• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Forest parks are regarded as one of the scientific ways to keep the forest sustainably developed, meanwhile deliver the benefits to the general public. The development of forest parks in China has experienced simply more than 20 years and both the exploitation and management institutions haven't been set up systematically, which, in reality, reflects as inadequate legislative and policy framework. Without the regulatory guidance and collaborating assistance of environment relating governmental sectors at both national and local levels, it's inevitable that the development of forest parks in the country would face constant problems and conflicts. Therefore, it might be helpful to sort out this conflicts and problems and further more to work out how to solve the barriers. The research in this report started with introducing the IUCN Protected Areas Categories, the overall current situations in China and compared the definition of forest parks in the country and that in international experience. It is to aim to find out the real usufruct rights conflicts during the exploitation and management of forest parks and the method used in this report is field visit, previous investigation, collecting secondary materials, interview, analysis and comparison. The research result in this report couldn't cover all the conflict situations during the forest parks' exploitation and management in China but will provide the analysis of this problem from the legal perspective. Practical application and concerning suggestion will be fully discussed in Part 5 in terms of legislative, social and environmental effects.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2022

Mankind has been living in the third millennium of a new era for 15 years. Today he realized that he was on a tiny planet with not much space. The 20th century laid bare its global consequences in all its horror.. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, more than 30 armed conflicts are recorded on the planet every year, leading to the death of more than 1,000 people during the year. Over the past 15 years, the total number of deaths as a result of military actions in such conflicts has also increased: more than 17 thousand people - in 2002 to more than 22.5 thousand - in 2011. 2022, in turn, became the beginning of a new round of military history, bringing changes in the social, environmental, agro-industrial, economic and other spheres not only in Ukraine, but also in all countries of the civilized world. As a result of the study, the most significant impact of the negative factors of the war, namely the economic, legal, regional and environmental aspects, was identified and analyzed.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2012

본 연구는 배우자 직업 유무가 한국인부부와 국제결혼부부의 결혼만족도에 대한 영향요인과 관련변인인 부부공평성과 부부갈등이 결혼만족도에 미치는 영향을 비교분석하여 행복한 결혼의 지속에 대한 대안을 제시하는 것이 목적이며, 추후 연구에서는 국제결혼한 부부의 경우 한국에서 안정적인 직업을 갖추고 생활할 수 있도록 국제부부를 위한 중장기적인 정책 대안도 연계시켜 구체적인 연구를 진행할 필요가 있다. 연구결과 집단별 배우자 직업유무에 따른 결혼만족도는 국제결혼 부부 여자 집단에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 본국에 일정액의 송금을 하는 경우 결혼만족도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 부부공평성의 경우 국제결혼부부 여자집단의 평균이 가장 높게 나타남으로 가장 공평치 않음이 나타났으며, 집단별 부부갈등 대처방법은 본인 갈등개입의 경우 국제결혼부부 남자가 가장 높게 나타났다. 본인 순종 점수는 국제결혼부부 여자가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 성역할태도와 의사소통은 성역할 태도의 경우 의사소통에서 집단 간 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 결혼만족도에 영향을 미치는 변인은 배우자의 직업 유무, 의사소통, 배우자의 갈등개입, 본인의 긍정적 문제해결, 갈등에서 본인후퇴, 배우자 학력, 심리정서 공평성으로 나타났다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권42호
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• pp.154-195
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• 2017

This paper is to analyse conflict between the US and China over the South China Sea and Korea's responses. To this end the paper is composed of 6 chapters titled instruction; the current status of South China Sea sovereignty disputes; changes in US and Chinese maritime security strategies and the strategic values of the South China Sea; key issues and future prospects for US-China conflicts in the South China Sea; South Korea's security and diplomatic responses; and conclusion. The recent East Asian maritime security issue has evolved into a global issue of supremacy between the US and China, beyond conflicts over territorial disputes and demarcation among the countries in the region. China is pursuing offensive ocean policy to expand economic growth. The core of the maritime order that the United States intends to pursue is the freedom of navigation in the oceans and the maintenance of maritime access. China is making artificial islands in the South China Sea, claiming the sovereignty of these islands, building strategic bases in East Asia, and securing routes. The United States has developed several "Freedom of Navigation Operations" to neutralize the declaration of the territorial sea surrounding Chinese artificial islands. We can not be free from marine conflicts in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. Regarding the South China Sea dispute, it is expected that the strategic competition and conflict between the two countries will intensify due to China's failure to make concessions of core interests and adherence to the US compliance with international norms. In the midst of conflict over the South China Sea, we need a harmonious balance between our alliance security and economic diplomacy. We must continue our efforts to strengthen the ROK-US alliance but not to make China an enemy. Considering the significant impacts of the oceans on the survival and prosperity of the nation, we must continue to develop our interest in the oceans, appropriate investments and tactical strategies.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제74권
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• pp.125-150
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• 2017

Environment protection is one of the important political goals along with trade liberalization. Some of the institutions associated with it, however, either hinder trade or exert distorted influence and can arouse trade conflicts eventually. Therefore, harmony between environment protection and trade policy is becoming a crucial issue nowadays. Among the policies for environment, those related to climatic change are regarded as major tasks to deal with in the world commonly. Saying that it is for environment protection, advanced countries impose fines for environment protection on developing countries through border tax adjustments about the items imported from them. However, there is no such agreement about it internationally, so disputes often arise regarding what extent is appropriate as countries cope with it differently in their own way. Disputes about measures for climatic change are highly influential economically, and due to the severe conflicts of interests between states, they often tend to become politicized. Accordingly, we can say that such disputes affect international trade based on the WTO system seriously. When it comes to negotiation for climatic change, we should establish international systems urgently which can work fairly and effectively for all the countries joining in it. Therefore, it is important to examine the treatment of trade restriction measures intended to solve climatic change in international negotiations and establish definite conditions about which measures are allowed and which are not. In conclusion, we should devise rules for environment protection internationally which all the countries in the world can accept and agree on and also make the definite criteria of interpretation as well. Also, through those trade regulations, we should be able to accomplish environment protection globally and at the same time produce synergy, that is, economic growth through trading.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2008

As the Internet settles down as a general means, every year the domestic e-commerce transaction using the internet rapidly increases in its scale, and the conflicts occurred from the e-commerce largely grow as well. However, it is true that the clear settlement means to work out such conflicts is not established yet. Considering the feature of e-commerce, it would be better to resolve them by ADR rather than by lawsuits in the court, and in addition to it, the ODR system having sweetness as its advantage will be the optimized model. But to make the ODR settled down, there are many assignments to be improved in many aspects afterwards. In case of our country also, since the ODR system is still its early developing step, it is not activized yet due to its weak technical, lawful environments. Thus, currently, it is unavoidable to operate the dispute mediation system, carrying out a system by the existing Off-line together, and thereby, as we replace the parts worked out by the Off-line with by the On-line, we must try to develop it into a quick, cheap, and reliable dispute settlement system.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2022

The main purpose of the article is to determine the economic consequences of the impact of war on labor resources and tourism in terms of ensuring economic security. Today, in the context of Russia's invasion of the territory of Ukraine, an important aspect of people's lives is confidence in their safety. But no less important is the provision of economic security, its impact on the labor and tourism aspects of this type of security, the negative impact on which is carried out under the influence of war. Modern society is faced with the same problems that were a hundred years ago: technological progress, the balance of power in the world community, social problems, military conflicts. In the modern development of society, no one can deny the amazing scientific progress in new technologies and communications.That is why it is important to understand how dangerous war is not only for human life, but also for the economy of the state, its labor and tourism aspects.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2023

The utilization of GPUs on general-purpose computers is currently on the rise due to the increase in its programmability and performance requirements. The utility of tools like NVIDIA's CUDA have been designed to allow programmers to code algorithms by using C-like language for the execution process on the graphics processing units GPU. Unfortunately, many of the performance and correctness bugs will happen on parallel programs. The CUDA tool support for the parallel programs has not yet been actualized. The use of a dynamic analyzer to find performance and correctness bugs in CUDA programs facilitates the execution of sophisticated processes, especially in modern computing requirements. Any race conditions bug it will impact of program correctness and the share memory bank conflicts to improve the overall performance. The technique instruments the programs in a way that promotes accessibility of the memory locations accessed by different threads well as to check for any bugs in the code of a program. The instrumented source code will be used initiated directly in the device emulation code of CUDA to send report for the user about all errors. The current degree of automation helps programmers solve subtle bugs in highly complex programs or programs that cannot be analyzed manually.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 1999

International commercial arbitrations have developed into a simple form in which both parties involved in the dispute by a contract intend to solve the dispute through the legal arbitration system. however nowadays the above traditional form taken by international projects are rarely seen and instead the form of complex arbitration in which many parties are involved has become more and more universal. The complex arbitration means not only many-sided parties concerned but also means a plural number of contract involved in conflicts, a plural number of issues involved in conflicts and a plural number of contracts though their contractors are not in a plural number. However in this report the complex arbitrations will be studied into categories as follows : 1. Pure multi-issue situations, 2. Pure multi-party situations, 3. Pure multi-contract situations. A Pure Multi-Issue arbitration basically includes a plural number of claims between the two parties concerned. A Pure Multi-party case classically presupposes an arbitration clause which involves a plural number of parties concerned. After Party A takes a legal proceeding and then Party B institutes a request to Party C in the above proceeding. In that case the problem arises on whether it is allowed to do so or not. A Pure Multi-Contract case presupposes that when Party A and Party B have independent arbitration clauses based on separate contract relations, respectively, the problem is whether both above-mentioned proceedings can be unified into one or not. As for the above-mentioned complex arbitration, though international treaties are being formed, including the WTO treaties, the NAFTA treaties, the Mercosur treaties and others, legal regulations and customs have not yet been formed domestically. The institutional preparations will be necessitated in consideration of national legal status as well as international treaty relations.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.558-563
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• 2005

This paper presents a GA-based optimal algorithm for a resource leveling model that levels the resources of a set of non-critical activities experiencing conflicts simultaneously up to an assumed level of resource rates specified by the planner using a pair-wise comparison of the activities being considered. A parameter called the future float is adopted and applied as an indicator for assigning leveling priorities to the sets of activities experiencing conflicts. A construction project network example was worked out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. The histogram obtained using the algorithm proposed was shown to be the same as, or very close to that produced by the existing resource leveling method based on the least total float rule, which shifts non-critical activities individually.