The pathology of Taeyang meridian would be the invasion of outer filthy Gi affecting the Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang which then again makes Kidney meridian of foot Soeum sick. The two meridians compose the outer part and the inner part of th body. The bladder itself becomes sick sometimes. The condition of less Gi in Taeyang meridian can easily result in the shortage of Gi, and much blood makes the person to have a lofty ideal or to have capricious behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

To investigate whether hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) affects intestinal motility, pacemaker currents and membrane potential were recorded in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) from murine small intestine by using a whole-cell patch clamp. In whole cell patch technique at $30^{\circ}C$, ICC generated spontaneous pacemaker potential under current clamp mode(I=0) and inward currents(pacemaker currents) under voltage clamp mode at a holding potential of -70 mV. When ICC were treated with $H_2O_2$ in ICC, $H_2O_2$ hyperpolarized the membrane potential under currents clamp mode and decreased both the frequency and amplitude of pacemaker currents and increased the resting currents in outward direction under voltage clamp mode. Also, $H_2O_2$ inhibited the pacemaker currents in a dose-dependent manner. Because the properties of $H_2O_2$ action on pacemaker currents were same as the effects of pinacidil(ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels opener), we tested the effects of glibenclamide(ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels blocker) on $H_2O_2$ action in ICC, and found that the effects of $H_2O_2$ on pacemaker currents were blocked by co- or pre- treatment of glibenclamide. These results suggest that $H_2O_2$ inhibits pacemaker currents of ICC by activating ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 미역이나 다시마에 많이 분포하면서 항산화작용이 탁월한 알긴산올리고당의 방사선 방어효과를 알아보기 위해 3 Gy 방사선이 전신 1회 조사된 마우스를 가지고 IL-6을 측정하였다. 측정 결과 방사선조사대조군과 비교하여 볼 때 소장과 간 조직 모두 방사선조사 전 7일간 알긴산올리고당의 처치를 시행한 그룹에서 IL-6 생성이 억제됨을 관찰하였다(p < 0.001). 이는 알긴산올리고당이 항산화작용을 통해 방사선이 피폭된 생체조직을 방어함으로써 IL-6의 생성을 억제한 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로, 본 연구를 통해 알긴산올리고당의 일부 방사선 방어효과를 규명했고 아울러 화학적 독성이 없는 자연산생물이 방사선 방어제로 활용될 수 있을 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1985

The inhibitory action of oxymetazoline on the spontaneous movements of isolated intestinal strips of the rabbit and the effects of antagonists upon the oxymetazoline actions were assessed with recordings through both isometric and isotonic transducers, and comparisons were made between both methods of recording. There were significant differences between the slopes of regression equations calculated from log dose response curves of oxymetazoline obtained from jejunum and those from ileum. But no difference was noted between both recordings either through isotonic transducer or through isometric transducer. The $ID_{50}$ of oxymetazoline obtained from the recording through isotonic transducer was $6.31{\times}10^{-7}M$ in jejunum and $3.16{\times}10^{-8}M$ in ileum. The recording through isometric transducer gave the values of $5.01{\times}10^{-7}M$ in jejunum and $1.07{\times}10^{-8}M$ in ileum. The $pA_2$-values of prazosin to oxymetazoline calculated from the recording through isotonic transducer were 8.13 in jejunum and 8.31 in ileum and the recording through isometric transducer gave the values of 7.29 and 8.26 in jejunum and ileum, respectively. The $pA_2$-values of phentolamine to oxymetazoline obtained from the recording through isotonic transducer were 8.18 in Jejunum and 9.31 in ileum and those from the recording through isometric transducer were 7.75 and 8.13 in jejunum and ileum, respectively. These results indicate that there are no significant differences between recordings either through isotonic transducer or through isometric transducer in assessing inhibitory responses of intestinal movement to certain drugs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1991

1990연 6월부터 9월 사이에 강원도 횡성군의 백로 서식지에서 12마리의 중대백로를 포획하여 소장 내의 흡충류 감염 상태를 조사하고 아울러 검출된 흡충의 형태 특징을 관찰하여 종을 분류한 결과 5종의 흡충 Metagonimus sp. (67%), Centrocestus armntus(67%), Echinochasmus japonicus(50%), Strigea falconis(83%)와 Diplostomidae요(33%) 감염이 분류동정되었다. 이상의 결과로 중대백로는 인수공통기생충의 보유숙주로서 중요한 인체 기생충의 매개조류임을 알 수 있었다. Key words: Metagonimus sp., Centrocestus armatus, Echinochasmus iaponicus, Strigea falconis, Diplostomidae, Egrets, Hoengseong-gun (Kangwon Province)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 1991

섬진강 유역(경남 하동군)산 황어(Tribelodon taczanowskii)로부터 Metagonimus속 피낭유충을 다수 검출하고 실험적으로 흰쥐와 햄스터에 감염시킨 후 소장으로부터 성충을 얻어 관찰한 바 Saito(1984)의 분류에 따라 Metagonimus Yokogawa형 (M. yokogawai), Miyata형 및 Koga형 등 3가지로 나눌 수 있었다. 실험감염 결과, 흰쥐 4마리 및 햄스터 4마리로부터 Metagonimus 충체 총 1,624마리를 회수하였고 그 중 Yokogawa형은 820마리, Miynta형은 688마리, Koga형은 46마리이었다. 나머지 충체 70마리는 유형을 결정하기 어려웠다. Yokgawa형과 Miyata형의 주요 감별정은 두 고환의 위치, 자궁관의 분포 및 충란의 크기 등이었고, Miyata형과 Koga형의 감별점은 두 고환의 위치, 난환선의 분포, 충란의 크기 등이었다. 이들 유형 특히 Miyata 형의 별종 가능성에 대해서는 많은 증거가 얻어질 때까지 이를 유보해야 할 것으로 생각되고, Koga형은 중간숙주의 차이 이외에는 형태학적으로 Takahashi형 (M. takahashii)과 전혀 차이가 인정되지 않으므로 이와 동일한 것으로 취급하는 것이 옳을 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과로 섬진강산 황어에는 3가지 유형의 Metagonimus가 피낭하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2015

This study describes the first record of Globocephalus samoensis (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) recovered in wild boars from southwestern regions of Korea. Gastrointestinal tracts of 111 Korean wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus) hunted from mountains in Suncheon-si, Gwangyang-si, and Boseong-gun between 2009 and 2012 were examined for their visceral helminths. G. samoensis, as identified by morphological characteristics of the head and tail, were recovered from the small intestine of 51 (45.9%) wild boars. Worms were found from 7 of 28 wild boars (25.0%) from Suncheon-si, 40 of 79 (50.6%) from Gwangyang-si, and all 4 (100%) from Boseong-gun. The length of adult females was $7.2{\pm}0.5mm$, and the thickest part of the body measured the average $0.47{\pm}0.03mm$, while those of males were $6.52{\pm}0.19$ and $0.37{\pm}0.02mm$, respectively. The buccal cavity was equipped with a pair of large and bicuspid subventral lancets near the base of the capsule. The average length of spicules of males was $0.45{\pm}0.02mm$. By the present study, G. samoensis is recorded for the first time in southwestern regions of Korea. Additionally, morphological characteristics and identification keys provided in the present study will be helpful in the faunistic and taxonomic studies for strongylid nematodes in both domestic and wild pigs. The infection of G. samoensis apparently did not elicit pathologic lesions, as revealed by macroscopic observation during the autopsy of all wild boars in this study.