• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.159-184
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• 1998

The aim of the study was the experiment of the effect that Kami-Daesihotang had on the essential hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Rats were orally administered with Kami-Daesihotang for 30days and the constituent of the plasma and serum were analysed at the 10th, 20th and 30th day from the first day of experiment, respectively. The heart rate, blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma level of aldosterone, catecholamine, sodium and angiotensin II were measured after an oral administration of Kami-Daesihotang in SHR. In addition, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total lipid were measured with cholesterol-fed rats. The results were summarized as following ; 1. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang remarkably decreased the blood pressure in SHR. 2. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang were recognized as having the effect on the decreased of the pulse rate in SHR. 3. Plasma renin activity was significantly decreasd in SHR after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 4. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang considerably reduced the plasma angiotensin level in SHR. 5. Noticeable decreased of plasma norepinephrine level was showed in SHR, after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 6. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang noticeable reduced body weight in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. 7. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang had a significantly decreasing effect on serum total cholesterol in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. 8. Serum triglyceride level was importantly decreased in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol, after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 9. Remarkable decreased of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level was found in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol, after single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang & double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang treatment. 10. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang was showed a significantly decreasing effect on serum total lipid level in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. 11. Single-dosage Kami-Daesihotang noticeably reduced organ weight of liver, kidney, spleen and testis in hyperlipidemia rats which had fed with 1% cholesterol. Double-dosage Kami-Daesihotang significantly decreased organ weight of liver, kidney and spleen in hyperlipidemia rats. These Findings suggest a possible anti-hypertensive and hyperlipidemic effect of Kami-Daesihotang.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2000

Objective : In order to study effects of Chungsanggyuntong-tang on Hyperlipidemia which causes Hypertension, Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral vascular disease and Ischemic heart disease Methods : The changes of serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, body weight and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang were administered p.o to the Hyperlipidemic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet for 10, 20 and 30 days. Results : The food consumption and the body weight were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group, except Double-dosage 30days. The contents of total lipid were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 20, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show any significant change compared with control group. The contents of total cholesterol were decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group, but did not show any significant changes compared with control group. The contents of triglyceride were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show significant changes compared with control group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 and 30 days compared with control group. The liver and spleen weight were significantly increased in control group compared with normal group. The liver weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. The liver, spleen and kidney weight were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. Conclusions : It was thought that Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2000

Objectives : In order to study effects of Dansamyeum on Hyperlipidemia which causes Hypertension, Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral vascular disease and Ischemic heart disease Methods : The changes of serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, body weight and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Dansamyeum and Double-dosage Dansamyeum were administered p.o to the Hyperlipidemic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet for 10, 20 and 30 days. Results : The body weight was significantly decreased in Double-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 and 30 days compared with control group. The contents of total lipid were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 days, but Double-dosage Dansamyeum group did not show any significant change compared with control group. The contents of total cholesterol were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10 and 20 days compared with control group. The contents of triglyceride were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 30 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 10, 20 and 30 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10, 20 and 30 days compared with control group. The liver weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. The kidney and testis weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. The spleen weight was significantly decreased in Double-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. Conclusions : It was thought that Single-dosage Dansamyeum and Double-dosage Dansamyeum could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-158
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• 1998

In order to study the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Evening primrose, the changes of body weight, serum total cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum LDL-cholesterol, serum total lipid and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Evening primrose and Double-dosage Evening primrose were administered p.o to the hypercholestemic and hypertriglyceremic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet during 10, 20, 30 days. The result were summarized as follows ; 1. The contents of body weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10, 30 days and in double-dosage Evening primrose group did not show significant value. 2. The contents of serum total cholesterol with control group tend to be decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group, but did not show significant value. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 20, 30 days. 3. The contents of serum HDL-cholesterol compared with control group was significantly increased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10, 20, 30 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significantly value during 30 days. 4. The contents of serum triglyceride compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10, 30 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 20 days. 5. The contents of serum LDL-cholesterol compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 10, 20, 30 days. 6. The contents of serum total lipid compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 20 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 20, 30 days. 7. The contents of liver weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group and double-dosage Evening primrose group. The contents of kidney weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group. The contents of spleen weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group and double-dosage Evening primrose group. The contents of testis weight compared with control group tend to decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group and double-dosage Evening primrose group, put did not show a significant value. From the above results, it was thought that Evening primrose could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2023

Directly, it is not possible to measure the absorbed dose of radiopharmaceuticals in the organs of the human body. Therefore, simulation methods are utilized to estimate the dose in distinct organs. In this study, individual organs were separately considered as the source organ or target organ to calculate the mean absorption dose, which SAF and S factors were then calculated according to the target uptake via MIRD method. Here, ^99mTc activity distribution within the target was analyzed using the definition and simulation of ideal organs by summing the fraction of cumulative activities of the heart as source organ. Thus, GATE code was utilized to simulate the Zubal humanoid phantom. To validate the outcomes in comparison to the similar results reported, the accumulation of activity in the main organs of the body was calculated at the moment of injection and cardiac rest condition after 60 min of injection. The results showed the highest dose absorbed into pancreas was about 21%, then gallbladder 18%, kidney 16%, spleen 15%, heart 8%, liver 8%, thyroid 7%, lungs 5% and brain 2%, respectively, after 1 h of injection. This distinct simulation model may also be used for different periods after injection and modifying the prescribed dose.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2014

Objectives: Mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture (MGP) is a pharmacopuncture made by distilling extract from mountain cultivated ginseng or mountain wild ginseng. This pharmacopuncture is injected intravenously, which is a quick, lossless way of strongly tonifying Qi function. The present study was undertaken to evaluate a 4-week, repeated, intravenous injection, toxicity test of MGP in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Twenty male and female 6-week-old SD rats were used as subjects. We divided the SD rats into 4 groups: the high-dosage (10 mL/kg), medium-dosage (5 mL/kg), low-dosage (2.5 mL/kg) and control (normal saline) groups. MGP or normal saline was injected intravenously into the caudal vein of the rats once daily for 4 weeks. Clinical signs, body weights, and food consumption were monitored during the observation period, and hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, necropsy, and histological examinations were conducted once the observations had been completed. Results: No mortality was observed in any of the groups during the observation period. No changes due to MGP were observed in the experimental groups regarding clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight and necropsy. No histological changes due to MGP were observed in any of the male or female rats in the high-dosage group. Conclusion: During this 4-week, repeated, intravenous injection, toxicity test of MGP in SD rats, no toxic changes due to MGP were observed in any of the male or female rats in the high-dosage group. Thus, we suggest that the high and the low doses in a 13-week, repeated test should be 10 mL/kg and 2.5 mL/kg, respectively.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2009

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2010

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.539-553
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• 2010

Objectives : The object of this study was to obtain accurate information (single oral dose toxicity) of Lonicerae Flos (LF; Dried flower bud parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb (Caprifoliaceae)), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating various inflammatory diseases. Methods : In order to observe the 50% lethal dose (LD 50), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight.). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored for 14 days after single oral treatment of LF aqueous extracts with organ weights and histopathological observations of 12 types of principle organs. Results : 1. After single oral treatment of LF aqueous extracts, we could not find any mortality and toxicological evidences up to 2,000 mg/kg treated group, the limited dosages in rodents at body and organ weights, clinical signs, gross and histopathological observations. 2. Slight diarrhea was detected in most mice treated with 2,000 mg/kg of LF aqueous extracts and male mice of LF aqueous extracts 1,000 mg/kg within 2 days after end of treatment, respectively. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD 50 and ALD of LF aqueous extracts in both female and male mice after single oral treatment were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected up to 2000 mg/kg, the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. However, we also observed the possibility of digestive disorders like diarrhea when over 1,000 mg/kg of LF aqueous extracts were administered in the present study.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2013

Objectives : The object of this study was to obtain acute information (single oral dose toxicity) of Scutellariae Radix Aqueous Extracts (SR; yield = 27.20%) which traditionally have been used in Korean medicine for treating various diseases including inflammatory diseases. Methods : In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, SR Aqueous Extracts were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after single oral treatment of SR according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights and histopathological observations of 14 types of principle organs. Results : After single oral treatment of SR, we could not find any mortality and toxicological evidences up to 2,000 mg/kg treated group, the limited dosages in rodents, on the body and organ weights, clinical signs, gross and histopathological observations, except for some accidental findings. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that the $LD_{50}$ and ALD of SR in both female and male mice after single oral treatment be considered as over 2,000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD, and can be safely used in clinics.