• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the gender differences in behavior problems and social competences of Korean Adolescents. Methods : K-YSR (Korean-YSR) data from 6570 Korean adolescents (2549 boys and 4021 girls) and K-CBCL (Korean-CBCL) data from 2373 parents (boys 1173 and girls 1200) between the ages of 12 to 17 were analysed. Results : The results showed that boys reported higher mean scale scores on the Social Problems, Delinquent Behavior, whereas girls showed higher mean scale scores on the Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed and Aggressive Behaviors as well as Internalizing Problems and Total Behavior Problems in K-YSR. Girls also reported higher scores on the Social. as well as Total Competence Scale. Also parents reported higher mean scale scores on the Attention Problems, Delinquent Behavior in their boys, whereas reported higher mean scale scores on the Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed and Aggressive Behaviors as well as Internalizing Problems in their girls in K-CBCL. Parents reported no differences between boys and girls in social competence scales. Conclusion : In both K-YSR and K-CBCL, girls consistently showed higher scores in the Internalizing Problem scales and there was no significant difference between boys and girls in the Externalizing Problem scores, but girls showed higher mean score in the Aggressive Behavior scale.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.321-328
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between caregivers' child rearing characteristics including discipline method, child rearing confidence, attitude, burden, attachment, and cognitive stimulation and preschooler's behavior problems in poor, urban group. Method: A cross-section study design was used. Conveniently selected one hundreds and three preschool aged children and their caregivers who are under National Security Act were recruited. Data was collected using Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBC) comprised of nine sub-dimensions and caregivers' self report questionnaires. Results: Caregivers' discipline method was associated with behavior problems of child. The internalizing and externalizing behavior problem scores including aggressive behavior of children who experienced spanking were significantly higher than children who did not. In addition, Caregivers' child rearing confidence also showed associations with the children's behavior problems. Child behavior problems showed positive relationships with caregivers' child rearing burden, and negative relationships with child rearing attitude, attachment, and cognitive stimulation. Conclusion: Caregivers' negative discipline methods and low child rearing confidence showed significant relationships with children's behavior problems of poor, urban children. Nurses working in primary care and community-based settings are in key positions to address this problem and improve the parenting attitude of low-income caregivers and positively affect the behavior of their children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

We investigated the effects of maternal parenting behaviors, children's emotional regulation, and stress coping strategies on gender-specific children's behavioral problems. The participants were 191, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ graders and their mothers from four elementary schools in Seoul and Kyung-gi province. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and hierarchical regressions. The major findings were summarized as follows: (1) Active coping strategies explained boys' aggressive behaviors, (2) mother's warm-encouragement parenting behaviors and active coping strategies explained boys' delinquent behaviors, (3) mother's warm-encouragement parenting behaviors explained boys' withdrawn behaviors, and (4) mother's mediation-supervision parenting behaviors and negative emotionality explained girls' aggressive behaviors. In conclusion, maternal parenting behaviors, children's emotional regulation and stress coping strategies have gender-specific influence on children's behavioral problems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.161-175
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• 2004

This study aimed to find the general tendencies of parental family-of-origin experiences and conflict and their children's behavioral problems as a function of a child's sex, as well as the causal relationships among these variables. Three hundred and five 4th and 5th graders filled out the Korean Version of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist. Parents of these children answered the Family-of-Origin Scale and Marital Conflict Inventory. The results were as follows. 1) Fathers experienced more of emotional cut-off from their family of origin than mothers did. However, mothers had more of triangulation and emotional separation from their family of origin than fathers did. 2) Both fathers and mothers reported that mothers had more of marital conflicts. 3) Daughters showed more physical symptoms than sons while sons showed more delinquent behaviors. 4) While parental experiences from the family-of-origin effected the parents' marital conflicts, they didn't influence the children's behavioral problems through marital conflicts.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.343-364
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• 2011

This study investigated the objective and perceived level of economy and its relationship with mother's mental health, parenting behaviors, and problem behaviors in preschoolers. Data drawn from mothers and teachers of 238 preschoolers, ages 3-5, were used. Using the objective and perceived level of economy, subjects were classified into four groups. Individuals categorized as high by objective and perceived level of economy, low by objective and perceived level of economy, high by objective and low by perceived level of economy, and low by objective and high by perceived level of economy were categorized as in-agreement/high group, in-agreement/low group, over-estimator group, and under-estimator group, respectively. To investigate the difference between groups, one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc analyses were used. The results showed that in-agreement/low group and under-estimator group showed greater depression and anxiety than in-agreement/high group and over-estimator group. In addition, in-agreement/high group and over-estimator group showed greater affective parenting behaviors and lower aggressive parenting behaviors than in-agreement/low group and under-estimator group. In terms of internalizing problem behavior by mother, in-agreement/high group and over-estimator group were lower than under-estimator group. In terms of externalizing problem behavior by mother, in-agreement/high group was lower than under-estimator group. However, in terms of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior by teacher, there was no difference between groups. In externalizing problem behavior by teacher, in-agreement/low group was lower than over-estimator group.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the importance of goodness of fit in mother-child temperamental interaction (MCTI) and the child problem behaviors. Methods The behavior problem of 180 child outpatients from traditional Korean medical clinic was measured with Korean version of Child Behavior Checklists, and the temperament of child and their mother was measured with Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short. The MCTI was calculated as the difference of the temperament score between mother and child. The correlation and linear regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of temperament on Child Behavior Checklists. Results The MCTI on Harm-Avoidance was the significant factor for explaining the internalizing problem (B=-.154, t=-10.130, p<.001), externalizing problem (B=-.045, t=-3.340, p=.001) and total problem (B=-.298, t=-7.574, p<.001). We also confirmed that the temperament of mother and child significantly correlated with the child behavior problems as provided previously. Conclusions These results showed that the temperament interaction between mother and child is an important factor for predicting problem behaviors in child clinical sample. The goodness of fit in MCTI and problem behavior should be considered as pivotal element in traditional Korean pediatrics.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2023

Objectives: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders in childhood. This study aimed to investigate comorbid psychiatric symptoms and associated factors in elementary school children with symptoms of ODD. Methods: The participants consisted of 205 mother-offspring pairs. Psychiatric symptoms were measured using the Diagnostic Predictive Scales and Korean Child Behavior Checklist. Psychiatric comorbid symptoms were compared between children with ODD symptom and those without ODD symptom. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio of psychiatric symptom on ODD. Results: ODD group had a significant association with internalizing and externalizing problem (p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively). ODD group were more comorbid with anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Among psychiatric disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=18.620, p<0.001) and conduct disorder (AOR=9.529, p=0.014) were associated with ODD symptom. Conclusion: These findings suggest that children with ODD symptom had significantly higher rates of comorbid psychiatric symptoms. And GAD and conduct disorder are related to ODD symptom.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.106-116
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• 2005

Summary : This study was designed to identify the difference in temperament, parent-adolescent's goodness of fit and behavioral problems between early-adolescent high risk group which can be divided into subgroups (ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C) and normal group. Method : Subjects of this study were students of a Boy's Middle School and their parents. ADHD high risk group was determined by using three rating scales of ADHD behavioral symptoms : 1. Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, 2. Abbreviated Conners Parents Rating Scale, 3. Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale. Final research was based on the subjects including 25 people in ADHD-I high risk group, 70 ADHD-HI/C high risk group, 70 in normal group. Revised Dimensions of Temperament (DOTS-R) was used for students to assess their temperament, while DOTS-R : Ethnology for parents to access environmental demands. Goodness of fit between parent and adolescent was figured out by results of the two scales. Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR) was used to examine behavioral problems. Results : When it comes to temperament of adolescents, ADHD-HI/C high risk group was found to be associated with higher scores on general activity level. In contextual parent demand to adolescent, ADHD-HI/C parents showed higher level of demands in general activity than other groups, and lower expectation of positive mood than ADHD-I parents. In parent-adolescent's goodness/poorness of fit, the research found out that ADHD-I and ADHD-HI/C had lower level of fit on pesitive/negative mood than normal group and indicated that ADHD behavioral symptoms connected with poorness of fit in emotional relationship between adolescents and their parents. In behavioral problems, ADHD-HI/C high risk group had severe externalizing and internalizing problems distinctly. It had more severe in externalizing problems than ADHD-I, while there were no differences in internalizing problems between the two subgroups. Conclusion The two ADHD subgroups in high risk adolescents had differences on temperamental activity level and on goodness of fit about positive mood. In addition, they had different patterns in externalizing/internalizing problems.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to confirm whether the effectiveness of the program is sustainable 9 months after project completion for the children and adolescents participating in a childcare and rehabilitation support project. Methods : This study was carried out in three phases: pre-(2016.5~6), post-(2016.10~12) and follow-up evaluation phases (2017.9) of 120 children and adolescents who participated in a treatment and rehabilitation of children project in 2016. The analysis was conducted using a repeated mesures ANOVA to identify changes in problem behaviors. Results : The problem behavior of preschoolers in middle and high schools decreased after the post-evaluation compared to the pre-evaluation, and the effect of treatment was maintained afterward. Elementary school students displayed fewer problem behaviors after the post-evaluation than in the pre-evaluation, and follow-up more. Conclusions : This study confirms that the effects of therapy are maintained for a long period of time. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that therapeutic intervention is effective for children and adolescents in foster care.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

Objectives : Few studies have examined the relation between the attachment styles of the primary caregivers and the behavioral problems of their children. This study was performed to identify the impact of the insecure parental attachment patterns on the development of their higher grades elementary school children's psychiatric manifestations and disorders. Methods : 504 higher elementary pupils and their primary caretakers were included in our study. Relationship Questionnaire, Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, and Korean Child Behavior Checklist were applied to them. Results : The grade-school children of the parents who belonged to preoccupied attachment type revealed higher Withdrawn, Anxious/depressed, Social Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Problems, Aggressive Problems, Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Total Behavioral Problems scores than ones of securely attached parents (p<0.01). Internalizing Problems score of preoccupied parents' children was highest, and one of avoidant and secure typed parents' kids followed in order (p=0.004) . More youngsters revealed Total Behavior Problem score high enough to clinically meaningful level in insecure parental attachment style than in secure one (p=0.038). Higher CDI score in insecure parental group was reported than in secure one (p=0.040). Conclusion : Parental insecure attachment can be associated with the development of the behavioral problems and psychiatric illness of their children.