• 무역상무연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.96-118
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• 2003

Government tries to revise the article 25 in Korea Maritime Transport Act which describes subject of coastal carriage for exported-imported container cargoes. The subject of coastal carriage will be replaced coastal carrier by ocean liner carrier according to the revised article 25. By adopting the revised article, coastal shipping industry will be deteriorated in terms of returns on investment, sales and etc. Even though the revision is inevitable to harmonize the flow of exported-imported container cargo movement, coastal shipping industry should be developed and restructured to get competitive power and to set up an efficient international logistics system. To enhance competitive power of coastal shipping companies successfully, government must realize the importance of coastal shipping, and aid the industry through various methods such as arrangement of law and regulation, indirected financial assistance, decrease of tax rate, etc.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.143-172
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• 2005

The biggest exchange of international environment of shipping logistics in 21 century should appear ultra-mega container ships on the shipping market. The competitive trend of large size container ship was based on economics of scale among the international shipping business. In the environment, shipping firms consider the integration of freight forwarder and shipper in the international logistics process. The aims of this research analyse a relation between the environment uncertainty and logistics information system(LIS) and the integration and resolve the integration and its impact on logistics performance. The research methodology of this research analyse structural equation modeling on the relation of variables. The results of research are as follows. First, Environmental uncertainty significantly influences the internal integration and the external integration. Second, LIS has an influence on the logistics integration by providing the foundation for LIS utilization in international logistics process. Third, the internal integration significantly influences a logistics performance, which implies that firms should promote interaction and collaboration through internal process integration to achieve logistics performance as the logistical cost and service. But the external integration is not significantly a logistics performance.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.213-236
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• 2011

Korea Shipping Act admits shipping conferences' joint actions like rate agreement, sailing agreement in some degree for development of shipping transport industries for decades. Meanwhile, EU has prohibited all kinds of shipping conferences' joint actions since October 2008, and many advanced countries also have similar position on shipping conference. The balance development between shippers and ship owners is very important in terms of national economic growth. So it is appropriate time to revise related laws such as Shipping Act and Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act. First, It is direction for revision of Korean Shipping Act. The act has to define precisely the criteria of "unfairness" in case of admitting of shipping conferences' joint actions. Shipping conferences have a conference with shipper or shipper's delegation substantially on freight and transport conditions and so on. Second, It is direction for revision of Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act. The fair trade commission has to perform fair roles between shippers and ship owners. The judgement of fairness has to confirm according to the spirit of not Korea Shipping Act but Korea Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act itself.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.115-134
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• 2020

Purpose - International trade leads to the international division of labor, improving the efficiency of the global economic system. Transport costs are a more serious barrier to international trade than customs tariffs. An increase in competition in the transport sector may thus lead to a reduction in transport costs. However, if a carrier's nationality significantly influences transport costs, simply adding more competing carriers of different nationalities would be ineffective. Therefore, it is necessary to establish national or regional carriers to influence competition and reduce transport costs. This study investigates this "nationality effect" by treating Hanjin Shipping's collapse as a natural experiment. Design/methodology - The theoretical basis of this study is the 3rd-degree price discrimination in container shipping market. By using the monthly data of container freight rates of Korea, China and Japan, this study shows the so-called Korea Premiums, which are the empirical counterparts of nationality effect in Korea container shipping market. For this empirical investigation, the structural model with state-space form is used and the dummy models are also estimated. In addition, because China has been also affected by the Hanjin's collapse, the China premiums are considered too. Findings - Compared with Japan's case, it is shown that there had been the so-called Korea premiums since the collapse of Hanjin Shipping. These results are robust from both the state-space model and dummy models. The time pattern of Korea premiums was consistent with the market evolution, especially the pattern of substitutability in container shipping markets. In addition, this paper shows the magnitude of Korea premiums. Originality/value - The argument of this study that the nationality effect can be interpreted as an extended concept of the home market effect is original, which is expected to evoke future research efforts. Further, the discussion on the shipping industrial policy from both horizontal and vertical aspects will provide the relevant policy makers with solid information, especially for the policy coordination in a global scale.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

Recently, brand equity is paid much attention in various industries. However, container liner shipping companies are still unfamiliar with this concept, and also the brand equity model has not been tested yet in shipping context. This study, therefore, aims to measure the relative importance of brand equity factors of container liner shipping companies by employing AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). This study concludes that perceived quality, in particular cost-related service quality, is the most influential factor of brand equity, while weak support is found for brand association. In addition to this, group comparisons were conducted between shipping companies, freight forwarders and academics. The results will be useful as they firstly define brand equity and its role in shipping context, highlighting the significance of brand management to container liner shipping firms. This evaluation is not an end in itself, but will eventually be utilised as a tool to build competitive advantage which cannot be easily imitated by competitors.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2017

국제 해운시장에서는 규칙적이고 반복적으로 이루어지는 정기선 서비스의 특수성을 인정하여 정기선사 간의 과당 경쟁을 방지하고 항로의 질서 유지와 안정화를 위해 국제 카르텔인 해운동맹의 결성을 인정하였다. 하지만 선박대형화와 복합운송의 발달 그리고 비동맹선사의 세력확대로 인하여 해운동맹은 와해되기 시작하였으며 결국 폐지되기에 이르렀다. 정기선 시장에서 중요한 역할을 담당했던 해운동맹이 폐지되면서 정기선 시장의 경쟁구도는 변화를 겪기 시작하였다. 따라서 해운동맹의 폐지가 정기선 시장에 미친 영향에 대한 연구가 필요하게 되었으며 해운동맹의 폐지로 인하여 영향을 받은 요소를 선정하여 상관분석과 다중 회귀분석을 통하여 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 해운동맹의 폐지로 인하여 각 선사들은 선복량 증가로 운임 경쟁이 심화되었고 결국 비용구조가 유리한 선사는 수익을 창출하고 그렇지 못한 선사는 적자를 기록하게 되었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.22-26
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• 2004

In the light of necessary analysis on the cooperation and development between ports and shipping line, and the characteristic of cooperation between international ports and shipping lines, the article analyses the operating strategies in actual shipping lines benefits to the cooperation between ports and shipping lines. After all-round analysis on the cooperation and development between ports and shipping lines, the author presents the running model of ports and shipping lines in Far East, which is the integration of operation between ports and shipping lines (namely integration of logistics service network). (omitted)

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aims to verify the direct causal relationship between cost competitiveness and global network competitiveness, which are the tangible service quality factors determined by the shipping company, which in turn affect the shipper's customer satisfaction. Additionally, we empirically investigate the intangible, related service qualities determined by shipping companies, such as operational competitiveness and customer relationship quality, and how these then positively affect customer satisfaction through the formation of trust. Therefore, we examine the mediating effect of trust formation among different contractors for shipping services. Design/methodology - In order to examine the shipping company's tangible and intangible service-qualities perceived by the shipper on customer satisfaction and the process of trust formation between contractors, we collected valid data from 114 respondents out of 200 distributed questionnaires. The respondents consisted of domestic freight forwarders who engage with domestic and international shipping and logistics agencies. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, convergent and discriminant validities, common method bias, and PLS-SEM (partial least square-structural equation model) were analyzed using the program STATA 16. Findings - The findings of this study are as follows. First, our results showed that all hypotheses assumed in this study had statistically significant supporting evidence. Second, it was found that the mediating effect of trust was significant in affecting the quality of intangible service- qualities for customer satisfaction. Third, through supplementary analysis, we found that the global network competitiveness of domestic shipping companies will increase in importance in the future. In conclusion, the theoretical and practical implications of these findings are presented. Originality/value - This study reaffirmed the traditional causal relationship between customer satisfaction and tangible service quality. Additionally, we also contribute to the literature on the understanding of the causal relationship between trust formation and customer satisfaction through intangible interactions from a long-term perspective.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.18-34
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• 2020

Purpose - In the international shipping industry, arbitration is mainly chosen for resolving maritime disputes. This study investigates the "acceptability" of an international maritime arbitrator based on an existing theoretical model of arbitrator acceptability. Design/methodology - Using structural equation modeling techniques, this study examines a sample of senior managers who engage in the judicial affairs of their international shipping companies to verify a hypothesized model of arbitrator acceptability that covers cultural intelligence, arbitral experience, reputation, practical/legal expertise, and procedural justice as independent variables. Furthermore, the relative "perceived required time" of arbitration is tested as a moderator. Findings - Arbitrator acceptability is significantly influenced by six constructs of arbitrator characteristics: cultural intelligence, arbitral experience, reputation, practical and legal expertise, and procedural justice. Furthermore, the moderating effect of the perceived required time of arbitration is demonstrated in the relationship between arbitrator acceptability and arbitrator characteristics even though these relationships are not equally influenced. Originality/value - The originality of this study can be found in its context, that is, international maritime arbitration. Despite the potential growth of international maritime arbitration, existing studies have mainly focused on domestic arbitration. The findings of this study are expected to provide useful guidelines for nurturing international maritime arbitration in Korea.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.55-70
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• 2003

Shipping protectionist measures are imposed to help the national fleet based on the protection that shares are low and that there are economic benefits from increasing them. Relative to the complexity of those objectives, protection is fairly simple and blunt instrument of policy. Shipping protectionist measures are classified into two groups on the basis of the nature of protectionist tools; finance-oriented and non-finance oriented instruments. The thesis aims to show non-finance oriented shipping instruments in the pre-WTO Period. Chapter 2 deals with the development of protectionism in shipping. Chapter 3 Classified non-finance oriented protection such as Cargo Reservation, Cargo Sharing and Cargo Control. Chapter 4 outlined and examined the effect of Non-Finance Oriented Shipping Instruments which was the most important in developing countries.