• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.97-121
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• 2003

The reciprocal relationship between the interpersonal tie and the internet dependency is focused in the study. Mainly, chi-squire test and ANOVA are used in testing the hypothesized relationship of the internet dependency with the interpersonal tie before and after using internet. The strong relationship with the internet dependency is found in internet's both-directional communicating function such as chatting, game, gambling, etc. The level of internet dependency is high when individual's tie with friends, colleagues, or neighbors is strong; but it is lower when individual's emotional tie with family members is stronger. It is confirmed that excessive usage of internet damages family relationship. Conversely, it is also clear that the emotional support from family members is essential for preventing or enhancing internet dependency. This implies that internet dependency is not an individual problem, but that it should be treated under the consideration of his/her family system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.208-217
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• 2018

This study was designed to examine the influence of academic stress, anxiety, interpersonal dependency, and hopelessness on female high school students and their level of depression. The study subjects were 684 students attending an all-female high school in C city. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires between November 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2016. The data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN(ver. 21.0) program. The mean values of the level of depression were analyzed by the t-test and ANOVA. The correlation coefficientswereobtained by Pearson correlation analysis and acovariance structure analysis was performed on the factors affecting the level of depression. It was found that the level of depression among all of the subjects was significantly higher within the group with a higher level of academic stress, anxiety, interpersonal dependency, and hopelessness. Thus, the level of depression was positively correlated with the levels of academic stress, anxiety, interpersonal dependency, and hopelessness. The factor that had the most influence on depression was the anxiety factor, followed by interpersonal dependency and academic stress. This result suggests that the level of depression in female high school students has a causal relationship with academic stress, anxiety, interpersonal behavioral characteristics, and hopelessness. Therefore, the most effective strategy to reduce the level of depression among female high school students would appear to be efforts to decrease their academic stress, anxiety, and interpersonal dependency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of empathy, self-control, and smartphone dependency on the interpersonal relationships of nursing students. The survey participants were 157 students in A city. The data was collected through self-report questionnaires that were obtained from May 27 2019 to May 31 2019. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent t-tests, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis of the SPSS 14.0 program. As a result, self-control (F=5.319, p=.006) and smartphone dependency (F=4.854, p=.009) showed significant differences according to the school records. Smartphone dependency (t=-3.381, p<.001) showed significant differences according to smartphone use. Age was found to have a statistically positive correlation with self-control (r=.194, p=.015) and it had a negative correlation with smartphone dependency (r=-.223, p=.005). Self-control was found to have a statistically positive correlation with empathy (r=.244, p<.01), interpersonal relationship (r=.540, p<.001). and negative correlation with smartphone dependency (r=-.432, p<.001). Empathy was found to have a statistically positive correlation with interpersonal relationships (r=.476, p<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of interpersonal relationships were self-control (β=.477, p<.001), empathy (β=.359, p<.001), and smartphone use (β=.208, p<.01) which accounted for 45.0% of all the variance (F=12.029 p<.01). An enhancement program of nursing students' interpersonal relationships is needed that considers their self-control, empathy, and smartphone use.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.83-96
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in cellular phone dependency and its use levels of usage purposes according to children's gender, and also to analyze the differences in individual and interpersonal relations development due to cellular phone dependency in children based on gender. Using the first year data of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) 2010, this study analyzed 1,604 fourth graders who have their own cellular phones. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were calculated and mean difference analyses were conducted. The results showed that there was no difference between boys and girls in cellular phone dependency. The girls' total phone use level was higher than that of boys and meaningful gender differences in the phone use levels were found in the five phone usage purposes. In both boys and girls, the higher phone dependency groups demonstrated higher levels of phone use in more than eight usage purposes, lower self-resilience and self-regulating learning ability, and less positive peer and teacher relations. These findings show the importance of being concerned about and educating children in the fourth grade about the proper uses of cellular phones.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.213-224
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• 2019

This study investigates the effect of depressive vulnerability on the interpersonal problems of university students. We explore the moderating effects of ego-resilience on the relation between depressive vulnerability and interpersonal problems. We selected 380 university students as participants from Daegu and Gyeongsan cities. Collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, moderating effect with SPSS 23.0. PROCESS, a SPSS macro program developed by Hayes (2013). The findings are as follows. First, there were significant correlations between non-sociability and dependency, self-criticism, non-self-assertiveness, over-consideration, dominance, personal relations, emotion control, and optimism. Second, ego-resilience was found to moderate the relationship between depressive vulnerability and non-self- assertiveness, over-consideration, and dominance among university students. This study suggests that intervention to address ego-resilience are important to resolve the interpersonal problems of university students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.209-218
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• 2017

This study examined the influence of social support (social support from family, social support from friends), psychological behavioral characteristics (self-esteem, interpersonal dependency, locus of control), and stress on the depression levels of college students. The study subjects were 546 college students in D city. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in October 2015. As a result, the depression levels were significantly higher in the group showing lower family and friends' social support, self-esteem, and locus of control, while it was significantly higher in the group showing higher interpersonal dependency and stress. The depression levels of the subjects showed a negative correlation with family and friends' social support, self-esteem, and locus of control, but a positive correlation with interpersonal dependency and stress. Covariance structure analysis revealed an increase in the depression levels of college students when the awareness of the stress source was higher, and when the awareness of social support or psychological behavioral characteristics was lower. These results suggest that the depression levels of college students would be increased when the social support and psychological behavioral characteristics are low, and when stress is high. In particular, it was influenced much more by stress than other factors. Therefore, to decrease the depression levels of college students, it would be necessary to put efforts to understand their main stress sources and then reduce them.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.118-132
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the learning perception of aviation service subjects using role play on the interpersonal competence, learning satisfaction, and learning outcomes of college students majoring in aviation service. A survey was conducted targeting 217 university students majoring in aviation service who are enrolled in universities in the metropolitan area and Chungcheong area and have experience in class using role play. In addition, the hypothesis is verified using the structural equation model. Among the perceptions of role play classes experienced by university students majoring in aviation service, 'inter-dependency' was found to have a positive (+) effect on all sub-factors of interpersonal competence. And 'usefulness' confirmed the positive (+) influence relationship with 'temperament for others' and 'communication' except for 'relationship promotion' of interpersonal ability. Among sub-factor of interpersonal competence, it is confirmed that only the factors of 'temperament for others' and 'communication' had an effect on learning satisfaction. And it is proved that learning satisfaction is an important determinant of learning outcomes. Therefore, this study is expected to serve as a basis for deriving an efficient and optimal learning method for practical subjects in aviation service majors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.229-242
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• 2009

This study investigates how bioecological variables affect the child's multiple intelligence through independent and interactional ways. The subjects of this study were 147 pairs of 5-year-old children and their mothers, and the Project Spectrum was employed to measure multiple intelligences. Each mothers was asked to answer a questionnaire on her child's temperament, her maternal parenting style, 'goodness of fit' and 'the fit of child's intelligence'. Data were analyzed using a factor analysis and a hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS WIN 15.0. The main findings were as followings; First, 'the goodness of fit' to the child's temperament moderated the effect of a maternal parenting style that would foster child's dependency on the mathematical intelligence through interaction. 'The fit of child's intelligence' also moderated the effect of maternal positive parenting style to the child's mathematical intelligence. Second, in language intelligence, girls were more verbally intelligent than boys. In that regard, because the sex variable entails a combination of both inherent attribute and social-cultural effects, that result can be interpreted as an interaction between the individual and the environment. Lastly, a maternal parenting style that would foster child's dependency moderated the effect of the child's regular temperament on interpersonal intelligence. This means that the child's regular temperament can be a protective factor for the negative effect of a maternal parenting style that would foster child's dependency This study suggests that interactional factors such as 'goodness of fit' should be considered in studies involving children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.219-230
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify factors influencing depression symptoms among college students. To accomplish this, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 546 college students from October 1st to November 30th, 2015. Univariate analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate regression analysis between variables were then conducted using depression symptoms as the dependent variable and other relevant factors as independent variables. The level of depression among the subjects differed significantly according to personal attributes, family life and school life characteristics, as well as health related behavioral characteristics. The risk of depression was significantly higher in the lower group than the higher group of family and friends social support, the lower group than the higher group of self-esteem, the lower group than the higher group of locus of control, and in the high risk stress group than the normal stress group. Factors influencing depression symptoms included religion, social support from family, social support from friends, interpersonal dependency, locus of control, and stress were identified as significant variables, indicating that depression among college students is related to diverse elements including sociodemographic characteristics, social support from family/friends, interpersonal dependency, locus of control, and stress. Depression symptoms significantly increased when social support from family or friends, low psychological behavior characteristics are low, and when stress is high. Thus, it is necessary to understand factors related to depression and reduce them to decrease depression levels of college students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.88-117
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• 1990

The purposes of this study are to delineate a profile of the state of a stroke patient's adaptation at 3 months after hospitalization and to explore the relationship between the level of adaptation and the variables which influence the adaptation of hemiplegic patients. To these ends, theoretical framework was derived basically from the stress adaptation model. The basic assumption underlying the level of adaptation is influenced by the presenting focal, contextual and residual stimuli. This group of stimuli is further operationalized and represented by a perception of stress. which is the perceived effect of the disability and by the mediating variables such as sociodemographic factors as an external conditioning variables and perceived social support and hardiness personality characteristics as an internal intervening variables. The dependent varibales in this study is the level of physical, psychological and social adaptation and is hypothesized to be a function of the interaction between 3 sets of variables namely, the perceived disability effect, external conditioning variables and internal intevening varibles. A total of fourty three subjects from 3 general hospitals in Seoul were observed and interviewed with the aid of 7 structured instruments. The data were collected twice on each subject : first at the pre-discharge period arid at 3 months post-discharge from hospital for the second time. The study was carried out for the period from February to August, 1988. The instruments used for the study include 4 existing scales and 3 scales developed by the researcher for this study. They are : 1) The ADL dependency scale and the scale of the clinical physical functions for the assessment of physical adaptation. 2) the SDS(self report of depression) to measure the level of psychological adaptation. 3) The scale for the amount of social activities for the measurement of the level of social adaptation. 4) The scale for the perceived effect of disability for the measurement of the focal stimuli. 5) The health related hardiness scale and the perceived interpersonal support self evaluation list(ISEL) for the measurement of the hardiness personality character and the perceived social support. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, oneway ANOVA, Pearson coefficients correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The findings provide valuable information about the present level of physical adaptation at 3 months after discharge. The patient revealed a decreased ADL dependency and lowered limitation of physical function as compared with pre - discharge state. Psycholcgically, the average degree of depression at follow up was within normal range of depression. Socially, the amount of social activities was very low. The one way ANOVA and the correlational analysis revealed the relationship between the 3 sets of variables and the adaptation level as follows : 1) The perceived disability effect was related to the degree of the depression and the amount of social activities but was not related to the physical adaptation. 2) Among the sociodemographic variables, sex and education were related to the difference of ADL dependency and the change of physical function. These factors indicate that women more than men and educated more than the less educated were found more independent. The education was also related to the degree of depression suggesting that the higher the educational level, the more well adapted the patients were both physically and psychologically. Age, marital status and job state were not found to be related to the patient's adaptation level. 3) Among the internal intervening variables, the health related hardiness characteristic was related to the differences of ADL dependency, physical functions and the social activities, indicating that the higher the hardiness character the higher the level of physical and social adaptation. 4) The perceived social support, another internal intervening variable, was related to the degree of depression and the social activities. This data suggest that the higher the perception of social support, the better adapted the patients were psychogically and socially. In summarizing the results of the correlational analysis, the level of physical adaptation was influenced by sex, the years of education and the hardiness character. The level of psychological adaptation was influenced by the years of education, the perceived disability effect and the perceived social support. And the level of social adaptation was influenced by the perceived disability effect, the hardiness character and the perceived social support. The stepwise multiple regression analysis shows findings as follows : 1) The most important factor to explain the difference of ADL dependency was sex, indicating females were more independent than males. 2) The most important factor to explain the difference of physical function and the degree of depression was the patient's education level. 3) The strongest explaining factor for the amount of social activities was perceived self esteem(one of the subconcepts of perceived social support). Thus the most important factors influencing the level of adaptation were found to be sex, education, the hardiness character and self esteem. From the above findings, the significance of this study can be delineated as follows : 1) Corroboration of the assumed relationship between the various variables and the adaptation level as suggested in the conceptual model. 2) Support for the feasibility of the cognitive approach for nursing intervention such as hardness character training, counselling and teaching for self-care in the chronic patients.