• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interface accuracy of computer-assisted designed and manufactured (CAD/CAM) titanium abutments and implant fixture compared to gold-cast UCLA abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An external connection implant system (Mark III, n=10) and an internal connection implant system (Replace Select, n=10) were used, 5 of each group were connected to milled titanium abutment and the rest were connected to the gold-cast UCLA abutments. The implant fixture and abutment were tightened to torque of 35 Ncm using a digital torque gauge, and initial detorque values were measured 10 minutes after tightening. To mimic the mastication, a cyclic loading was applied at 14 Hz for one million cycles, with the stress amplitude range being within 0 N to 100 N. After the cyclic loading, detorque values were measured again. The fixture-abutment gaps were measured under a microscope and recorded with an accuracy of ${\pm}0.1{\mu}m$ at 50 points. RESULTS. Initial detorque values of milled abutment were significantly higher than those of cast abutment (P<.05). Detorque values after one million dynamic cyclic loadings were not significantly different (P>.05). After cyclic loading, detorque values of cast abutment increased, but those of milled abutment decreased (P<.05). There was no significant difference of gap dimension between the milled abutment group and the cast abutment group after cyclic loading. CONCLUSION. In conclusion, CAD/CAM milled titanium abutment can be fabricated with sufficient accuracy to permit screw joint stability between abutment and fixture comparable to that of the traditional gold cast UCLA abutment.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2009

연구목적: 골유착이라는 개념이 도입된 후, 임플란트의 등장은 치과계에 많은 변화를 일으키게 되었다. 임플란트를 이용한 상실치아의 수복은 안정된 시술방법으로 시행되어져 왔으며 그 적용 범위가 확대되었고 사용 빈도도 급격히 증가해왔다. 이에 따라 국산 임플란트의 사용 빈도도 높아지고 그 종류 또한 증가하였으나 장기간의 임상적, 객관적인 자료를 가진 국산 임플란트의 수는 많지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구는 연세대학교 치과대학 병원에 내원한 환자 중 SLA 표면 처리 및 미세나사선을 가진 내측 연결형의 $Implantium^{(R)}$ 임플란트를 이용하여 치료받은 38명의 환자에게 식립된 106개의 임플란트를 대상으로 6개월에서 30개월까지의 임상적, 방사선학적 결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 진료기록부를 통해 성별, 연령, 식립 위치, 식립 부위의 골 상태, 식립된 임플란트의 직경 및 길이, 2차수술및골이식여부, 대합치의 유형, 임상적 합병증의 유형 및 빈도 등을 조사하여 그에 따른 분포 및 생존율의 차이와 함께 이들 항목이 변연골 흡수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 방사선 사진분석으로 임플란트 식립시, 보철물 장착 후 첫 6개월 내지 1년간, 그 이후 연간 변연골 흡수량을 측정하여 분석하였다. 결과: 1. 총 38명에게 식립된 106개의 임플란트 중 1개가 실패하여 누적 생존율은 99.1%로 나타났다. 2. 보철물 장착 후 최소 6개월 이상 정기검진이 가능했던 96개의 임플란트에서 상악에서의 생존율이 97.0%, 하악에서의 생존율은 100%였고, 구치부에서의 생존율은 98.9%였으며 전치부에서의 생존율은 100%였다. 3. 보철물 장착 후 첫 1년간의 변연골 흡수량은 평균 0.17 mm 이었으며, 1년 이후의 연간 변연골 흡수량은 평균 0.04 mm로 통계학적으로 유의차 있게 적은 골소실량을 나타내었다(P<.05). 4. 보철물 장착 후 첫 1년간 연령에 따른 변연골 흡수량의 차이는 보이지 않았으나(P>.05), 1년 이후의 정기 검진 기간에서 50세 이상의 환자에서 50세 미만의 환자보다 큰 연간 변연골 흡수량을 보였다(P<.05). 5. 성별 간, 악궁 간, 전치부와 구치부위 간, 2차 수술 및 골 이식 여부, 보철물의 유형, 대합치의 유형에 따른 변연골 흡수량의 차이는 보이지 않았다(P>.05). 결론: 이상의 결과를 토대로 변연골 흡수량에 영향을 주는 요소로 연령을 들 수 있었으며 성별, 악궁 간, 악궁 내 위치, 2차 수술 및 골 이식 여부, 보철물의 유형, 대합치의 유형에 따른 변연골 흡수량의 차이는 없었다. 본 연구에서 최대 30개월까지의 기간 동안 SLA 표면 처리 및 미세나사선을 가진 내측 연결형의 국산 임플란트의 임상적인 성공률은 만족스러운 결과를 보였으며 변연골 흡수량도 임플란트 성공 기준에 부합하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.304-312
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of 2-short implants (2SIs) installed in a severely atrophic maxillary molar site. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three different diameters of internal connection implants were modeled: narrow platform (NP), regular platform (RP), and wide platform (WP). The maxillary first molars were restored with one implant or two short implants. Three 2SI models (NP-oblique, NP-vertical, and NP-horizontal) and four single implant models (RP and WP in a centered or cantilevered position) were used. Axial and oblique loadings were applied on the occlusal surface of the crown. The von Mises stress values were measured at the bone-implant, peri-implant bone, and implant/abutment complex. RESULTS. The highest stress distribution at the bone-implant interface and the peri-implant bone was noticed in the RP group, and the lowest stress distribution was observed in the 2SI groups. Cantilevered position showed unfavorable stress distribution with axial loading. 2SI types did not affect the stress distribution in oblique loading. The number and installation positions of the implant, rather than the bone level, influenced the stress distribution of 2SIs. The implant/abutment complex of WP presented the highest stress concentration while that of 2SIs showed the lowest stress concentration. CONCLUSION. 2SIs may be useful for achieving stable stress distribution on the surrounding bone and implant-abutment complex in the atrophic posterior maxilla.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2020

Objectives: In this study, we determined the incidence and pattern of screw loosening in patients who received dental implants. Materials and Methods: Patients who received implants between January 2008 and October 2013 and completed their prosthetic rehabilitation were evaluated for the incidence, frequency, and onset of screw loosening using dental charts and radiographs. The association between each factor and screw loosening was analyzed using the chi-square test and a multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression models (P<0.05). Results: Total 1,928 implants were placed in 837 patients (448 males, 389 females), whose follow-up period after loading varied from 0.25 to 70 months (mean period, 31.5 months). Screw loosening occurred in 7.2% of implants. Most cases occurred less than six months after loading. Among those, 22.3% experienced recurrent screw loosening. Screw loosening was most common in the molar region (8.5%) and frequently associated with an implant diameter of ≥5 mm (14.2%). External implant-abutment connections (8.9%) and screw-retained implant prostheses (10.1%) showed higher incidence of problems than internal implant-abutment connections and cement-retained implants, respectively. Screw loosening was most common in implant prostheses with single crowns (14.0%). Conclusion: Within the limits of the current study, we conclude that the incidence of screw loosening differs significantly according to the position of implant placement, the type of implant and manufacturer, implant diameter, the type of implant-abutment connection, the type of retention in the implant prosthesis, and the type of implant prosthesis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2020

Purpose: A stability-measuring device that utilizes damping capacity analysis (DCA) has recently been introduced in the field of dental implantology. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and reliability of this device by measuring the implant stability of ex vivo samples in comparison with a resonance frequency analysis (RFA) device. Methods: Six implant beds were prepared in porcine ribs using 3 different drilling protocols to simulate various implant stability conditions. Thirty-six pork ribs and 216 bone-level implants measuring 10 mm in height were used. The implant beds were prepared using 1 of the following 3 drilling protocols: 10-mm drilling depth with a 3.5-mm-diameter twist drill, 5-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill, and 10-mm drilling depth with a 4.0-mm-diameter twist drill. The first 108 implants were external-connection implants 4.0 mm in diameter, while the other 108 implants were internal-connection implants 4.3 mm in diameter. The peak insertion torque (PIT) during implant placement, the stability values obtained with DCA and RFA devices after implant placement, and the peak removal torque (PRT) during implant removal were measured. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the implant stability quotient (ISQ) results obtained using the RFA device at the medial, distal, ventral, and dorsal points were 0.997, 0.994, 0.994, and 0.998, respectively. The ICCs of the implant stability test (IST) results obtained using the DCA device at the corresponding locations were 0.972, 0.975, 0.974, and 0.976, respectively. Logarithmic relationships between PIT and IST, PIT and ISQ, PRT and IST, and PRT and ISQ were observed. The mean absolute difference between the ISQ and IST values on a Bland-Altman plot was -6.76 (-25.05 to 11.53, P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of ex vivo studies, measurements made using the RFA and DCA devices were found to be correlated under a variety of stability conditions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) abutment and prefabricated abutment in Morse taper internal connection type implants after cyclic loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was conducted with internal type implants of two different manufacturers (Group Os, De). Fourteen assemblies were prepared for each manufacturer group and divided into 2 groups (n=7): prefabricated abutments (Os-P, De-P) and CAD/CAM abutments (Os-C, De-C). The amount of axial displacement and the removal torque values (RTVs) were measured before and after cyclic loading (10⁶ cycles, 3 Hz with 150 N), and the tensile removal force to dislodge the abutments was measured after cyclic loading. A repeated measures ANOVA and a pattern analysis based on the logarithmic regression model were conducted to evaluate the effect of cyclic loading on the axial displacement. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney test was conducted for comparison of RTV reduction% and tensile removal forces. RESULTS. There was no significant difference between CAD/CAM abutments and prefabricated abutments in axial displacement and tensile removal force; however, significantly greater RTV reduction% after cyclic loading was observed in CAD/CAM abutments. The correlation among the axial displacement, the RTV, and the tensile removal force was not significant. CONCLUSION. The use of CAD/CAM abutment did not significantly affect the amount of axial displacement and tensile removal force, but presented a significantly greater removal torque reduction% than prefabricated abutments. The connection stability due to the friction at the abutment-implant interface of CAD/CAM abutments may not be different from prefabricated abutment.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2020

원추형 내부연결 임플란트의 독특한 생역학적 현상이 수직침하와 전하중 상실이다. 원추형 내부연결 임플란트에서 수직적 정지점의 부재로 발생하는 수직침하에 의해 나사의 전하중이 상실되고 교합이 낮아지는 현상이 유발된다. 원추형 내부연결 임플란트에 발생하는 응력은 나사가 아니라 지대주가 접촉하는 계면에 집중되므로 식립할 때는 가급적 상부직경이 두꺼운 임플란트를 선택하는 것이 중요하다. 원추형 내부연결 임플란트는 치조정보다 하방에 식립해야 하며 수복 시에는 적절한 지대주 형태와 정확한 연결을 가지는지 주의해야 한다. 최상의 임상적 결과를 얻기 위해서는 상부 직경을 잘 선택하고 적절한 위치에 식립하여 수복하는 것이 필요하다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2010

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the implant master cast according to the type (pick-up, transfer) and the length (long, short) of the impression copings. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The metal master cast was fabricated with three internal connection type implant analogs (Osstem GS III analog), embedded parallel and with $10^{\circ}$ of mesial angulation to the center analog. Four types of impression coping were prepared with different combinations of types (transfer, pick-up) and lengths (long, short) of the coping. The impressions were made using vinyl polysiloxane (one step, heavy + light body) with an individual tray, and 10 impressions were made for each group. Eventually, 40 experimental casts were produced. Then, the difference in the distance between the master cast and the experimental cast were measured, and the error rate was determined. The analysis of variance was performed using the SPSS (v 12.0) program (${\alpha}$= .05), and the statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS. The ANOVA showed that the pick-up type impression coping exhibited a significantly lower error rate than the transfer type. However, no significant difference was observed with respect to the length of the impression coping. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the parallel and mesial angulated groups. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of this study, the pick-up type impression coping exhibited a more accurate implant master cast than the transfer type in parallel group. The accuracy of the implant master cast did not differ for different lengths of impression coping of at least 11 mm. Additionally, the accuracy of the implant cast was not different for the parallel and $10^{\circ}$ mesial angulated groups.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치주과학회 2007년도 제47회 종합학술대회 연제초록
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• pp.184-185
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• 2007

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.396-408
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• 2008

연구목적: 임플랜트 치료에서 가장 흔히 발생하는 기계적 문제점 중 하나는 나사의 풀림이다. 지대주 나사에 조임회전력을 가하는 목적은 나사를 신장시켜, 신장된 나사의 인장력에 의한 지대주와 고정체간의 압축력을 통해 연결부의 안정성을 부여하는 데 있다. 조임 회전력의 결과로 나타나는 전하중의 크기는 다양한 요소에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에, 동일한 조임회전력을 적용하였다 할지라도 임플랜트 시스템의 종류에 따라 전하중의 크기가 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 지대주 나사 연결부의 안정성을 위한 다양한 임플랜트 시스템의 적정 조임회전력 크기에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 external butt joint와 두 가지 internal cone 연결형태를 갖는 임플랜트 시스템들에서 지대주 나사의 조임회전력이 임플랜트-지대주 나사 연결부의 안정성에 미치는 영향을 하중 전후의 풀림회전력 측정을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: External butt joint 형태를 가지는 US II 시스템과 $8^{\circ}$ internal cone 연결형태의 SS II 및 $11^{\circ}$ internal cone 연결형태의 GS II 시스템에서 20 Ncm, 30 Ncm, 그리고 40 Ncm의 각기 다른 조임회전력을 적용한 후 초기 풀림회전력 및 상실률과 $10^5$회의 반복하중 후의 풀림회전력 및 상실률을 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과 및 결론: 1. 초기 풀림회전력과 하중 후 풀림회전력은 조임회전력의 크기가 증가할수록 크게 나타났다 (P < .05). 2. 초기 풀림회전력 상실률은 SS II 시스템에서는 조임회전력 크기에 따른 차이가 없었으나 (P > .05), GS II와 US II에서는 20 Ncm 보다 40Ncm의 조임회전력에서 더 낮게 나타났다 (P < .05). 3. 하중 후 풀림회전력 상실률은 세 시스템 모두 30 Ncm의 조임회전력을 가했을 때 가장 낮게 나타났다 (P < .05). 4. 하중 후 풀림회전력 상실률은 SS II, GS II, 그리고 US II 순으로 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 5. 초기 풀림회전력과 하중 후 풀림회전력 상실률 간에는 상관관계가 없었다 (P > .05). 이상의 결과로부터 임플랜트 시스템의 종류뿐만 아니라 조임회전력의 크기 또한 지대주 나사의 풀림회전력 상실에 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 임플랜트-지대주 나사 연결부 안정성 유지를 위해서는 임플랜트 시스템마다 적정 조임회전력이 제시되어야 하고, 또한 임상에서 이를 준수하는 것이 매우 중요하다고 생각된다.