• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

Sleep is a necessity for survival. Disruption of sleep leads to numerous adverse physiological and psychological consequences. These could be particularly undesirable for older patients, who are subject to many additional factors. But there is limited research related to hospitalized elderly in Korea. The purpose of the study is to explore sleep patterns and disturbing factors of before and after hospitalization, in order to present basic information regarding elderly sleep to develop nursing intervention. The sample consisted of 32 elderly men and women between the ages of n and 87 years. Data collection was done from September to November 1997. Measures of sleep patterns and related factors were obtained from self-reported sleep questionnaires. Analysis of data was done by use of t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In comparision between before and after admission of their sleep pattern, “sleep onset” tends to be delayed and nocturnal sleep time was significantly reduced. So, hospitalized elderly reported less total sleep time than before admission. 2. Regarding the sleep disturbing factors, medication(hypnotics ; 37.5%), physiological factor (snoring ; 59.4%) environmental factor (pillow ; 78.1%), emotional factor(anxiety related to disease ; 37.5%), and illness factor(fatigue ; 34.7%) were reported. 3. Significant differences in gender were found. Men had more disturbances in sleep than women owing to difficulty in falling a sleep and lack of nocturnal sleep. Women consumed more sleep inducing drugs. Significant increase was reported in napping during the day with increasing age. 4. Significant differences between good sleepers and poor sleepers were found for the following variables : nocturnal sleep time, total sleep time, bed time, sleep onset latency time, sleep latency time after nocturnal awakening, time spent in bed upon arousal, environmental factors, and emotional factors. In conclusion, it was found that the quantity and quality of sleep were significantly altered in hospitalized elderly, but adequate strategies for better sleep were not practiced. Further research is needed to develop Intervention strategies to promote sleep and to prevent sleep problems.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.410-422
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• 1998

To promote health status, strategies and interventions to improve nutrition should be based on the proper diagnosis of the subject's eating patterns. The elderly usually have traditional food habits and preferences, and it is very difficult to change them. This study was designed to identify dietary behavior and food preference of the elderly, in order to provide baseline data for the Elderly Nutrition Intervention Program for the Public Health Center. A survey questionnaire was made for use by trained interviewers to query 151elderly people from 5 community elderly centers located in Suwon, Korea. The majority of them ate regularly and partook of all available side dishes. Their major dietary problems were frequent consumptions of salty foods, and eating too quickly. They consumed grains and vegetables regularly, but seldomly ate dairy products, fruits, meat and food prepared with oil. They also tended to eschew ready made processed food, high cholesterol food, and fast food. Also they did not dine out as much as younger people. Desirable eating habit score were not significantly influenced by socioeconomic variables and nutrition-related characteristics. These included nutrition knowledge, Nutritional Risk Index(NRI) and a score of health concerns. However, meal balance scores were significantly higher in the younger group(p<.05), the higher household income group(p<.05). According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, NRI was the most important determinant of a desirable eating habit score for the male elderly, whereas the score of health concerns was mo9st important for female elderly subjects. The greatest predictor of the meal f balance score was nutrition knowledge. The elderly liked sweet tasting food, grains, rice, stews and Korean style soups. They disliked sour food, dairy products, processed food, and bread. The results indicate that the Elderly Nutrition Education Program should focus on increasing consumption of dairy products, fruits and food with oil, prepared by traditional Korean cooking methods. It also suggests that the program planning should consider the socioeconomic status of the elderly, such as income and education level, as well as concern for health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2023

Background: The establishment of a strategy for the reduction and prevention of oral disease, a global pervasive disease, is considered one of the important national health policy strategies. In Korea, the 5th Comprehensive National Health Promotion Plan is currently in progress, but there is insufficient research on the transition process or improvement direction in the field of oral health. Methods: Changes in Comprehensive National Health Promotion Plan's Oral health sector in three countries were compared, and the direction of the three countries (Korea, the United States, and Canada) in accordance with the recent Oral health paradigm was confirmed. In this study, we reviewed the existing literature using the narrative review method to draw implications for strategies and directions for oral health promotion in Korea. Results: In Korea, the oral health promotion strategy is included in the 5th Comprehensive National Health Promotion Plan, and the project is being led by the government. The United States prepared a national-led oral health promotion strategy and suggested multi-disciplinary cooperation to improve overall oral health and reduce the oral health inequality. For more active intervention, Canada established an oral health-related department and assigned experts, while emphasizing cooperation between the government and the private sector. Conclusion: As a result of this study, Korea is also making efforts to improve oral health, but more active government intervention is needed to reduce the inequality in oral health by population group. To this end, it is necessary to establish a strong multi-sectoral cooperation system and prepare a strategy for implementation.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2024

Background: Standing frames are a common intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP), yet there is a lack of standardized dosing recommendations, impeding the enhancement of treatment outcomes in this population. Objects: This paper aims to optimize dosing strategies for standing frame programs in children with CP. It evaluates effective durations and frequencies for using standing frames to improve gait, hip joint integrity, functional activities, joint range of motion, and muscle tone. The goal is to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations to guide practitioners in treating pediatric CP patients. Methods: A comprehensive research was conducted across seven databases, yielding 23 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Strength of evidence was assessed using established tools. Clinical recommendations were formulated based on the amalgamation of existing evidence. Results: The paucity of evidence-based dosing recommendations for children with CP supported standing device is highlighted in this review. Key findings suggest that standing frames implemented 5 days per week demonstrate positive effects on gait (45 minutes/day, 3 times/week), hip joint integrity (60 minutes/day), functional activities (60 minutes/day in 30° to 60° of bilateral hip abduction), joint range of motion (60 minutes/day), and muscle tone (30 minutes/day). Conclusion: This systematic review of the treatment regimens for children with CP is providing useful insights to the dosing strategies of standing frames. The evidence supports a 30-60 minutes per day and 3-5 days a week intervention with specified durations for optimal outcomes. In enhancing the effectiveness of standing frames, as well as promoting evidence-based practices in the management of children with CP, these clinical recommendations offer guidance for practitioners.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.51
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• pp.93-118
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a psycho-educational group intervention in reducing psychologic distress and enhancing coping in Korean breast cancer patients. The patient selection criteria were age younger than 70 years, having any postoperative adjuvant therapy, and surgery undergone within the previous 12 months as of the start of the study and there were 70 patients eligible for this criteria. They were randomized into three groups; experimental group(24 patients), wait-list control group(24 patients) and wait-list group(36 patients). We conducted a 8-week, structured, psychosocial group intervention, which used psycho-educational strategies combining education and psychological support. Subjects were assessed for psychological distress and coping by administering the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised(WCCL-R) at the baseline and after 8 weeks. Forty eight patients were participated and thirty five patients completed the study. The experimental group had significantly lower scores than the controls for depression on the BDI(p=.012) after 8-week intervention. However, coping did not show a significant difference on WCCL-R after the intervention. Despite of some limitations, the results of this study suggest that a short term psychosocial group intervention produces a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients with primary breast carcinoma in Korea in terms of managing depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.893-904
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• 2000

The sample of this study consisted of 140 informal caregivers who provided care to the older adults(over 60 years of age) in Great Cleveland, USA. Self-rated questionnaires were utilized to collect information. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies most frequently utilized by informal caregivers of older adults and to examine predictors of the caregivers' health responses to the caregiving situation applying Lazarus and Folkman stress model(1984). Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors among caregivers' demographic-socio-economic factors, older adult's dependency of activities of daily living(ADLs), caregiver's appraisal to the caregiving situation, and coping strategies. Informal caregivers (N=140) included in the study utilized help-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies more than self-blame and minimization of threat coping strategies. Caregivers' responses to the caregiving situation were observed by caregivers' perceived physical health, depression and life satisfaction. For perceived physical health, threat appraisal, older adult's dependency on ADLs, existential growth coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 25% of the variance. Caregivers who appraised the caregiving situation as more threatening, reported higher dependency on ADLs, used more existential growth coping strategy, and had higher monthly income reported better physical health. For depression, threat appraisal, stress appraisal, existential growth coping strategy, self-blame coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 48% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping and less self-blame coping, appraised the situation as less threatening, less stressful, and had higher monthly income reported less depression. For life satisfaction, self-blame coping, existential growth coping, monthly income, stress appraisal accounted for 49% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping, less self-blame coping, less stress appraisal, lower monthly income reported better life satisfaction. In conclusion, informal caregivers in this study utilized positive coping strategies such as problem-focused, existential growth, help-seeking, rather than negative coping strategies including self-blame. When they utilized positive coping strategies more often, caregivers experienced higher perceived physical health, higher life satisfaction and lower depression. Therefore, nursing intervention which utilized positive coping strategies is needed to enhance informal caregivers to have positive health responses to the caregiving demands.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.365-382
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• 2019

This study aimed to analyze the moderated effects of mathematics test-preparation strategies in the relation between elementary school students' epistemological beliefs about mathematics and test anxiety. The moderated effects were tested by using structural equation modeling with the Ping's two-step approach. The subjects were 810 6th graders (411 male, 399 female) from 13 elementary schools situated in G Metropolitan City. Tests for epistemological beliefs about mathematics, test anxiety, and mathematics test-preparation strategies were used as measurement scales. The results of this study were as follows. The moderated effects of mathematics test-preparation strategies in the relation between epistemological beliefs about mathematics and test anxiety were statistically significant. Higher level of epistemological belief about mathematics were linked to lower level of test anxiety, while lower level of epistemological belief about mathematics led to an increased influence of test-preparation strategies levels on test anxiety. Students who had higher levels of epistemological belief about mathematics displayed lower level of test anxiety when using high levels of test-preparation strategies. Students who scored lower in the epistemological belief about mathematics had lower level of test anxiety when employing low levels of test-preparation strategies. Therefore, to lower the level of test anxiety among elementary students, the intervention program need to consider the appropriate levels of test-preparation strategies in accordance with each student's level of epistemological belief about mathematics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-253
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of practical communication strategies (PCS) on the reduction of AEs (Adverse Events) in pediatric cardiac ICU (PCICU). Methods: Intra-operative findings and care plans were documented and shared between staff members on a daily basis from the day of operation to the day of general ward transfer. Incidence of AEs was investigated in all patients who were admitted to the PCICU and was compared with incidence of AEs one year after establishment of PCS. Results: The study population consisted of 216 patients in pre-PCS group and 156 patients in post-PCS group. Incidence of readmission decreased from 6.0% (13/216) in pre-PCS group to 0.6% (1/156) in post-PCS group (${\chi}^2=7.23$, p=.010). Incidence of other major complications decreased from 4.2% (9/216) to 0.6% (${\chi}^2=6.66$, p=.012). Minor AEs such as intervention omission, order error, and protocol misunderstanding were reduced from 23.3 cases per 100 patient-days to 7.5 cases per 100 patient-days (${\chi}^2=20.31$, p<.001). Conclusion: Handover protocol is an effective strategy to reduce AEs for critically ill patients after pediatric cardiac surgery. Efforts to develop effective communication strategies should be continued and outcome research about communication strategies for patient safety should be further studied.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2011

Research on elderly suicide has increased since 2000. It indicates that elderly suicide is receiving a great attention as a part of elderly problems, and policy efforts are needed. However, most of existing research on elderly suicide focused on factors of elderly suicide. Therefore discussion about suicidal prevention measures is staying on general and suggestive level. As a result, this study is trying to seek effective prevention strategies of elderly suicide through systematic analysis of suicidal factors and sporadic policy proposals presented in existing research. To achieve this, the relevant research papers among academic journals registered with Korea Research Foundation are analyzed. According to the results, while the ordinary elderly tended to require macro level of intervention, the potential-risky elderly were inclined to need all of micro and moderate level of prevention efforts. Above all, secondary prevention must be more emphasized in moderate level. In the future direction of research, based on prevention strategies as stated above, it is recommended to entail discussion of what kind of a specific program and policy should be invented and how it should be operated.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 2001

Recently attention has been focused on the effects of early intervention, or its lack, on both normal and preterm infants. Particularly numerous studies suggest that premature infants are not necessarily understimulated but instead are subjected to inappropriate stimulation. Developmental support and sensory stimulation have become clinical opportunities in which nursing practice can impact on the neurobehavioral outcome of premature infants. Developmental care has been widely accepted and implemented in neonatal intensive care units across the country. Increasingly, attention and concern in caring for low-birth-weight infants and premature infants has led clinicians in the field to explore the effects of a complex of interventions designed to create and maintain a developmentally supportive environment; to provide age-appropriate sensory input; and to protect the infant from inappropriate, excessive and stressful stimulation. The components of developmental care include modifications of the macro-environment to reduce NICU light and sound levels, care clustering, nonnutritive sucking, and containment strategies, such as flexed positioning or swaddling. Sensory stimulation of the premature infants is presented to standardize the modification of a developmental intervention based on physiologic and behavioral cues. The most appropriate type of stimuli are those that are sensitive to infant cues. Evaluation of infant physiological and behavioral responds to specific intervention stimuli may help to identify more appropriate interventions based on infants' cues. A critical question confronting the clinician is that of determining when the evidence supporting a change in practice is sufficient to justify making that change. There are acknowledged limitations in the current studies. Many of the studies examined had small sample sizes; used nonprobability sampling; and used a phase lag design, which introduces the possibility of threats to internal validity and limits the generalizability of the results. Although many issues regarding the effects of developmental interventions remain unresolved, the available research base documents significant benefits of developmental care for LBW infants in consistent outcomes, without significant adverse effects. Particularly, although the individual studies vary somewhat in the definition of specific outcomes measured, instrumentation used, time and method of data collection, and preparaion of the care providers, in all studies, infants receiving the full protocol of individualized developmentally supportive care had improvements in some aspect of four areas of infant functioning: level of respiratory or oxygen support, the establishment of oral feeding; length of hospital stay, and infant behavioral regulation. In summary, based on the available literature, individualized developmental intervention should be incorporated into standard practice in neonatal intensive care. And this implementation needs to be coupled with ongoing research to evaluate the impact of an individualized developmental care programs on the short- and long-tenn health outcomes of LBW infants.