• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2009

Recently, researchers are developing a new, clean, renewable and sustainable energy to the industrial areas and the residential areas. Solar cell and fuel cell energy are presented in this paper. The paper shows the P-I and I-V characteristics of fuel cells which are connected in parallel and series. And the voltage drop of internal resistance of the fuel cell decreases with the increasing of the current of the fuel cell. A voltage drop at the internal resistance is increased according to the current, thus the terminal voltage is decreased. The internal resistance is calculated $0.3[\Omega]$ from maximum power transfer condition.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.9-9
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• 2010

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) holds great promise of clean power. However, in practical applications which use the PEMFC as the power source, the output voltage from the fuel cell undergoes transient response especially during acceleration and deceleration. This paper presents the relationships between the internal voltage drop, voltage of time constant, time constant of FC1 and FC2 (in series and in parallel) charge curves and discharge curves respectively.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1835-1839
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• 2008

파워 매니지먼트는 휴대용 전자 기기에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 휴대용 전자 기기는 배터리의 수명을 증가시키기 위해 LDO와 같은 파워 효율적인 파워 매니지먼트를 요구한다. 그래서 배터리 전원을 사용하는 휴대폰, 카메라 레코더, laptop, 자동차 전장용, 산업용 기기 등의 응용에서는 배터리의 전압변동이 크기 때문에, 배터리 전원을 그대로 사용하지 않고 내부회로의 전원을 제공해 주는 LDO를 이용한다. 레귤레이터는 배터리 전원전압 보다 낮은DC전압을 내부회로에 제공하며, 큰 변동을 보이는 배터리 전압에 관계없이 일정한 DC전압을 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 0.18um CMOS 공정기술로 제작된 온칩 LDO의 파워 세이브 모드 전류 특성과 IR-Drop 특성을 파악해 보았다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1248-1250
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• 2002

AC AT feeding system is possible to do the long distance feeding due to compensate the voltage drop. Nowaday this is a typical and efficient type all over the world in high speed train and heavy transport capacity. Normally a Auto-transformer is installed at regular internal (5 to 10km) between Substation and Sectioning post, this study is reviewed the voltage drop according to train movement and the optimal location of auto transformer, and provided the efficient feeding configuration.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.530-533
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• 2010

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) holds great promise of clean power. However, in practical applications which use the PEMFC as the power source, the output voltage from the fuel cell undergoes a transient response especially during acceleration and deceleration. This paper presents the relationships between the charge curves of the internal voltage rise, discharge curves of the internal voltage drop, the voltage with a time constant $V_{\tau}$ and finally, the load and time constant $\tau$ of $FC_1$ and $FC_2$, connected both in series and in parallel.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2000년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.493-497
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• 2000

A battery is the device that transforms the chemical energy into the direct-current electrical energy without a mechanical process. Unit cells are connected in series to obtain the required voltage while being connected in parallel to organize capacity for load current. Because the voltage drop down in one set of battery is faster than in two one it may result in the low efficiency of power converter with the voltage drop and cause the system shutdown. However when the system being shutdown. However when the system being driven in parallel a circular-current can be generated,. It is shown that as a result the new batteries are heated by over-charge and over-discharge and the over charge current increases rust of the positive grid and consequently shortens the lifetime of the new batteries. The difference between the new batteries and old ones is the amount of internal resistance. In this paper we can detect the unbalance current using the microprocessor and achieve the balance current by adjusting resistance of each set, The internal resistance of each set becomes constant and the current of charge and discharge comes to be balanced by inserting the external resistance into the system and calculating the change of internal resistance.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1992

2개의 단위전지를 제작하여 각각 산소와 공기를 산화제로 하여 조업하였다. 산소를 사용한 단위전지의 350시간 조업후의 개전압 강하는 30mV였고 내부저항도 증가하였다. 공기를 사용한 단위천지의 250시간 조업후의 개전압강하는 130mV였고 산소를 사용한 경우와는 개전압 차이는 90mV였다. 공기를 이용한 단위전지의 조업 성능을 향상시키기 위하여는 전해질의 공급방법과 전극의 물질전달특성에 관한 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1993년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1242-1244
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• 1993

As increasing of internal resistance value at MCFC electrode, out voltage of battery is decreased currently. We measured overpotential and IR drop which consist of resistance factors in MCFC electrode, and calculated out voltage from open circuit voltage.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.10-10
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• 2010

The solar cell energy is considered as a clean energy source in the world. However, because the output of solar cell is not constant, it needs to study the relationships of the DC voltage, the DC current and the DC power of the solar cell. This paper presents the solar cell output characteristics and the maximum power point of the solar cell under different irradiation conditions.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2015

When a battery is discharging, the battery's current and terminal voltage must both be measured to estimate its state of charge (SOC). If the SOC can be estimated by using only the current or voltage, hardware costs will decrease. This paper proposes an SOC estimation algorithm that needs to measure only the terminal voltage while a battery is discharging. The battery's SOC can be deduced from its open circuit voltage (OCV) through the relationship between SOC and OCV. But when the battery is discharging, it is not possible to measure the OCV due to the voltage drop in the battery's internal resistance (IRdrop). The proposed algorithm calculates OCV by estimating IRdrop using a dynamic terminal voltage measurement. This paper confirms the results of applying the algorithm in a hardware environment via algorithm binarization. To evaluate the algorithm, a Simulink battery model based on actual values was used.