• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 1988

Regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in ten portions of the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native cattle were observed by immunocytochemical methods using specific antisera against chromogranin, serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP), motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP), neurotensin, secretin, gastrin and substance P. The results observed are summarized as follows: In the abomasum, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, motilin-, glucagon-, gastrin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were found. Chromogranin-and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the fundic region than pyloric region. Somatostatin- and gastrinimmunoreactive cells were numerous in the pyloric region than in the fundic region. In the small intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP-, motilin-, gastrin-, GIP-, neurotensin-, secretin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were detected. Chromogranin-, somatostatin-, GIP- and secretin-immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the duodenum, while BPP-, motilin-, glucagon-, neurotensin- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the small intestine. In the large intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed and most numerous in the rectum. Somatostatin-, glucagon- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the large intestine.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2005

I have come to next conclusions in consequence of documentary study about medical books of many generations regarding Medical treatment with Acupuncture Point of Flank pain. The urinary bladder channel of foot-taiyang is most used. Next there are the ren channel, the gall baldder channel of foot-shaoyang, the liver channel of foot-jueyin, the triple-warmer channel of hand-shaoyang, the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin, the stomach channel of foot-yangming, the spleen channel of foot-taiyin, the pericardium channel of hand-jueyin, the lung channel of hand-taiyin, the small intestine channel of hand-taiyang, the large intestine channel of hand-yangming, the heart channel of hand-shaoyin in the order of frequency in used channel among the twelve channels. The liver channel of foot-jueyin is most used. The gall baldder channel of foot-shaoyang, the urinary bladder channel of foot-taiyang, the triple-warmer channel of hand-shaoyang, the spleen channel of foot-taiyin, the stomach channel of foot-yangming, the ren channel, the small intestine channel of hand-taiyang, the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin, the pericardium channel of hand-jueyin, the large intestine channel of hand-yangming, the lung channel of hand-taiyin, the heart channel of hand-shaoyin in the order of frequency in used point among the twelve channels.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.62 no.6
• /
• pp.933-947
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to develop an effective heparin extraction method by using low-cost and highly effective enzymes from six pig by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine), and analyze their bioavailability. Low-cost and highly effective enzymes (alkaline-AK and papain) and a common enzyme (trypsin) were used for the heparin extraction. The angiotensin I- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the antimicrobial activity of extracted heparin were analyzed to verify their bioavailability. The average amount of heparin extracted per kilogram of pig by-products was 439 mg from the liver, 127 mg from the lung, 398 mg from the heart, 261 mg from the stomach, 197 mg from the small intestine, and 239 mg from the large intestine. Various enzymes were used to extract heparin, and the amount of extracted heparin was similar. Based on 1 g of pig by-product, the enzymes trypsin, papain, and alkaline-AK could extract 1,718 mg, 1,697 mg, and 1,905 mg of heparin, respectively. Heparin extracted from pig by-products showed antihypertensive activity and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at low populations. These results indicated that heparin can be obtained from pig by-products at a low cost.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2024

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to identify the anatomical correlates of the three Hand Yang meridians in the head (HYMH), i.e. the arteries of the head. Methods : The original text describing the HYMH in the Yellow Emperor's Inner Cannon is presented and translated into Korean. Anatomical literature related to the arteries of the head are reviewed to identify those that correspond to the HYMH. Results : Arteries corresponding to the HYMH are as follows: The Hand yangming large intestine meridian corresponds to the facial artery and the superior and inferior labial arteries. The Hand Taiyang small intestine meridian's first branch corresponds to the superficial temporal artery, the zygomatico-orbital artery, and the anterior auricular artery. The second branch corresponds to the transverse facial artery. The Hand Shaoyang triple energizer meridian's first branch corresponds to the posterior auricular artery, the superficial temporal artery, and the transverse facial artery. The second branch corresponds to the posterior auricular artery, the anterior auricular artery, and the zygomatico-orbital artery. Conclusions : The HYMH correspond as arteries, specifically branches of the external carotid artery. It is anticipated that arteries corresponding to other meridians in the head can also be identified.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.354-359
• /
• 2023

This case report describes the clinical presentation and successful surgical repair of a diaphragmatic hernia-related small intestinal strangulation in a neonatal foal. A nine-day-old foal presented with colic signs and respiratory distress. History taking showed that the dam of the foal experienced difficulty during delivery, and the owner assisted in delivery by pulling on the foal. Radiography and ultrasonography confirmed the diaphragmatic rent and the presence of a small intestine within the thoracic cavity. Surgical intervention was required to repair the diaphragmatic defect and address the intestinal strangulation. The diaphragm was reconstructed, and the nonviable incarcerated portion of the small intestine was resected and anastomosed using an end-to-end technique. This unusual case report provides insights into the surgical repair and outcomes of an acquired diaphragmatic hernia in a neonatal foal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2010

The effects of corticosterone (CORT) administration on the weight of small intestine and the expression of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were investigated. One hundred and eight sevenday-old birds were randomly divided into two equal groups comprising a control group (CTRL) and an experimental group (CORT). CTRL birds were fed a basal diet and the CORT birds were fed a basal diet containing 30 mg corticosterone/kg from d 8 to 21. At 21 d of age, average daily feed intake (ADFI), serum corticosterone level, small intestinal absolute wet weight and relative weight, and relative abundance of SGLT1, CaBP-D28k, PepT1 mRNA in the duodenum and L-FABP mRNA in the jejunum were determined. The results showed that serum corticosterone level, liver weight and small intestinal relative weight (small intestinal wet weight/body weight) of CORT chickens were about 30.15%, 26.72% and 42.20% higher, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05). CORT birds had relative mRNA abundance of CaBP-D28k and PepT1 in the duodenum, and L-FABP in the jejunum which was 1.77, 1.37 and 1.94 fold higher, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05); the relative abundance of SGLT1 was 1.67 fold higher than in the CTRL group (p = 0.097). ADFI, small intestinal wet weight and length in CORT-treated broiler chickens was about 29.11%, 31.12% and 12.35% lower, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05). In conclusion, corticosterone administration lowered the wet weight but increased the relative weight of the small intestine and the expression of intestinal nutrient transporter mRNA of broiler chickens.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2002

To evaluate the physiological significance of xanthine oxidase (XO) in rat skin, the activity of XO (type O) in skin was compared with that of small intestine or liver. Concomitantly, XO activities in some partial portions (scalp, leg, dorsal and ventral part) of skin were determined and then compared with each partial portion. XO activity of skin was lower than that of small intestine and rather higher than that of liver. Furthermore, the activity of XO in skin, after clipping of hairs and then in 5 days, was more increased than that of rat which was clipped before having been sacrificed. As for activities of free radical scavenging system (GPx, GST, SOD), skin is lower than liver and small intestine. Although it is hewn that the oxygen free radical generated by XO system lead to injurious effect on the cell, the XO activity of ventral part which is to be less exposed to xenobiotics and biological agents was the lowest among those of ventral, dorsal, leg and scalp parts in skin. In conclusion, it may be hypothesized that XO system in skin act on defence mechanism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1982

The effects of lactose on the formation of casein phosphopeptide (CPP), the increment of soluble calcium and the enhancement of calcium absorption by dietary casein in the intestinal tract were investigated. Rats were fed a lactose-free diet, 10% lactose diet and 30% lactose diet containing powdered milk. In rats receiving a lactose-free powdered milk diet, CPP formation was confirmed by gel filtration of the intestinal content on Sephadex G -25 and the amount of soluble calcium was increased in the small intestine and calcium absorption, measured by the ligated ideal loops in situ was enhanced. However, In rats receiving a powdered milk diet containing 10% lactose or 30% lactose, the similar effects were not seen. These observations indicate that CPP-stimulated effects on soluble calcium and calcium absorption in the small intestine are not dependent upon lactose.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2002

The case reports for clostridium type A enterotoxemia in Formosan deer have rarely been reported. This paper describes a natural case of type A enterotoxemia in farmed Formosan deer in Cheongwon-gun. A dead, male 10-month-old Formosan deer was submitted to Chungbuk Livestock and Veterinary Research Institute, March 24, 2001 and examined. That deer was fed with assorted grain feed, oak leaves, acorn and bean curd. Grossly there was no visible external change. Despite of the carcass being examined within 12 hours of death, there was a quite degree of posonortem decomposition. There was severe hemorrhage in the serosa of abomasum and small intestine. Much blood tinged and watery contents were contained in those organs. Also there were severe swelling of spleen, some red foci in hepatic parenchyma. Microscopically there were severe congestion and hemorrhage in mucosa submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa of abomasum and small intestine. Also spleen and pancreas showed severe Congestion and hemorrhage. There were multifocal hemorrhage with hepatic necrosis in periportal area and focal mononuclear cell deposition in sinusoid. In bacterial culture for small intestine, Cl perfringens was isolated. By toxin typing for the strain, that had $\alpha$ -toxin belonged to type A. In electronmicroscopy for feces, no vims particle was detected. Considering clinical signs, gross lesions, microscopic lesions, bacterial culture, and toxin typing of the isolate, this case was diagnosed as enterotoxemia by Cl perfringens type A.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.14 no.1_2
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 1970

The absorption of Aminopyrine from the small intestine of a rat in combination with antihistamic agent, Diphenhydramine, Pheniramine, Tripelennamine and Diphenhydramine respectively, was examined. Through the rat small intestine canal, a definite quantity of a sample solution comprising 0.5 mM of Aminopyrine and 0.1 mM of each antihistamic agent in phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4) was perfused through the rat small intestine at rate 5 ml per minute. The samples of the circulating solution were taken out after 5 minutes of the perfusion to give initial concentration and every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The amount of residual Aminopyrine in the solution was determined photometrically at 720 m.mu. by using 0.4% potassium ferricyanate solution and 1% ferric nitrate in 0.1N nitric solution. The mixed compounds of Aminopyrine with antihistamic agent, such as Aminopyrine with Diphehydramine, Aminopyrine with Pheniramine, Aminopyrine with Tripelennamine and Aminopyrine with Chloropheniramine showed more increased absorption than Aminopyrine alone. the absorption rate constants and apparent permeability coefficients of the mixed compounds were shown in detail.