• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제61권
• /
• pp.327-358
• /
• 2014

During the past decade after entering the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has quickened its integration into the global economy while its foreign trade has been further invigorated. On the 10th anniversary of China's accession to the WTO, the Chinese government issues White Paper to give a comprehensive introduction to China's foreign trade development. Through this paper, the Chinese government introduces I. Historic Progress in China's Foreign Trade II. Reform of and Improvements to China's Foreign Trade System III. The Development of China's Foreign Trade Contributes to the World Economy IV. Promoting Basically Balanced Growth of Foreign Trade V. Constructing All-round Economic and Trade Partnerships with Mutually Beneficial Cooperation VI. Realizing Sustainable Development of Foreign Trade. At present, the underlying impact of the international financial crisis, the protracted, arduous and complicated nature of the world economic recovery is manifesting itself, and the global economic structure and trade layout face in-depth readjustment. China will make new adjustments to its foreign trade, in an effort to turn foreign trade from scale expansion to quality and profit improvement, and from mainly relying on its low-cost advantage to enhancing its comprehensive competitive edge, thereby turning China from a big trading country to a strong trading power. China's foreign trade is still hampered by many uncertainties and is bound to meet new difficulties and challenges. During the 12th Five-year Plan period China will open itself wider to the outside world as a driver for further reform, development and innovation, make full use of its advantages, strengthen international cooperation in all respects. And at the same time China integrate itself into the world economy on a wider scale and at a higher level. China is willing to work with its trading partners to cope with the various challenges facing the world economy and trade, and promote its foreign trade to realize a more balanced, coordinated and sustainable development, and share prosperity and mutually beneficial results with its trading partners.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제30권
• /
• pp.145-174
• /
• 2006

An anti-dumping has become the trade policy of choice for developing countries as well as advanced countries, hence it is the impending issue to the export-oriented countries including Korea. After colligating the analysis on the trade and industrial policy between Korea and China as well as the analysis on the preceding research, the main reasons of anti-dumping were selected as followings; an unemployment rate, real GDP growth rate and consumer price increase as internal factors, and trade balance, regional coefficient and trade specification index as external factors. Then, the research on how the above seven variable factors can affect the number of anti-dumping measures was accomplished. For the empirical analysis, the above information was used after reorganizing them by on the quarterly basis. Through the use of the correlation analysis, backward elimination of multiple regression analysis model and time-series analysis, it has appeared that the unemployment rate appeared to be the most important factors of anti-dumping measures in addition to the increase rate of trade balance. The variable such as the unemployment rate is uncontrollable for us, so it is appropriate to establish and operate an preemptive monitoring system based on the increasing rate of the amount of export and increasing rate of trade surplus.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제53권
• /
• pp.265-288
• /
• 2012

Trade in service, which deals with intangible product, is distinguished from trade of goods for tangible product. The current multilateral service trade is based on GATS which includes MFN, securing the predictability as well as transparency of related service rules, specific commitment basis market access national treatment. Recently the WTO service disputes are increasing according to the frequent filing complaints against the regulation of service trade in China. The rules of GATS are not as strict as those of GATT. The commitment schedules, which were materialized between members, gets binding effect through the obligatory provisions of GATS. The GATS is inseparable relation with the Appendix of finance, of telecommunication, and of air transport, with the schedules of commitment of member states, and with the reference paper to the 4th protocol. GATS article XIV which is the general exception of GATS has a similar structure of GATT article XX. Based on the possibility of filing to the WTO, there is a need to examine whether the whole rules, regulation, and policy international trade in service of Korea perfectly macthed with the GATS. Korea with poor resources should take up the more positive attitude for the opening of international service market. According to the reciprocal aspects of concession, if Korea doesn't open a service market, the other WTO member country wouldn't allow Korea to access the their market as well as national treatment.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.29-55
• /
• 2015

국제무역거래를 수행하는 과정에는 거래 관련 제비용이 수반되며, 이러한 비용은 국가별 경쟁 및 기업간 경쟁의 주요한 변수이기 때문에 제비용 및 시간의 절감을 통한 경쟁력 강화는 필수 요건이다. 본 연구에서는 기존연구의 문헌적 자료를 기반으로 2014년 11월 27일 타결된 WTO 무역원활화협정(Trade Facilitation Agreement)의 주요 논의 및 내용을 기반으로 무역원활화를 위한 전자무역의 역할을 살펴보았다. 무역원활화협정에서 제1절과 제2절에 다수의 조항들이 전자무역과 관련된 사항들이 나열되었으며, 공통적인 특징은 인터넷을 기반으로 전자화된 서류는 정보와 서류의 흐름을 신속하게 하며 시간과 비용을 절약할 수 있기 때문에 적극 활용하도록 권고하고 있다. 급변하는 국제통상환경하에서 전자무역은 기업 및 국가의 경쟁력을 달성할 수 있는 중요한 수단중의 하나이며, 이러한 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 무역원활화를 위한 전자무역관련 기술을 지속적으로 개발하고 국가간에 교류가 요구된다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.176-191
• /
• 2023

Purpose - When recovered through arbitration a contractual penalty that is disproportionately high can become grounds for challenging an arbitral award or an obstacle to its enforcement within Russian jurisdiction. This article investigates how violation of the principle of proportionality can affect the enforcement and challenging of arbitral awards in Russia. Based on the examination of the current legislation, along with the analysis of recent court cases on the subject, the ultimate object of this article is to discern practical recommendations for Korean practitioners who are looking to challenge and/or enforce arbitral awards in Russian courts. Design/methodology - The research process included the reviewing of current Russian legislation conducted in concurrence with academic literature review, searching and analyzing recent court cases where the relevant legal provisions and concepts were applied, and formulating practical implications of the research at its final stage. Findings - Through its relation to the principle of fairness/justice the authors establish the connection between the principle of proportionality and the public policy of Russia. Analysis of recent court cases showed two conflicting trends of whether a disproportionate penalty can be considered a public policy violation. The authors offer practical recommendations on how to substantiate a relevant claim regarding contractual penalty reduction by the court, depending on the desired outcome. Originality/value - The article contains an up-to-date summary of the legal provisions on the principle of proportionality of civil liability in Russia and identifies the most recent trends in court practice on the issue that is not covered by existing studies.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the revitalization of the green logistics of Korean companies by presenting the current status and problems of Korean logistics as influenced by government policies. This paper analyzes green logistics from a legal and institutional perspective. Analysis focuses on low-carbon green growth measures and government policy, especially for CO₂ reduction. It considers how policies can be enacted to promote green logistics. This study reports several findings on green logistics in Korea. First, it reports the theoretical considerations of the Republic's green logistics. Second, the study details the current status and problems of green logistics. Third, it considers ways to implement a green economy, green technology, and green transportation, while also considering arguments for avoiding these eco-friendly solutions. Fourth, it argues that revitalization measures are needed to establish an advanced logistics system for eco-friendly green logistics facilities. To achieve this revitalization, Korean logistics should be competitive in the global logistics market. This study may contribute to the expansion of the industrial cooperation of Korean logistics companies by presenting necessary review tasks for governmental green logistics policies, although the issue has long been important to Korean logistics.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제49권
• /
• pp.189-212
• /
• 2011

As the international business increases among the nations of the world recently, it is an inevitable fact that its claims rise as well. The most reasons of the international business claims have been concentrated upon the unpaid issues. The other reasons are sequently the different interpretation of business contract's conditions, the inferior quality of the goods, the breach of shipping time, the uncertain market-claims and some problems of transportation, the quantity and bad package of the goods. As business transactions grow more complex, it becomes increasingly important to resolve claims as quickly and efficiently as possible. Recognizing the importance of comprehensive policy support for overall international trade and investment of local company in recent years, Korean government has reborn the Korea Insurance Corporation ("K-sure"). K-sure adopted a range of measures to improve management efficiency to strengthen national competitiveness and national economy by promoting oversea trade and investment. Especially, K-sure will be able cover not only export transactions but also import transactions to secure oversea natural resources and commodities vital the national economy. K-sure should be able to continue and expand the existing export insurance programs, support import transactions and lead export-oriented industrialization of Korea as the best trade insurance agency.

• 국제지역연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.269-291
• /
• 2012

EU의 공동체법 및 통상정책을 분석해 보면 궁극적 목표는 회원국의 공동이익을 보호하는 데 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 물론 반덤핑조치는 상계관세 및 세이프가드와 더불어 자국산업을 방어하는 3대 정책수단이며 WTO도 이를 허용하고 있다. 그런데 EU는 다른 정책수단보다 반덤핑정책에 의존하고 있는데, 그 이유는 어떤 다른 방어정책보다 반덤핑수단이 산업방어 측면에서 효과가 즉각 발휘되고 EU 입장을 최대한 대변할 수 있다는 데 있다. EU 반덤핑정책의 경우 보호주의 색채가 짙으며 특히 정치적 영향을 받고 있다. 조사개시가 쉽게 이루어지며 소위 '공동체이익' 조항을 둠으로써 정치적 개입의 여지를 두고 있다. 또한 집단대응을 명시함으로써 '집단적보호주의'(collective protectionism)의 길을 열어두고 있다. 본 연구의 또 하나 중요한 결론은 EU 반덤핑정책이 역내 비교열위산업을 보호하는 주요 수단이 되고 있다는 것이다. 즉 EU 반덤핑 조치로 수입의 역내 전환효과가 크게 나타나는데, 그 효과로 인해 역내생산이 종전에 비해 증가된다는 것이다. 이런 이유로 반덤핑정책은 EU가 포기할 수 없는 통상정책수단이 되고 있다.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.289-305
• /
• 2019

Recently, each country has been using non-tariff barriers (Non-Tariff Barriers, NTB) as a new protection trade policy. In particular, TBT lies at the center of NTB. In this context, we examine the impact of Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Korea's exports to ASEAN. Using 10-year statistics from 2007 to 2016 that came into effect with the ASEAN FTA, we analyze the impact of TBT on the Korean exports in the electrical machinery industry (HS85), which accounts for more than 30 percent of Korea's total exports to ASEAN. The results of the empirical analysis using a gravity model showed significant and positive effects in the variables of GDP and real effective exchange rate in each ASEAN country on Korea's exports to ASEAN. As expected, the tariff rate has a negative effect. As for TBT, the key variable of this study, the results are as follows. Although many previous studies reported that TBT has negative impacts on exports, this study could not find any significant impact of TBT and found that Korea's exports of electrical machinery to ASEAN countries are not affected by TBT. Various implications of these results are suggested.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.75-114
• /
• 2018

A two-part model is estimated to see if increasing returns and comparative advantage are empirically equivalent in explaining intra-industry trade. The model has separate mechanisms for determining the occurrence and the extent of intra-industry trade. Estimation is based on an augmented Grubel-Lloyd index derived from the data set on SITC 7 goods at the 3-digit SITC (Revision 4) for country pairs in which Korea is fixed as a source country. Estimation results show that both increasing returns and comparative advantage can explain the occurrence and the extent of intra-industry trade.