• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2021

This study aims to verify a difference between the years 2014 and 2019 of Uiryeong-Gil, which is operated by the Visitor-Reservation System, in terms of the cognition of system, operational effectiveness, and behavioral intention. The analysis is as follows. First, among the overall cognition of the Visitor-Reservation System, the satisfaction from - prevention for safety for accident, expansion to other parks, number of visitor restriction, and satisfaction with reservation method - increased compared to 2014. Second, among the effects of the Visitor-Reservation System operation, satisfaction shows differences in year-to-year levels in terms of resource protection, resource damage mitigation efficiency, natural experience opportunity, comfort of visit-environment, and prevention of illegal activities. Third, the analysis of the differences in the behavior of the Visitor-Reservation System showed that the satisfaction of visitors, revisit intention, and overall satisfaction differed per year. The results of this study are meaningful in that the Visitor-Reservation System is no longer the restriction, but the change in cognition for the protection of ecosystems and sustainable visiting in order to expand the Visitor-Reservation System into a sustainable policy.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2005

In order to better quantify the contribution from nonroad sources to emission inventories, it is important to understand not only the emissions rates of these engines but also activity patterns that can be used to accurately portray their in-use operation. To date, however, very little information is available on the actual activity patterns of nonroad equipment. In this study, a total of 18 pieces of nonroad equipment were instrumented with collected data including intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust temperature and, on a subset of vehicles, engine rpm and throttle position. The equipment included backhoes, compactors, dozers, motor graders, loaders and scrappers used in applications such as landfilling, street maintenance and general roadwork. The activity patterns varied considerably depending on the type of equipment and the application. Daily equipment operating time ranged from less than 30 minutes to more than 8 hours, with landfill equipment having the highest daily use. The number of engine starts per day ranged from 3-11 lover the fleet with an average of 5 starts per day. The average percent idle time for the fleet was approximately $25\%$ with a range from 11 to $65\%$ for individual pieces of equipment. Duty cycles based on exhaust temperature/throttle position profiles were also developed for two graders and one dozer.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1277-1287
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• 2014

As concerns have been raised about health effects of children's products containing hazardous chemicals on children, the Korea Ministry of Environment announced 135 environmental hazardous substances in children's products (EHSCP) which were subject to risk assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the current status of EHSCP for management due to their various exposure routes and types. In this study, we investigated the exposure assessment of EHSCP as well as relevant policies implemented in domestic and foreign countries. Domestic and foreign cases of detection of EHSCP were reviewed in the literature and websites of related agencies. Due to the lack of reference values for child-specific toxicity of EHSCP, those for adults and regulatory status of EHSCP were also investigated and reviewed with literature. The related agencies of foreign countries provided 13 child-specific reference doses (RfDs), 76 RfDs, and 42 reference concentrations as toxicity reference values of the EHSCP. Among substances investigated in the studies to assess exposure of hazardous substances in children's products by the Korea Ministry of Environment, 23 substances were included in 135 EHSCP. The same studies identified 9 substances which were excluded from the 135 EHSCP. For regulatory status for hazardous substances in children's products, 44 substances (32.6 %) and 84 substances (62.2 %) of 135 EHSCP were under regulation in Korea and foreign countries, respectively. In the present study, we found that a list of 135 EHSCP should be revised to ensure children's safety.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.183-196
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• 2008

The internal dose by food consumption mostly accounts for radiological dose of public around nuclear power plants (NPPs). But, food consumption rates applied to off-site dose calculation in Korea which are the result of field investigation around Kori NPP by the KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) in 1988, are not able to reflect the latest dietary characteristics of Korean. The food consumption rates to be used for radiological dose assessment in Korea are based on the maximum individual of US NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commssion) Regulatory Guide 1.109. However, the representative individual of the critical group is considered in the recent ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) recommendation and European nations' practice. Therefore, the study on the re-establishment of the food consumption rates for individual around nuclear power plant sites in Korea was carried out to reflect on the recent change of the Korean dietary characteristics and to apply the representative individual of critical group to domestic regulations. The Ministry of Health and Welfare Affairs has investigated the food and nutrition of nations every 3 years based on the Law of National Health Improvement. The statistical data such as mean, standard deviation, various percentile values about food consumption rates to be used for the representative individual of the critical group were analyzed by using the raw data of the national food consumption survey in $2001{\sim}2002$. Also, the food consumption rates for maximum individual are re-estimated.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2019

This paper aims to discover factors and their influences degree to repurchase organic cosmetic in Vietnam. In addition, this research also discloses the main segments that have high demand re-buying intention based on demographic groups of gender, age, income, educational level, job, type of products, and place of production. Twenty-eight scale was designed based on previous studies and adjusted to match the 5-point Likert scale to conduct measurement. By using survey method to test hypotheses and set up conceptual models to collect 295 Vietnamese consumers who have experience in consuming organic cosmetic by explain the results through Smart PLS software. The findings show that there is positive attitude of customers to the intention of acquiring organic cosmetics, green perceived and customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction, knowledge of products, safety values, and environmental protection consciousness also play important roles to form a positive attitude of customers for products. Moreover, the consciousness of green living of consumers accounts for a high proportion in creating customer satisfaction for organic products. The results show useful information for current premises to determine the factors that influence the decision to repurchase organic cosmetic product, that provide business strategies.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2013

The functional characteristic of LISN circuit, which is used for measurements of conductive noise in mains power line, is basically related to frequency characteristics of passive elements like inductors used in the circuit as well as the frequency response of inductors is highly related to the resins used in the varnishing process. The significant problem in determination of an inductor's frequency characteristic is the intrinsic resistance, inductance and parasitic capacitance. In this triplet, the parasitic capacitance is the major limiting factor of inductor's frequency range. This capacitance depends on inductor design parameters and materials filling the spaces of coil like resin and its coherency after curing process. In this paper, two similar inductors were designed and built. The first inductor was not varnished while the second one was varnished with VPI technology. VPI, or Vacuum, Pressure, Impregnation technology is one of the most reliable methods performing good insulating conditions for electrical circuits and windings based on resins. The measured results show that implying varnishing technology does not significantly affect the frequency response. However, due to mechanical solidity aspects and improved environmental protection, it is better to varnish the inductors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.897-900
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• 2012

Cervical cancer resulting from prior infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health threat against young Japanese women. A national immunization plan to vaccinate 13~16 year old female students against HPV infection has been started in Japan since 2010, and may reach almost full coverage by the end of 2012. Older age females who may already be sexually active are not targeted by this plan but should follow safer sex practices as well as periodic screening of the cervix cytology to reduce their risk of developing cervical cancer. HPV vaccination alone does not offer full protection either, because only some HPV types are covered by the vaccines and the long-term efficacy of the vaccines has not been determined yet. Therefore, we did a survey at an international university in Japan to study the knowledge and attitude of female college students towards prevention of cervical cancer, to examine the age when they start sexual activity and other related attributes that may influence the risk of cervical cancer. We discuss the results of our survey and what they imply for the possible impact of an HPV immunization plan on the risk of cervical cancer in Japan, and conclude by an emphasis on the need to increase awareness among Japanese female adolescents and to enhance the cervical screening rates among older females who are already sexually active.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.93-105
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• 2017

This study aims to establish the integrated system of national protected areas by identifying OECMs which are not officially recognized as protected areas, but effectively and enduringly deliver the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem service to expand them up to the level recommended by the international community. In order to identify them, candidates for OECMs were listed and it was developed a three-step systematic screening tool based on preconditions, essential characteristics, and sustainable means for conservation outcome of them. As a result of using the tool that considers domestic conditions, seven areas which included Development Restriction Zones, Urban Natural Park Areas, Fishery Resources Protection Zones, Riparian Zones, Natural Recreation Forest Zones, Water Source Protection Areas, and Buffer Zones for Korea National Arboretum were selected as OECMs. And the system of national protected areas was built by integrating them with national protected areas(NPA). Compared with the NPA, the system has been expanded by them and has reached to 17.88%, exceeding the target of 17% for terrestrial and inland water protections. It was proven that they were very effective in enlarging these protections. However, it failed to contribute to the target for marine protections. The expansion of marine protected areas requires different approaches, such as discovering new types of marine protected areas or linking them to biologically important marine areas all over the world.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1241-1247
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate resistance of 10 different cowpea cultivars which were introduced from the United States against two major root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria and M. incognita, that affect greenhouse crop cultivation in Korea. The results showed that the resistance of the tested cultivars to the root-knot nematodes varied with the cultivar. Texas Cream 40 showed moderate resistance to M. arenaria whereas the other cultivars were susceptible. Purple Hull Pinkeye and Texas Pinkeye Purple Hull were found to be resistant to M. incognita, whereas Mississippi Silver showed moderate resistance and the other cultivars were susceptible. As the cultivars exhibit resistance to M. arenaria and M. incognita, such cultivars resistant to root-knot nematodes should be considered during the cultivation of cowpea as a green manure crop.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Background: In Japan, new regulations that revise the dose limit for the lens of the eye (hereafter the lens), operational quantities, and measurement positions for the lens dose were enforced in April 2021. Based on the international safety standards, national guidelines, the results of the Radiation Safety Research Promotion Fund of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, and other studies, the Working Group of Radiation Protection Standardization Committee, the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS) developed a guideline for radiation dose monitoring for the lens. Materials and Methods: The Working Group of the JHPS discussed the criteria of non-uniform exposure and the management criteria set not to exceed the dose limit for the lens. Results and Discussion: In July 2020, the JHPS guideline was published. The guideline consists of three parts: main text, explanations, and 26 examples. In the questions, the corresponding answers were prepared, and specific examples were provided to enable similar cases to be addressed. Conclusion: With the development of the guideline on radiation dose monitoring of the lens, radiation managers and workers will be able to smoothly comply with revised regulations and optimize radiation protection.