• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

Mesenteric torsion was diagnosed in a 2-year-old, spayed female Miniature Schnauzer. The patient was presented with acute depression, vomiting, lethargy and hematochezia. On physical examination, severe dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea, weak femoral pulse, delayed capillary refill time and pale mucous membrane were found and the dog was in shock. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed intestines distended with gas, ascites and the "C" shaped distended intestine. Medical treatments including fluid therapy, analgesics, antibiotics and lidocaine for reducing reperfusion injury were applied. And then, the mesenteric torsion was definitively diagnosed through exploratory laparotomy and intestinal resection and anastomosis were performed. The dog made an uneventful recovery and was free of clinical sign one week after surgery. Mesenteric torsion is an unusual and life-threatening disease in dogs. It has usually been described in the middle and large breed dogs, especially German Shepherds. However, the mesenteric torsion should be included in the differential diagnostic lists for acute abdomen even in small breed dog. The mortality rate of mesenteric torsion can be reduced through prompt diagnosis, proper preventive therapy for shock and reperfusion injury and emergency surgery.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.311-322
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• 1994

This study was conducted to compare the effects of four types of dietary fiber supplementations (cellulose, pectin, guar gum, and polydextrose) on gastrointestinal function, diabetic symptom amelioration and lipid & glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Six groups of male rats were fed ad libitum dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 5% dietary fiber for four weeks. All types of dietary fiber supplementation seemed to protect the diabetic animals from the loss of body weight. The primary diabetic symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphasia, polyuria and urinary glucose excretion were ameliorated by cellulose, pectin, and guar gum, but not by polydextrose. Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly shortened and fecal dry weight was significantly increased in all the dietary fiber-supplemented groups except the polydextrose group. Large intestine was significantly lengthened by dietary fiber feeding. The serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were effectively lowered by pectin, guar gum and polydextrose. Regardless of their types, the fiber supplementation had no effect on serum HDL-cholesterol. Whereas fasting blood glucose level was significantly lowered by all types of fiber supplementations, glucose tolerance was more effectively improved by pectin and guar gum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.976-985
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• 1995

Changes in free amino acid concentrations is blood and various tissues were evaluated in cats adapted to the low-protein diet(20% protein, LPD) or the high-protein diet(60% protein, HPD) for 5 weeks. Cumulative body weigth gain for the 5 week period was 463$\pm$43g, and -128$\pm$40g for cats fed HPD and LPD, respectively. Feeding HPD significantly increased the size of liver and kidney. Cats adapted to HPD for 5 weeks have significantly elevated plasma concrntrations of essential amino acids (branched-chain amino acides, threonine, trytophan, phenylalanine and methoionine), whereas plasma levels of non-essential amino acids(alanine, asparagine, glycine, glutamine and serine) were significantly reduced in animals adapted to HPD(p<0.01, or p<0.001) compared to the values for the cats fed LPD. Changes in free amino acid concentratioks in whole blood induced by the variations in dietary level of protein closely reflect the pattern seen in plasma. Amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids, proline and threonine were most difficult to maintain homeostasis and consistantly elevated in lever, kidney, skeletal muscle and brain, as well as in blood of cats adapted to HPD(p<0.01 or p<0.001). All of the free amino acids in jejunum, excluding taurine and ornithine, were significantly elevated in animals adapted to HPD, most probably due to the rapid absorption of large amount of amino acids across the epithelium of small intestine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2002

Taurine (2-ethaneaminosulfonic acid, $^+{NH}_3{CH_2}{CH_2}{SO_3^{-}}$) is endogenous amino acid with functions as modulator of osmoregulation, antioxidation, detoxification, transmembrane calcium transport, and a free radical scavenger in mammalian tissues. Taurine transporter(TAUT) contains 12 transmembrane helices, which are typical of the $Na^+$- and $Cl^-$-dependent transporter gene family, and has been cloned recently from several species and tissues. To analyze the expression of TAUT mRNA, one step RT-PCR was performed from human and mouse cultured cell lines and from various mouse tissues. The primers were designed to encode highly conserved amino acid sequences at the second transmembrane domain and at the fourth and fifth intracellular domains. RT-PCR analysis showed both of the human intestine HT-29 and mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell lines expressed mRNA of TAUT. To define the expression patterns of the TAUT mRNA in the murine organs, RT-PCR was performed to detect cDNA representing TAUT mRNA from seven different mouse tissues. The TAUT was detected in all of the mouse tissues analyzed such as heart, lung, thymus, kidney, liver, spleen and brain. A large amount of transcript was fecund from heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain, while lung contained a very small amount of transcript.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.443-449
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• 2006

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD was studied for its increasing stability by encapsulation, using 2, 3, and 4% sodium alginate. In these cases, 3% alginate resulted in the maximum survival of B. polyfermenticus SCD in artificial gastric juice for 3 h. Effects of several biopolymers on the encapsulated B. polyfermenticus SCD by 3% sodium alginate were investigated. Encapsulation with 0.5% methylcellulose showed the highest survival rate for 3 h in artificial gastric juice. Therefore, the optimized encapsulation material was 3% alginate with 0.5% methylcellulose. Furthermore, the survival of encapsulated B. polyfermenticus SCD was shown to be 122%, when 1% bile salt was added. Freeze-dried encapsulation resulted in lower survival than with non-dried encapsulation. Therefore, encapsulation was the most effective when 3% sodium alginate was used with 0.5% methylcellulose, but without freeze-drying.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2007

This study was investigated to make sure the range of the Colla Corii Asini treatment. the nature of disease and the pathology of it in D ongeuyboga. The following conclusion were reached through invetigations on the prescriptions that use the Colla Corii Asini as a ingredient. 1. The Colla Corii Asini was used a internal disease more than a surgical disease in the dongeuybogam. 2. The Colla Corii Asini was used lung and large intestine disease in abundance and especially anhidrosis. cough and dysentery. 3. The Colla Corii Asini was applied much more disease about blood in the dongeuybogam, but some was used almost bleeding disease. one was used blood deficiency. 4. The processed Colla Corii Asini was used more than the Colla Corii Asini in the dongeuybogam, because of convenience of preparation and ease of intestinla drug absorption. 5. The Colla Corii Asini was used more useful dysentery than tranquilizeing mind in cooperation with Rhizoma Coptidis in the dongeuybogam. 6. Instead of the Colla Corii Asini, we can apply the Colla Comus Cervi or they are mutual reinforcement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1569-1572
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• 2009

The pharmacokinetics of decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA) were investigated in male SD rats following oral and intravenous administration. D/DA and metabolites obtained from in vitro samples were evaluated by LC/MS. The levels of D/DA and metabolized decursinol in the blood following oral and intravenous administrations declined according to first-order kinetics, with $T_{1/2}$ values of 56.67, 58.01, and 57.22 h, respectively, being observed after administration of a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. The large intestine was the major site of disposition following oral administration. These data indicate that D/DA is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In in vitro experiment utilizing liver microsomal protein, the major metabolic reaction of D/DA occurred to change decursinol. The cumulative biliary, urinary, and fecal excretions of D/DA in bile duct-cannulated rats was $36.10{\pm}2.9%$, $25.35{\pm}3.8%$, and $34.20{\pm}3.2%$, respectively, at 72 h after administration. These results indicate that the absorption of D/DA is almost complete, and that its metabolites are primarily excreted into feces through the bile. These results indicate that D/DA is subject to enterohepatic circulation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.357-360
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• 1986

We report a case of metastatic carcinoma of the skin in 62-year-old male who showed multiple nodules on the anterior chest, scalp, face and left axilla for 2 months' duration. He suffered from lower abdominal discomfortness for 6 months. Histopathologic findings revealed atypical cell nests and some tubular or glandular formation in the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. Material in the lumen showed diastase resistant and PAS positive, and alcian blue positive at pH 2.4, but negative pH 0.4. So it represented sialomucin. We did not find primary site of malignant tumor. In view of clinical and histopathological findings, it was considered to be originated from the large intestine.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1995

The peptide transporter can be utilized for improving the bioavailability of compounds that are poorly absorbed. Characterization of the dipeptide uptake into the human intestinal epithelial cells, HT-29 was investigated. The uptake of tritiated glycylsarcosine $([^3H]-Gly-Sar,\;0.1\;{\mu}Ci/ml)$ was measured in confluent or subconfluent HT-29, Caco-2, and Cos-7 cells. Uptake medium was the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media (DMEM) adjusted to pH 6.0. Both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells expressed the dipeptide transporter significantly (p<0.005) but Cos-7 did not. Certain portions of passive uptake were observed in all three cell lines. Uptake of Gly-Sar was largest at 7 days after plating HT-29 cells with significant inhibition with 25 mM cold Gly-Sar (p<0.05). but expression ratio of the dipeptide transporter was 0.7, suggesting lower expression. The effect of pH on Gly-Sar uptake was not significant in the range of pH 6 to 8. Gly-Sar uptake was also inhibited with 50 mM carnosine, 25 mM Gly-Sar, and 35 mM cephalexin significantly (p<0.05). From above results the dipeptide transporter was expressed well in HT-29 cells and was similar to that in the small intestine, suggesting that large amounts of mRNA of the transporter from the cells can be obtained.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 1999

The cytotoxicity-guided fractionation of the seed of Plantago asiatica extracts led to the isolation of four compounds, responsible for the cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines, i. e., A431 (Human Epidermoid carcinoma), KHOS-NP (Human Osteosarcoma). SNU-1 (Human stomach carcinoma), SNU-C4 (Human large intestine carcinoma). The structure were elucidated by the phsyco chemical data: ${\beta}-sitosterol(C1)$, $cholest-5-en-3{\beta}-ol(C2)$, rutin(C3), $coumarin-7-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside(C4)$. $IC_{50}$ values of compound C2 were 14.6, 13.5, 10.3, 17.8 ${\mu}g/ml$, and compound C3 and C4 showed activity, having $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 10.3 to 20.14 ${\mu}g/ml$.