• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2011

Podosphaera fusca (syn. Sphaerotheca fusca, S. fuliginea) is a causal agent of powdery mildew infections on Zinnia elegans, and has been documented in Korea since 1967. An outbreak involving about 1,000 plants in October 2008, in Yangpyeong, Korea, was caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Further surveys of zinnia powdery mildew from 2008-2010 confirmed the widespread occurrence of Zinnia-Golovinomyces association in Korea. Chasmothecia of this fungus have not been found on Z. elegans in Korea. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer rDNA from five Korean collections confirmed the powdery mildew as G. cichoracearum. Comparison with the those from GenBank revealed 100% identity with sequences from zinnia powdery mildew, forming a monophyletic clade with 100% bootstrap support, and with those of G. cichoracearum parasitic on the hosts belonging to the tribe Heliantheae of the family Asteraceae.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2020

Asterochloris is one of the most common genera of lichen phycobionts in Trebouxiophyceae. Asterochloris phycobionts associated with the lichenized fungi Cladonia and Stereocaulon in King George Island (Antarctica) and Morro Chico (Chile), were isolated and then used to establish clonal cultures. To understand the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity of Antarctic Asterochloris species, molecular and morphological data were analyzed by using three microscopy techniques (light, confocal laser and transmission electron) and a multi-locus phylogeny with data from the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and the actin and plastid-encoded ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) coding genes. Morphological data of three Antarctic strains showed significant species-specific features in chloroplast while molecular data segregated the taxa into distinct three clades as well. Each species had unique molecular signatures that could be found in secondary structures of the ITS1 and ITS2. The species diversity of Antarctic Asterochloris was represented by six taxa, namely, A. glomerata, A. italiana, A. sejongensis, and three new species (A. antarctica, A. pseudoirregularis, A. stereocaulonicola).

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2019

A fungal isolate, designated KNU-JJ-1824, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a field on Jeju, Korea. Colonies of the isolates cultured on PDA, MEA and CMAD for 14 days grew to diameters of 49~51 mm, 60~63 mm, and 47~50 mm, respectively. The colonies of this fungal isolate were dark green in color on both sides, and had irregular margins on the PDA media. Mycelia submerged and exhibited clear lines from the center to the edge on MEA media. On CMAD media, they were dark brown to greenish-brown, with narrow white margins. The shape of the conidia was guttulate, fusiform or clavate, and $1.9{\sim}3.4{\times}6.5{\sim}10.2{\mu}m$ in size. A molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed using dataset from small subunit (SSU) rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, and the isolate was found to cluster with Scleroconidioma sphagnicola UAMH 9731. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree analysis and the cultural and morphological characteristics, the isolate was identified as Scleroconidioma sphagnicola. We report S. sphagnicola for the first time in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2019

A fungal isolate designated 17E029 was isolated from a soil sample in Jeju, Korea. The strain was similar to other Allantophomopsiella species in its morphological characteristics such as grey mycelia, conidiophore, and conidia sizes. The isolate produced aerial mycelia, which appeared grey on the reverse side of the media surfaces and turned black on the front side of the colonies. The conidiophores emanating from the hyphae were hyaline, grey, aseptate, branched, and $6.7{\sim}9.2{\times}1.8{\sim}2.5{\mu}m$. Conidiogenous cells were ovoid to subcylindrical, discrete, guttulate, and hyaline. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, smooth, guttulate, oval to subcylindrical, irregular in shape, and $6.0{\sim}7.8{\times}3.0{\sim}3.4{\mu}m$. The strain was confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis of the closest related organism, A. pseudotsugae CBS 288.37, using the partial 28S, internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions, and partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit locus (RPB2) gene sequences along with its culture characteristics. Therefore, morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain 17E029 is similar to the previously identified A. pseudotsugae. Hence, this species was described as A. pseudotsugae strain 17E029, which is a new record in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2022

To screen antagonistic fungi against plant pathogens, dual culture assay (DCA) and culture filtrate assay (CFA) were performed with unknown soil-born fungi. Among the different fungi isolated and screened from the soil, fungal isolate ANU-301 successfully inhibited growth of different plant pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum, in DCA and CFA. Morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis identified ANU-301 as Aspergillus terreus. Inoculation of tomato plants with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) induced severe wilting symptom; however, co-inoculation with ANU-301 significantly enhanced resistance of tomato plants against FOL. In addition, culture filtrate (CF) of ANU-301 not only showed bacterial growth inhibition activity against Dickeya chrysanthemi (Dc), but also demonstrated protective effect in potato tuber against soft rot disease. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of CF of ANU-301 identified 2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol (MPP) as the most abundant compound. MPP inhibited growth of Dc, but not of FOL, in a dose-dependent manner, and protected potato tuber from the soft rot disease induced by Dc. In conclusion, Aspergillus terreus ANU-301 could be used and further tested as a potential biological control agent.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2022

The genus Mitrula (Mitrulaceae, Helotiales), as also known as swamp beacons, inhabits submerged, decaying vegetation in standing or decaying needles, twigs, leaves, and shallow water. They play an important role in carbon cycling in some freshwater ecosystems. In the herbarium of the Korea National Arboretum (KH), seven Mitrula specimens were collected during mushroom forays in the period from 2019 to 2021. The Korean collections were found to be macromorphologically closely related to M. paludosa and M. elegans, but micro-morphologically they could be distinguished by characteristics of slightly narrower asci and aseptate ascospores. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA regions also revealed that our specimens were related to M. paludosa and M. elegans, but formed a distinct clade. Based on these results, we reported our specimens as new to science and discussed the phylogeny and diversity of Mitrula species.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2023

A powdery mildew (Erysiphaceae) has been continuously collected on the leaves of Lonicera harae in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, where this shrub is indigenous. Microscopic examination of the asexual morphs revealed that the current collections are differentiated from the all known Erysiphe species on Lonicera spp. by its longer conidiophores and longer conidia. Although the morphology of the chasmothecia is reminiscent of Erysiphe ehrenbergii and E. lonicerae, the specimens on L. harae differ from them in having smaller ascospores. A phylogenetic tree generated from a combined dataset of the internal transcribed spacer region and 28S rDNA gene sequences demonstrates that sequences obtained from three powdery mildew collections on L. harae clustered together as an independent species clade with high bootstrap values distant from other Erysiphe species on Lonicera, representing a species of its own. Based on morphological differences and molecular-phylogenetic results, the powdery mildew on L. harae is proposed as a new species, Erysiphe lonicerigena, and the holomorph of the fungus is described and illustrated in this study.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2023

A fungal strain designated KNUF-21-66Q1 was isolated from soil in Chungcheongbuk Province, Korea. Moderate growth of colonies was observed on potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar (OA), malt extract agar, and cornmeal agar media at 25℃, and the detailed morphology was examined on OA medium. The colonies on OA medium were flat, had entire margin, hyaline, and yellow concentric rings in 3-4 weeks. Conidiomata were pycnidial, solitary or clustered, globose to subglobose, black-brown, and 300-500 ㎛ in diameter. Conidiogenous cells were smooth, hyaline, globose to ampulliform, and 6.0-9.0×3.0-6.0 ㎛ in size (n=15). Conidia were hyaline to pale brown, slightly golden, obovoid to slightly ellipsoidal, smooth, guttulate, and 3.0-4.7×2.1-3.3 ㎛ in size (n=100). The strain was confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer regions, the partial 28S rDNA of large subunit, and β-tubulin gene sequences. The morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain KNUF-21-66Q1 was similar to the previously described Paraconiothyrium kelleni. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. kelleni in Korea.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2022

Penicillium species have been actively studied in various fields, and many new and unrecorded species continue to be reported in Korea. Moreover, unidentified and misidentified Korean Penicillium species still exist in GenBank. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the Korean Penicillium inventory based on accurate identification. We collected Korean Penicillium nucleotide sequence records from GenBank using the newly developed software, GenMine, and re-identified Korean Penicillium based on the maximum likelihood trees. A total of 1681 Korean Penicillium GenBank nucleotide sequence records were collected from GenBank. In these records, 1208 strains with four major genes (Internal Transcribed Spacer rDNA region, b-tubulin, Calmodulin and RNA polymerase II) were selected for Penicillium reidentification. Among 1208 strains, 927 were identified, 82 were identified as other genera, the rest remained undetermined due to low phylogenetic resolution. Identified strains consisted of 206 Penicillium species, including 156 recorded species and 50 new species candidates. However, 37 species recorded in the national list of species in Korea were not found in GenBank. Further studies on the presence or absence of these species are required through literature investigation, additional sampling, and sequencing. Our study can be the basis for updating the Korean Penicillium inventory.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.205-215
• /
• 2022

Penicillium pimiteouiense was discovered in South Korea during an investigation of fungal communities in soil collected from the Gyeongsangbuk-do province. In this study, we performed molecular analysis of this fungal isolate using internal transcribed spacer rDNA, β-tubulin, and Calmodulin gene sequences. We also performed morphological analysis using five agar media, potato dextrose, oatmeal, malt extract, czapek yeast extract, and yeast extract sucrose. In this study, the molecular and morphological analyses of P. pimiteouiense with detailed descriptions and figures has been carried out.