• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 1998

재배 상황버섯의 유산균 증식 효과를 측정한 결과 B. breve에 대한 증식 효과와 배양배지의 pHwj하 효과가 우수했다. 사람 및 흰주의 장내 세균을 버섯추출물 함유 배니에서 배양시 배지의 pH저하 효과가 우수할뿐만아니라 ${\beta}-glucosidase$의 효소 활성을 억제하였다. 그외에도 대장암 및 방광암 등의 원이효소로 주목되고 있는 사람 및 흰쥐의 장내 세균총 효소인 ${\beta}-glucosidases$ 및 tryptophanase 효소 활성을 억제하였다. 이외에도 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병의 치료제로 사용되는 acarbose보다는 약하지만 maltase, sucrase 및 알파아밀라제를 효과적으로 저해하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.462-470
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• 2022

The addition of dietary proteases (PRO) to weaner diets hydrolyzes soybean-based anti-nutritive factors and improves weaned pig's dietary digestibility and growth performance. Therefore, this study explores the effects of PRO in a lower crude protein (CP) level diet than that in a commercial diet on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A total of 90 weaned pigs were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 pigs per pen and 5 replicated pens per treatment using a randomized complete block design (block = body weight [BW]): 1) a commercial weaner diet as a positive control (PC; phase1 CP = 23.71%; phase2 CP: 22.36%), 2) lower CP diet than PC as a negative control (NC; 0.61% less CP than PC), and 3) an NC diet with 0.02% PRO. Pigs fed PC and PRO had higher (p < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain, and/or gain to feed ratio for the first three weeks and the overall experimental period than NC. The PC and PRO groups had greater (p < 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, CP, and energy than the NC group. Moreover, pigs fed PC and PRO increased (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of CP compared with those fed NC. In addition, the PRO group had a higher number of goblet cells than the PC and NC groups. However, pig fed PC and PRO increased (p < 0.05) villus height and height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum compared with those fed NC. In conclusion, PRO supplementation in a commercial weaner diet with low CP levels improves growth rate and nutrient digestibility by modulating the intestinal morphology of weaned pigs.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.817-819
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• 2006

8-Quinolinol and other quinolinol derivatives were evaluated with regard to their growth-inhibitory effects against intestinal bacteria, using the paper disk-agar diffusion method. The observed growth responses varied according to the chemicals and dosages used, as well as the bacterial species tested. 8-Quinolinol showed a significant inhibitory effect against Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, and Escherichia coli, at 5, 2, 1, and 0.5 mg/disk, and also exhibited a very strong inhibitory effect at 0.25 mg/disk. At low concentrations, 8-quinolinol had strong inhibitory effects against C. perfringens at 0.1 and 0.05 mg/disk; 8-quinolinol also manifested a moderate inhibitory effect against C. perfringens at 0.025 mg/disk. Furthermore, 8-quinolinol revealed moderate and weak growth inhibition against C. difficile and E. coli at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.05 mg/disk, respectively, but 2-quinolinol, 4-quinolinol, and 6-quinolinol evidenced no growth inhibition against B. bifidum, B. longum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, E. coli, or L. casei. The inhibitory effects of 8-quinolinol against C. difficile, C. perfringens, and E. coli lead to its consideration as a possible therapeutic modality for the treatment of diseases associated with harmful intestinal bacteria.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2001

Essential oils of 21 herb plant samples, using spectrophotometric and paper disc agar diffusion methods under anaerobic conditions, were tested in vitro for their growth-inhibiting activities against Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coli. The responses varied with bacterial strains and plant oils. At 10 mg/disk, all essential oils did not inhibit beneficial intestinal bacteria, except for the oil of Alpinia officinarum and Melaleuca alternifolia against L. casei. Due to their strong growth-inhibitory activities against C. perfringens, E. coli, and L. casei, the activites of nine oils were evaluated at low concentrations. In test with C. perfringens at 1 mg/disk, the oils of Amyris balsamifera, Curcuma longa, M. alternifolia, and Trachyspermum ammi showed moderate activities. Moderate activities against E. coli were observed with the oils of M. alternifolia and T. ammi. These results may be indications of at least one of the pharmacological actions of the four herb plants.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2000

This study was investigated to observe Lactobacillus spp. population of poultry digestive organ, duodenum, ilium, cecum and colon by growing steps and to select of valuable lactobacilli as probiotics. Two strains of male broiler commercial chickens, Hybrid and Ross, were used to evaluate population of Lactobacillus spp. in intestinal tracts. Three strains of Lactobacillus were identified, and bile salts environment. The number of lactovacilli was the lowest in duodenum compared to other intestinal tracts which had similar population. Population of Lactobacillus was maintained constantly regardless growing steps after one week of age. Identification of Lactobacillus from cecum resulted in L.reuteri BC5, L. crispatus BC7, L.reuteri BC9. All strains was depressed in pH 1 and 2, although two strains could survive for one hour at pH 2. And they could survive at pH 4 for 4hours. In bile salts tolerance, L.reuteri BC5, L.crispatus BC7 were maintained for 2 hours, but the growth reduced from 2hours. Growth of L.reuteri BC9 was increased continuously. In conclusion, Lactobacillus of intestinal tracts were established at first week, and maintained constant population. They were influenced on severe acidic condition and bile salts. Cecal Lactobacillus has different growth charcteristics by strains.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.701-707
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• 2012

Immune stress is the loss of immune homeostasis caused by external forces. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of immune stress on the growth performance, small intestinal enzymes and peristalsis rate, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in broiler chickens. Four hundred and thirty-two 1-d-old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly assigned to four groups for treatment; each group included nine cages with 12 birds per cage. Group 1 = no vaccine (NV); Group 2 = conventional vaccine (CV); group 3 = lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+conventional vaccine (LPS); group 4 = cyclophosphamide (CYP)+conventional vaccine (CYP). The results demonstrated that immune stress by LPS and CYP reduced body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), small intestine peristalsis rate and sIgA content in small intestinal digesta (p<0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) remained unchanged during the feeding period. LPS and CYP increased intestinal enzyme activity, relative expression of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k and L-FABP mRNAs (p<0.05). LPS and CYP injection had a negative effect on the growth performance of healthy broiler chickens. The present study demonstrated that NV and CV could improve growth performance while enzyme activity in small intestine and relative expression of nutrient transporter mRNA of NV and CV were decreased in the conditions of a controlled rational feeding environment. It is generally recommended that broilers only need to be vaccinated for the diseases to which they might be exposed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese medicine granule (CMG, including Cortex Phellodendron, Atractylodes Rhizome, Agastache Rugosa and Gypsum Fibrosum) on absorption and transport of glucose in porcine small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) under heat stress. Forty-eight 2-month-old Chinese experimental barrows were screened according to weight and litter origin, and then allotted to three groups and treated as follows: Normal temperature control group (NTCG; $23^{\circ}C$), high temperature control group (HTCG; $26^{\circ}C$ for 19 h, $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 h); Chinese medicine granule anti-stress group (CMGG; $26^{\circ}C$ for 19 h, $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 h) (n = 16 per group). The results showed that high temperature treatment decreased (p<0.05) the growth performance and intestinal glucose absorption but there was no change (p>0.05) in the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the small intestine of pigs compared with the NTCG. Dietary supplementation with CMG improved the growth performance, and increased the activity of disaccharidases in duodenum and jejunum of heat stressed pigs (p<0.05). CMG treatment increased (p<0.05) the protein levels of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the small intestine, and up-regulated (p<0.05) the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the duodenum and jejunum but without changing (p>0.05) them in the ileum compared with the HTCG. These results indicated that CMG treatment significantly improved porcine growth performance, and increased intestinal glucose absorption and transport by BBMVs under heat stress, in addition to up-regulating the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in porcine duodenum and jejunum.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.252-255
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• 2001

뽕잎 분말이 1, 10%가 되도록 사료에 첨가시켜 4주동안 SD 흰쥐에게 급여한 후 이들의 대장 내용물로부터 총균수와 주요장내미생물의 생균수를 배지를 이용하여 혐기배양한 후 측정한 결과 총균수는 뽕잎 투여군에서 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 유해균으로 분류할 수 있는 Clostridium은 대조군보다 뽕잎투여군에서 유의성있게 감소하였고, E. coli와 Staphylococcus도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 뽕잎 메탄올 추출물과 분획물들의 미생물의 생장억제효과를 측정한 결과, 헥산분획과 물분획물이 Clostridium perfringens에 대하여 억제효과를 보였다. 장내균총의 개선 측면에서 뽕잎은 기능성 식품소재로서의 이용가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.646-651
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• 2005

The growth responses of Ruta chalepensis leaf-derived materials toward human intestinal bacteria were examined. The biologically active constituent of the R. chalepensis extract was characterized as quinoline-4-carboxaldehyde($C_{10}H_{7}NO$). The growth responses varied depending on the bacterial strain, chemicals, and dose tested. At 0.25 and 0.1 mg/disk, quinoline-4-carboxaldehyde strongly inhibited the growth of Clostridium perfringens and weakly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli without any adverse effects on the growth of three lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, at 0.05 and 0.025 mg/disk, this isolate showed moderate activity against C. perfringens. In comparison, chloramphenicol at as low as 0.01 mg/disk significantly inhibited the growth of all bacteria tested, and cinnamaldehyde at 0.25 mg/disk did not inhibit Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, E. coli, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, with the exception of C. perfringens. The structure-activity relationship revealed that quinoline-3-carboxaldehyde had strong growth inhibition against C. perfringens, but quinoline, quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, and quinoline-4-carboxylic acid did not inhibit the growth of B. bifidum, B. longum, C. perfringens, E. coli, and L. acidophilus. These results indicate that the carboxyl aldehyde functional group of quinolines seems to be required for growth-inhibiting activity against C. perfringens, thus indicating at least one of the pharmacological actions of R. chalepensis leaf.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.385-389
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• 1999

The injibitory effect of Bacillus licheniformis AJ isolated from genitourinary normal flora as a new probiotics on the growth of diarrheal pathogens was studied. This B. licheniformis AJ inhibited the growth of E.coli O-157. Salmonella typhi and Shigella sonnei as well as the infectivity of rotavirus. However, it did not inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pyloriand human intestinal bacteria although it inhibited the harmful enzyme activity of human intestinal bacteria. B. licheniformis AJ seems to excret heat-lable growth-inhibitory protein, bacteriocin, into the media. These results suggest that B. lichenoformis AJ could be used as a new type of probiotics.