• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

Smart learning is augmented with digital, context-aware, and adaptable technologies to encourage students to learn better and faster. To ensure that digital learning is successful and that implementation is efficient, it is critical that the dimensions of digital learning are arranged correctly and that interactions between the various elements are merged in an efficient and optimal manner. This paper builds and discusses a basic framework for smart learning in the digital age, aimed to improve students' abilities and performance in learning. The proposed framework consists of five dimensions: Teacher, Technology, Learner, Digital content, and Evaluation. The Teacher and Learner dimensions operate on two levels: (a) an abstract level to fit in knowledge and skills or interpersonal characteristics and (b) a concrete level in the form of digital devices used by teachers and learners. Moreover, this paper proposes asynchronous online course delivery model. An Arabic smart learning platform has been developed, based on these smart learning core dimensions and the asynchronous online course delivery model, because despite the official status of this language in many countries, there is a lack of Arabic platforms to teach Arabic. Moreover, many non-native Arabic speakers around the world have expressed an interest in learning it. The Arabic digital platform consists of over 70 lessons classified into three competence levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced, delivered by Arabic experts and Arabic linguists from various Arab countries. The five dimensions are described for the Arabic platform in this paper. Learner dimension is the Arabic and non-Arabic speakers, Teacher dimension is Arabic experts and Arabic linguistics, Technology dimension consists of technology for Arabic platform that includes web design, cloud computing, big data, etc. The digital contents dimension consists of web-based video, records, etc. The evaluation dimension consists of Teachers rating, comments, and surveys.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1230-1242
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to uncover the expertise of ICU nursing in Korea, and to describe nurses' practice based on the degree of skill acquisition. A total of 18 ICU nurses participated in the study. The data was collected through individual in-depth interviews and it was managed using the NUDIST 4.0 software program. The data was analyzed using interpretive phenomenology suggested by Benner. Four properties of expertise of ICU nursing were identified. These are 1) concern and love toward patients; 2) knowledge; 3) skill, and 4) abilities in interpersonal relationships. And the characterisitcs of four levels of skill acquisition, that is advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert, were described with exemplars. The results of this study might help nurse researchers clarify and elaborate on the concept of expertise in ICU nursing, and enable them to understand how the process of skill acquisition occurs in the ICU setting. They might also help nurse managers establish educational goals for ICU nursing for student or novice nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2018

This research aimed to determine what male nursing students experienced in the course of serving in a medical care unit in the military and how this experience affected the nursing curriculum after they returned to school. This study was intended to provide basic information on nursing education for male nursing students. This qualitative research conducted a focus group interview to gather comprehensive data that are common among the subjects, in which 15 male nursing college students who experienced serving in a medical unit were divided into three focus groups. The results of this study identified five themes: 'recognition of the various role of a medic', 'caring ability and management of rare diseases', 'adaptation to different works in each military ranks', 'recognition of health care networks', and 'prerequisite learning of school subjects'. It was concluded that experience as a medic during military service helped to develop various capabilities, and these competencies were shown to guide students to demonstrate their abilities in a school environment or help accomplish their given tasks with confidence and establish interpersonal relationships as nurses in the future. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for demonstrating that male nursing student's experience as a medic during military service aids to reinforce not only personal and academic capabilities but also the skills needed as a nurse.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Purpose - This study aimed to (a) investigate the effects of emotional intelligence on customer orientation, (b) examine the impact of customer orientation on customer relationship management (CRM) performance (including CRM-related variables such as 'relationship commitment,' 'image of corporation,' and 'customer loyalty'), and (c) identify the conceptual framework of emotional intelligence. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected using a questionnaire given to a sample of employees of luxury hotels in the metropolitan area. To test the hypotheses, AMOS were conducted for the 271 respondents of the sample using the SPSS Win 17.0 software. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has been on the radar of many leaders and managers over the past few decades. Emotional intelligence is generally accepted to be a combination of emotional and interpersonal competencies that influence behavior, thoughts, and interactions with others. Emotional intelligence consists of four factors: understanding the self's emotion, understanding other people's emotions, emotion utilization, and emotion control. Understanding the self's emotion means to understand of my own emotions. Understanding other people's emotions is to understand of the emotions of the people around me and to know how my friends feel based on their behavior. The concept of emotion utilization means to set goals for myself and then try to achieve them, encouraging myself to do my best. The concept of emotion control means I can control my temper, handle difficult situations rationally, and calm down quickly when I am very angry. Results - As a result of the analysis, three factors (understanding the self's emotion, understanding of other people's emotions, and emotion utilization) were shown to have a significant effect on customer orientation. Emotion control had an insignificant effect on customer orientation. Only emotion control makes it difficult to solve customers' problems because it is a passive behavior. In order to solve the customers' problems, hotel employees have to show a positive attitude. Second, customer orientation had a significant effect on customer relationship management performance (customer relationship commitment, corporate image, and customer loyalty). In other words, customer orientation increases commitment to customer relationships. For example, employees who have a customer-orientated perspective provide good service to their customers, while employees who don't have a customer-orientated perspective can't satisfy their customers. Customer orientation can also generate a good image among customers, because they evaluate the image of a hotel through the behavior of hotel employees. So it is very important for employees to show excellent customer orientation. Conclusions - It is very important for hotel CEOs to manage their employees' emotional intelligence. In order to increase their employees' emotional intelligence abilities, CEOs have to manage the overall corporate culture and reward programs to achieve what they want. This is because the system can lead to a customer-orientated mind-set and CRM performance among employees. As a result, the hotel CEO has to pay attention to the emotional intelligence of employees to achieve strong CRM performance. The sentence as originally written was a bit unclear. If this edit does not retain your intended meaning please consider: "Only emotion control does not have a significant impact on customer orientation, and therefore on the ability of an employee to solve customer problems, because it is a passive behavior." Please use the version of the sentence that best captures your original meaning.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.465-484
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among savoring, happiness and optimism of elementary school students. This study is also expected to provide basic informations for the promotion of the happiness and optimism of elementary school students. The subjects were 495 fifth and sixth graders from 10 primary schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The measurement were the savoring test, the happiness test and the optimism test. The collected data was analyzed using the i-STATistics program(Kim & Baker, 2012). The study results were as followings: First, female students had higher scores than male students in the savoring test, the happiness test and the optimism test. And there were significant gender differences in savoring, happiness and optimism. Second, there was a significantly positive correlation between savoring and happiness(home environment, self-attributes, abilities, and interpersonal relationships) at the level of p<0.001. And the regression analysis result showed that savoring contains explanatory power of 60.70% for happiness. Third, there was a significantly positive correlation between savoring and optimism(expectations for the future) at the level of p<0.001. And the regression analysis result showed that savoring contains explanatory power of 66.51% for optimism. The result of this study shows that savoring has a high correlation to happiness and optimism. Happiness and optimism of children can be enhanced by increasing savoring. Therefore, the development and verification of savoring program for children is required.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of individual characteristics of college students on the basic skills of the profession. The results of this study are as follows. First, the effect of personal characteristics of college students on self - development ability was significantly influenced by outward personality (.423) at p <.001 level. Second, introspective personality (p <.05, ${\beta}=.268$) and outward personality (p <.001, ${\beta}=5.862$) had a significant effect on the information ability and $R^2=.389$ showed an explanatory power of 38.9%. Third, personal characteristics did not have a statistically significant effect on interpersonal abilities. Fourth, personal characteristics are related to self - development ability and outward personality (.144), self - development ability and information ability (.201), self - development ability and introvert personality (.120) There is a correlation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of job characteristics on the basic competence of the upper and lower group through the diagnosis of the basic competence of individual characteristics and to verify the effectiveness of the study.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2019

In this study, The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the effect of residential and itinerant education, as well as local social welfare services on the social adaptation behavior and self-efficiency of disabled students. To this end, a preliminary investigation, program execution, and post-examination was conducted on 5 disabled students during a period of 6 months from March 6^th of 2018 to September 5^th of the same year. The results of the study is as follows. First, residential and itinerant education as well as local social welfare services appear to be closely related to the social adaptation behavior of the disabled students, especially in terms of social cognition, interpersonal relations, social adaptation, and vocational function. Second, participating in local social welfare services has been proven to improve the self-efficiency of the subjects, leading to increased self-confidence and trust in their own abilities. As the result of this study was positively accepted by the residential educators, local social welfare service researchers, disabled center workers, volunteer workers, and family members of the students, it proposes a practical implication for creating more diverse social adaptation behavior improvement programs by connecting residential and itinerant education with local social welfare services.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on child care teachers' self-efficacy in teaching science. Subjects were 297 childhood teachers who were working at a day care center. The data were collected by using three questionnaires(Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instruments, Inventory of Science Attitude, and Attitude Test for Child Care Teachers). The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and step-wise Regression. The results of this study are as follows; First, there were positive correlations between aptitude for child care teacher and self-efficacy in teaching science. Second, there were positive correlations between science attitude and self-efficacy in teaching science of child care teachers. Third, the significant predictors of self-efficacy in teaching science were interest in science, social value of science, interpersonal relationship management abilities, and positive emotions. The results of this study can be used to develop effective teacher training programs for early childhood science education.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2020

Objectives: We investigated the differences in cognitive and emotional empathic ability between adolescents and adults, and the differences of the brain activation during cognitive and emotional empathy tasks. Methods: Adolescents (aged 13-15 years, n=14) and adults (aged 19-29 years, n=17) completed a range of empathic ability questionnaires and were scanned functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during both cognitive and emotional empathy task. Differences in empathic ability and brain activation between the groups were analyzed. Results: Both cognitive and emotional empathic ability were significantly lower in the adolescent compared to the adult group. Comparing the adolescent to the adult group showed that brain activation was significantly greater in the right transverse temporal gyrus (BA 41), right insula (BA 13), right superior parietal lobule (BA 7), right precentral gyrus (BA 4), and right thalamus whilst performing emotional empathy tasks. No brain regions showed significantly greater activation in the adolescent compared to the adult group while performing cognitive empathy task. In the adolescent group, scores of the Fantasy Subscale in the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which reflects cognitive empathic ability, negatively correlated with activity of right superior parietal lobule during emotional empathic situations (r=-0.739, p=0.006). Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that adolescents possess lower cognitive and emotional empathic abilities than adults do and require compensatory hyperactivation of the brain regions associated with emotional empathy or embodiment in emotional empathic situation. Compensatory hyperactivation in the emotional empathy-related brain areas among adolescents are likely associated with their lower cognitive empathic ability.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.44
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• pp.108-143
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• 2008

Candidate images refer to a holistic impression of a candidate which is composed of various dimensions of attributes. This study investigated how online and offline news media, campaign media such as political ads, televised debates, and candidate web-sites, and interpersonal political talk influenced voters' images of a candidate in such dimensions as personal traits, job-performance abilities, and policy capabilities, and further their political decision making in the 17th presidential election in Korea. The analysis focused on President Lee, Myung Bak who won the election by obtaining nearly 50% of the effective votes. According to the data analyses, first, uses of offline newspapers positively influenced voters' images of candidate Lee's personal traits such as his morality, integrity, trustworthiness, and compassion, yet online news uses had an opposite effect on voters' impression of his job-performance and economic policy capabilities. Secondly, among various campaign media, television ads and candidate web-sites positively contributed to the formation of candidate Lee's images, yet showed little direct effect on vote choice, indicating that campaign media mainly indirectly influenced voters' political decision making. Each of the first, second, and third televised candidate debates revealed unique effects on image formation and vote choice. Thirdly, the network size and frequency of political talk negatively influenced image formation regarding candidate Lee's personal traits and economic policy capabilities, yet the discussion network size positively contributed to the Lee votes. Forth, among various dimensions of candidate images, voters' perceptions of candidate Lee's personal traits appeared to be the most significant predictor of the support for him.