• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ticlopidine on the pharmacokinetics of nimodipine in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of nimodipine were determined in rats after oral administration of nimodipine (16 mg/kg) with or without ticlopidine (3 or 10 mg/kg). Ticlopidine inhibited cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 activity. Ticlopidine significantly (p<0.05, 10 mg/kg) increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of nimodipine and ticlopidine significantly (p<0.05, 10 mg/kg) prolonged the terminal half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of nimodipine. Ticlopidine significantly (p<0.05, 10 mg/kg) decreased the total body clearance ($CL_t$). The absolute bioavailability (AB%) and relative bioavailability (RB%) of nimodipine by presence of ticlopidine were increased by 14% and by 42%, respectively, compared to the control. Based on these results, the increased bioavailability of nimodipine might be due to inhibition of the metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 in the liver or intestinal mucosa and/or reducing total body clearance by ticlopidine.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2001

Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformation that may require surgical intervention in the neonate, infant, and occasionally the older child. Symptoms produced by duplications vary according to their location, size, type and histology. We report the clinical characteristics and the surgical results of 9 cases of the gastrointestinal duplications treated at at Asan Medical Center between 1989 and 2000. Five patients were boys and four were girls; age of patients ranged from 5 days to 10 years. Eight duplications were cystic and one was tubular. One involved the stomach; five were in the ileum, and two in the cecum. The most common presentation was intestinal obstruction. There was associated anomaly in one patient, pulmonary sequestration and double ureter. Ectopic gastric mucosa was found in two. All patients underwent surgical resection. There was no perioperative mortality or morbidity. Although gastrointestinal duplication is a rare entity. consideration of associated anomalies and being familiar with the anatomy and clinical features are required for adequate management. In cystic form. complete excision is recommended but planned surgery is required for long segment tubular lesion.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.380-385
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen following oral administration of tamoxifen with verapamil to rats. Tamoxifen (10 mg/kg) was administered orally in the presence or absence of verapamil (1, 3 or 6 mg/kg). Compared to the control group (given tamoxifen alone), the presence of verapamil significantly (p<0.05 by 1 mg/kg, p<0.01 by 3 and 6 mg/kg) increased the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak concentrations ($C_{max}$) of tamoxifen. Consequently, the relative bioavailability ($RB\%$) of tamoxifen with verapamil was 1.6-2.1 fold higher than that of the control. But the time to reach peak concentration ($T_{max}$) and the terminal half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of tamoxifen were not altered significantly in the presence of verapamil. The increased AUC and $C_{max}$ of tamox­ifen in the presence of verapamil might be associated with the inhibition by verapamil of the P-glycoprotein and the first­pass metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 in small intestinal mucosa. The drug interaction should be taken into consideration when tamoxifen is used to the patient with verapamil in the clinical setting.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 2010

A thirty-five week old elk was referred for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) confirmation from Chungnam province in Korea. Necropsy revealed much bloody contents in the lumen of small and large intestines, and reddening of its mucosa. Microscopically, few coccidia showing various developmental stages were infiltrated in lamina propria of small intestine with granulomatous inflammation and congestion. They were identified as Eimeria spp. according to their location and morphological characteristics. Because fecal examination and oocyst culture were not available, the species of the Eimeria could not be confirmed. There were no detection of pathogenic bacteria such as clostridia and virus in intestinal contents. CWD was shown to be negative in immunohistochemistry test. In conclusion, it was the first Eimeria case detected in small intestine of Korean domestic elk as far as we know although Eimeria spp. were not the main cause of death.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.504-507
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• 2009

An 1-year old male siberian tiger showing severe vomiting and blackish and frothy diarrhea for 3 days were dead in Seoul Zoo. Gross finding at necropsy were small amount of blood were found in abdominal cavity and intestine. In small and large intestine, there were necrosis and detachment epithelial cell of intestinal mucosa in histopathology. The presence of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) antigen was detected by PCR. In microbiology, E.coli and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated from the stool. This case was diagnosed in death induced by FPV infection according to CBC, histopathology and PCR.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.167-170
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• 2009

In November 2007, a 46-year-old male Thai patient presented with chronic abdominal pain for over 3 years. Colonoscopy revealed a small parasite of about $2{\times}1mm$ in size attached to the cecum mucosa. The worm was removed endoscopically, fixed, and stained for morphological observations. The specimen was identified as Anchitrema sanguineum (Digenea: Anchitrematidae), a trematode first reported in a reptile, Chamaeleo vulgaris, from Egypt, and then sporadically found in the intestines of insectivorous bats and other mammals. The patient was treated with praziquantel but no more worms were found in his stool. His symptoms improved slightly but not cured completely. It remains unclear whether the chronic abdominal pain of the patient was caused by this trematode infection. Whatever is the pathogenicity of this trematode, this is the first human case of A. sanguineum infection in the literature.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.660-666
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• 1998

The effect of paraquat(1,1´-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) on the gastrin-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, PP-, CCK-8- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells in the stomach and small intestine of developing rat was examined by peroxidase-an-tiperoxidase method. Oral administration of this herbicide(9mg/Kg per day in 0.2ml of D.W) on days 7 to 14 of gestation revealed some difference, such as first appearance and distribution pattern of immunoreactive cells between control and paraquat-treated group. These results suggest that indirectly treated fetuses display a general developmental retardation on enteroendocrine cells differentiation as well as on gastrointestinal maturation

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2011

Diagnosis of early esophageal cancer has become more frequent as a result of improved endoscopic technology, surveillance programmes, and increasing experience and awareness on the part of endoscopists. In early esophageal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and early adenocarcinoma must be managed differently because they have different origins, pathogenesis. and clinical characteristics. The current treatment options vary widely, from extended resection with lymphadenectomy to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or ablation. None of these treatment options can be recommended universally. Instead, an individualized strategy should be based on the depth of tumor infiltration into the mucosa or submucosa, the presence or absence of lymph node metastases, the multicentricity of tumor growth, the length of the segment of intestinal metaplasia, and comorbidities of the patient. EMR has become increasingly important, both as a diagnostic tool for the staging of esophageal carcinomas and as a method of carrying out definitive treatment when the cancer meets certain criteria in which the risk of lymph-node metastasis is negligible. EMR may be sufficient in a subset of patients who have m1 or m2 squamous cell carcinoma and in patients who have isolated foci of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or mucosal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1997

The gastrointestinal endocrine cells of the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis have been investigated immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin method. Seven antisera were tested and three endocrine cell types immunoreacted with antisera to neurotensin, GRP and substance P. A moderate number of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were weakly reacted in the small intestine. GRP-immunoreactive cells were mainly situated among the upper portion in the fundic glands, and the basal portion in the pyloric glands. These cells were oval and round in shape. On the other hand, in the intestine they were thin spindly cells with the epithelium. Substance P-immunoreactive cells were observed in among intestinal epithelium. However, no secretin-, motilin-, M-Enk- and PYY-immunoreactive cells were found in the GIT of the African clawed toads.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2001

An example of lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in a 7-year-old male brown bear (Ursus arctos) that died after having a 7-month history of depression, anorexia and watery diarrhea. Grossly the mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged to approximately 4 to 6 times their normal size and histologically diagnosed as lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma. The small intestinal mucosa was corrugated and had severe mural thickening due to infiltrated neoplastic cells. Hepatic metastasis was also noted. the mother of this bear which died at the age of 20 also had similar gross changes on necropsy, but histological examination was not performed at that time and therefore the exact type of neoplasm remained to be determined. Since the daughter also died of neoplasm, genetic factor could be suspected in this family. This is the first reported case of lymphosarcoma in Ursidae in Korea. As an incidental finding, endogenous lipid pneumonia was noted in the lung.