• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1466-1469
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• 2016

운향과(Rutaceae) 식물의 과실을 소재로 하는 일군의 한약재들은 위장관 운동 기능 항진을 목적으로 우리나라와 중국 등지에서 오래 전부터 널리 사용되어 왔으며, 대표적인 약재로 각각 탱자나무 및 광귤나무의 미성숙 과실인 지실 및 지각, 각각 광귤나무 및 귤나무의 성숙 과피인 등피 및 진피 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는, 이러한 운향과 과실 유래 한약재들이 위장관 운동 기능에 미치는 영향을 검정하고 이 약재들 간의 효능을 비교하기 위해, 이들 한약재의 열수 및 에탄올 추출물을 제조하여 마우스에 경구 투여한 후 위 배출 속도 및 장 이송률을 측정하는 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구는, 공통 성분을 다수 함유하는 운향과 과실 유래 한약재들 간의 위장관 운동 기능개선 효과를 in vivo 동물 실험을 통해 직접 비교한 최초의 연구 자료로서 의미를 가진다. 특히, 등피 에탄올 추출물 투여 시 위 배출 속도에는 유의적인 변화 없이 장 이송률의 유의적 및 용량 의존적 증가 양상을 보였으며, 이전 연구들을 통해 장 이송률 증가 효능이 보고된 바 있는 지실, 지각, 진피 열수 추출물 투여군들과 비교했을 때에도 수치 상으로 등피 에탄올 추출물의 장 이송률이 가장 높았다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2019

Portulaca oleracea L. (PL) has been used in traditional medicine herb for treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, dysentery, and skin inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the PL regulates the inflammation by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although PL might have improvement effects of intestinal function and bioactive effects, there are not enough studies to demonstrate. This study investigated the effects of KDC16-2 on the improvement of intestinal function and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. The improvement effect of intestinal function was measured fecal amount, water content and intestinal transit rate in KDC16-2 treated ICR mice. As results, compared with the control group, the KDC16-2 group showed a significant increase in wet fecal weight, dry fecal weight and fecal water content. The intestinal transit rate of KDC16-2 group was significantly increased. Based on the results, KDC16-2 is considered to have effects on improving intestinal function. The effect of anti-inflammatory demonstrated by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. The mice were administered 3% DSS along with KDC16-2 (100, 300 mg/kg) for 14 days. DSS-induced colitis mice were significantly ameliorated in KDC16-2 treated group, including body weight loss, colon length shortening, tight junction protein of colon and histological colon injury. The levels of inflammatory mediators (IgG2a, IgA, C-reactive protein and Myeloperoxidase) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, Interleukin (IL)-6) which are involved in inflammatory responses were increased in the DSS-treated group as compared to those in the control group, and the levels were significantly decreased in the KDC16-2 groups. In addition, we investigated the impact of KDC16-2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in J774A.1 cells. KDC16-2 inhibited production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggested that the KDC16-2 could effectively alleviate the dysfunction of intestinal and inflammatory mediators. Thus, these KDC16-2 can be potentially used as health functional food of intestinal.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.627-632
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• 1992

식이 중의 펙틴이 식이의 상부소화관내 이동 속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 흰쥐에게 무섬유식이 또는 10% 펙틴식이를 공급하면서 식이의 이동속도 표시물질인 51-Cr를 투여하였다. 51-Cr 투여후 20분부터 6시간까지 정해진 시간 간격을 두고 동물을 희생시켜, 51-Cr이 소화관에서 이동하는 속도를 측정하였다. 51-Cr를 섭취한 뒤 3시간까지 펙틴은 51-Cr이 위에서 소장으로 이동해 나가는 속도를 유의성있게 증가시켰다. 51-Cr을 섭취한 후 3시간과 4시간 사이에 펙틴은 51-Cr이 소장을 통과하여 맹장으로 이동해 나가는 속도를 증가시켰다. 따라서 펙틴이 포도당 부하후 또는 식이섭취후 혈당치와 인슐린치의 급격한 증가를 완화시키는 효과가 펙틴이 상부소화관내 이동속도를 지연시키기 때문이라는 가설은 정확하지 않은 것으로 보인다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2019

한약재로 쓰이는 용담(Gentiana scabra)의 열수 추출물(GS-W)을 정상 마우스에 경구 투여할 경우 in vivo 위장관이송률(ITR)이 유의적이고 용량 의존적으로 증가한다는 사실이, 최근 본 연구진에 의해 보고된 바 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는, in vivo 실험적 위장관 운동 기능 저해(GMD) 마우스 모델에서는 GS-W가 ITR에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검정하고자 하였다. GS-W는 5 g/kg의 고용량 경구 투여 시에도 정상 마우스에서 급성 독성을 나타내지 않았고, GMD 마우스에서 ITR을 유의적이고 용량 의존적으로 증가시켰으며, 특히 1 g/kg 경구 투여 시의 ITR은 cisapride 투여 시보다 수치 상으로 높았다. 이러한 결과들은, 1990년대까지 임상적으로 널리 처방되었으나 치명적인 부작용으로 인해 2000년 이후 시장에서 철수된 약물인 cisapride를 GS-W가 대체하여, 인간의 다양한 GMD 상황을 예방하거나 그 증상을 완화시킬 수 있는 잠재력이 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

수의 임상에서 캡슐 내시경(capsule endoscopy, CE)의 사용에 기본적인 기준과 유용성을 정립하기 위하여 정상 중형견($7{\sim}13\;kg$)에서 캡슐의 위 통과시간(gastric transit time, GTT), 작은창자 통과시간(small intestinal transit time, SITT), 완전통과율(complete transit time, CTT)을 측정하고 통과율을 분석하였다. 1군(capsule 투여), 2군(capsule+water 투여), 3군(metoclopramide+capsule 투여) 그리고 (metoclopramide+capsule+water 투여)의 총 4군으로 나누어 방사선 촬영을 통하여 평가를 실시했다. GTT는 평균 $45{\sim}20\;min$ (group 1), $117{\pm}35\;min$ (group 2), $150{\pm}40\;min$ (group 3), $154{\pm}65\;min$ (group 4)였으며 SITT는 평균 $75{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $195{\pm}55\;min$ (group 2), $75{\pm}15\;min$(group 3), $76{\pm}15\;min$ (group 4)로 나타났다. 완전통과율(complete passage rate)은 각각 20% (group 1), 40%, (group 2), 20% (group 3), 50% (group 4)로 나타났다. 실험결과 캡슐이 유문부를 통과하기만 하면 내시경 캡슐 배터리 수명인 8시간 이내로 위장관을 모두 통과하였으며 물을 위내로 투여한 후 volume의 증가에 의한 위 운동성의 증가는 캡슐의 유문부 통과에 도움이 되었다. 그러나 metoclopramide의 투여는 유문부의 통과와 SITT의 시간에 대한 유의적인 효과가 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

Obejectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yijin-tang on pacemaker potentials of small intestinal interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC). Methods : To dissociate the ICC, we used enzymatic digestions from the small intestine in mice. The electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials in the cultured ICC and the in vivo effects of Yijin-tang on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates (ITR). Results : 1. The ICC generated pacemaker potentials in the murine small intestine. Yijin-tang produced membrane depolarization with concentration-dependent manners in the current clamp mode. 2. Pretreatment with a Ca²⁺ free solution and thapsigargin, a Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor in the endoplasmic reticulum, stopped the pacemaker potentials. In the case of Ca²⁺-free solutions and thapsigargin, Yijin-tang did not induce membrane potential depolarizations. 3. U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors, blocked the Yijin-tang-induced membrane potential depolarizations. However, U73343, an inactive PLC inhibitors, did not block. 4. In the presence of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, staurosporine or Rottlerin, Yijin-tang depolarized the pacemaker potentials. However, in the presence of Go6976, Yijin-tang did not depolarize the pacemaker potentials. 5. In mice, intestinal transit rate (ITR) values were significantly and dose-dependently increased by the intragastric administration of Yijin-tang. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yijin-tang can modulate the pacemaker activity of ICC through an internal/external Ca²⁺ and PLC/PKC-dependent pathway in ICC. In addition, Yijin-tang is a good candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Shengmai-san and Pyungwi-san, a herbal product used in traditional Chinese medicine, on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in mice. Methods: The in vivo effects of Shengmai-san and Pyungwi-san on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates (ITRs) using Evans blue in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD). GMD was induced by injecting acetic acid or streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Results: In normal Institute of Cancer Research mice, ITRs were significantly and dose-dependently increased by Shengmaisan (0.01~1 g/kg) and Pyungwi-san (0.01~1 g/kg). The ITRs of acetic acid induced peritoneal irritation model and streptozotocin-induced diabetic model mice were significantly reduced compared to normal mice, and these reductions were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by Shengmai-san (0.01~1 g/kg) and Pyungwi-san (0.01~1 g/kg). Conclusions: These results suggest that both Shengmai-san and Pyungwi-san are a good candidate for the development of a prokinetic agent that may prevent or alleviate GMD.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Alisma canaliculatum Extract (ACE) on pacemaker potentials of small and large intestinal interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) in mice. Methods : We used enzymatic digestions to dissociate the ICC in the small and large intestine in mice. The whole-cell patch-clamp method was used to record pacemaker potentials in ICC. Results : 1. The ICC generated the pacemaker potentials in small intestine in mice. ACE (0.1-1mg/ml) induced membrane depolarization and decreased frequency with concentration-dependent manners. 2. Pretreatment with a Ca²⁺ free solution, Na⁺ 5 mM solution or 2-APB, a nonselective cation channel blocker, stopped the small intestinal ICC pacemaker potentials. In the case of Ca²⁺-free solution, Na⁺ 5 mM solution or 2-APB, ACE had no effects on the membrane depolarizations in small intestinal ICC. 3. The ICC generated the pacemaker potentials in large intestine in mice. Membrane depolarization appears regularly in the small intestine, but irregularly in the large intestine. ACE induced membrane depolarization (0.1-1mg/ml) and increased frequency (0.1-0.5mg/ml). 4. Pretreatment with a Ca²⁺ free solution, Na⁺ 5 mM solution or 2-APB, stopped the large intestinal ICC pacemaker potentials. In the case of Ca²⁺-free solution, Na⁺ 5 mM solution or 2-APB, ACE depolarized the membrane depolarizations in large intestinal ICC. 5. In mice, intestinal transit rate (ITR) values were dose-dependently decreased by the intragastric administration of ACE. Conclusions : These results suggest that ACE can regulate the pacemaker activity of ICC and the reaction by ACE is different from the small and large intestinal ICC, and the control of the intestinal motion by ACE may be caused by many complex processes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.493-497
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• 2005

Probiotics are generally excreted within a few days if their ingestion in feces at the same rate as or even more quickly than a transit marker (meaning not clear). Ability of probiotics to adhere to intestine prolongs their persistence in gastrointestinal tract, allowing them to exert healthful effects longer. Hydrophobicities, zeta potentials, Alcian blue-binding capacities, and sedimentation profiles of Pichia farinosa SKM-1, P. anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 were determined to evaluate characteristic properties of cell surfaces responsible for adhesion. Results of intestinal Caco-2 cell line in vitro and murine intestine in vivo studies revealed these strains exhibit adhesive properties regardless of their cell surface hydrophobicity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2001

Eight $12.4{\pm}0.6kg$ initial body weight crossbred barrows were used to determine the effect of soybean galactooligosaccharides on nutrient and energy digestibility, and digesta transit time. Four dietary treatments were utilized in this trial. Treatment one was a corn-soybean meal based diet (SBM) containing raffinose and stachyose at the levels of 0.16% and 0.75%, respectively. Treatment two (control) was a corn-HP300 (soybean concentrate protein) diet. In treatments three and four, 1.1% and 2.2% commercial stachyose was added to the control diet to provide total dietary stachyose at the levels of 1% and 2%, respectively. The soybean galactooligosaccharides (raffinose + stachyose) level in treatment one was slightly lower compared to that in treatment three. Three collection periods were run with two pigs for each treatment/period. There was a 4 d adjustment period followed by a 3 d collection period. The results showed that the nitrogen retention (86.79%) of pigs fed treatment two diet was higher than that of pigs fed treatment one by 5.2% (p<0.05). The nitrogen retention of treatment three was intermediate 83.09%. The apparent fecal digestibility of all amino acids in treatment two was numerically highest, followed by treatments three and four. However, there were no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF) digestibility numerically decreased as the soybean galactooligosaccharides level increased, but were not significantly different (p>0.05). Chromium content in feces (from the inclusion of 0.3% chromic oxide in the diets) differed among treatments (p<0.05) at 15 h, 18 h, and 21 h after eating. This showed that the digesta transit time was differed significantly among treatments. Treatment four was the shortest, followed by treatment three, SBM and control. The results demonstrated that in the absence of antinutritional factors and soybean antigen protein, inclusion of 1% and 2% stachyose in corn-HP300 diet has no significant effect on the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF and amino acids. When the soybean galactooligosaccharide level in diet one and diet three were adjusted to be almost the same, antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor and soybean antigen protein could decrease the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention rate of diet. High levels of soybean galactooligosaccharides shortened the digesta transit time in the intestinal tract. This trial suggested that the total level of soybean galactooligosaccharides (stachyose+raffinose) in the weanling piglet diet is better not to exceed 1% when common soybean meal is used as main protein source.