• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.213-229
• /
• 2003

A high precision shear deformable triangular element has been proposed for free vibration analysis of composite trapezoidal plates. The element has twelve nodes at the three sides and four nodes inside the element. Initially the element has fifty-five degrees of freedom, which has been reduced to forty-eight by eliminating the degrees of freedom of the internal nodes through static condensation. Plates having different side ratios (b/a), boundary conditions, thickness ratios (h/a=0.01, 0.1 and 0.2), number of layers and fibre angle orientations have been analyzed by the proposed shear locking free element. Trapezoidal laminate with concentrated mass at the centre has also been analyzed. An efficient mass lumping scheme has been recommended, where the effect of rotary inertia has been included. For validation of the present element and formulation few results of isotropic trapezoidal plate and square composite laminate have been compared with those obtained from open literatures. The numerical results for composite trapezoidal laminate have been given as new results.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.277-291
• /
• 1983

토목공사(土木工事)에서 흙구조물(構造物)의 시공후(施工後)에 변화(變化)하는 전단특성(剪斷特性)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 입도(粒度)가 다른 4종류(種類)의 시료(試料)를 사용(使用)하여 최적함수비(最適含水比)와 최대건조밀도(最大乾燥密度)로 다짐한 공시체(供試體)에 여러가지 선행압축하중(先行壓縮荷重)을 가(加)한 후(後) 직접전단시험(直接剪斷試驗)과 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 200번(番)체 통과율(通過率)이 증가(增加)함에 따라서 점착력(粘着力)은 일률적(一律的)으로 증가(增加)하였고, 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 감소(減少)하였으나 그 감소율(減少率)은 완만(緩慢)하였다. 2. 선행압축(先行壓縮)은 다짐 점성토(粘性土)의 전단강도(剪斷强度)를 증가(增加)시키는데, 점착력(粘着力)의 증가(增加)는 현저(顯著)하나 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 일률적(一律的)인 변화(變化)의 경향(傾向)이 나타나지 않았다. 3. 선행압축하중(先行壓縮荷重)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 응력일변위(應力一變位) 곡선(曲線)의 기울기는 초기(初期)에 급(急)하고, 수직변위(垂直變位)는 압축단계(壓縮段階)에서는 작았으나 팽창단계(膨脹段階)에서는 큰 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다. 4. 수평변위(水平變位)가 증가(增加)함에 따라서 전단시(剪斷時)의 수직응력(垂直應力)이 작은 경우에 응력비(應力比)(전단응력(剪斷應力)/수직응력(垂直應力))는 큰 값을 나타냈고 곡선(曲線)의 기울기도 급(急)하게 나타났다. 5. 직접전단시험(直接剪斷試驗)과 삼축압축시험결과(三軸壓縮試驗結果)를 종합(綜合)하면 동일조건(同一條件)의 시료(試料)에서 점착력(粘着力)은 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)에서, 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 직접전단시험(直接剪斷試驗)에서 큰 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 1998

구조역학에 기초한 보의 종방향 휨모멘트변화율과 전단력의 관계와 본 연구자가 이전에 발표한 아취모델을 이용하여 복부보강이 안된 철근콘크리트 보의 전단강도 예측식을 제안하였다. 이론적으로 유도된 본 연구의 전단강도식은 주로 실험결과에 기초한 ACI 318 전단강도식과 비슷한 형태이다. 본 연구에서 제안한 식은 콘크리트 압축강도, 주인장철근비 및 전단지간대 유효높이의 비가 주변수이며, 보작용과 아취작용의 조합에 의한 철근콘크리트 보의 전단저항메카니즘이 합리적으로 반영되어 있다. 본 연구에서 제안한 전단강도식은 ACI 318 전단강도식 및 Zsutty의 전단강도식과 함께 기존의 실험결과와 비교되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.169-172
• /
• 2006

Wall construction apartment built before 1988 years need internal examination reinforcement according to existing laws ans regulations at remodeling because do not earthquake resistant design. Established newly wall to interest paid back at the same time a the principal direction for wall construction apartment internal examination reinforcement, and satisfied internal examination standard because uses width displacement between floor. This study analyzes displacement value such as latitude and presented position of efficient reinforcement wall and wall quantity at earthquake resistant design of wall construction apartment.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제39권7호
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 2023

본 논문에서는 직접전단시험을 이용하여 수침이나 고온이 고결모래의 전단강도에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 고결제로 초속경 시멘트와 에폭시 수용액을 사용하여 표준사인 주문진표준사를 고결시켰다. 고결제는 4, 8, 또는 12%로 혼합한 다음 다짐방식으로 직경 64mm, 높이 25mm의 원주형 고결 공시체를 제작하였다. 양생일은 모두 3일로 동일하며, 양생조건은 대기중 양생, 수침 및 가열 조건이다. 여기서 가열 조건은 수침한 공시체를 전자레인지로 3분씩 3회 반복하여 공시체 내부에 90℃ 정도의 고온을 발생시켰다. 고결제의 종류에 관계없이 고결제 함유량이 증가할수록 고결모래의 점착력은 증가하였으나, 내부마찰각은 약간 증가하거나 오히려 감소하였다. 초속경 시멘트 고결모래에 비해 에폭시 고결모래가 평균적으로 점착력은 5배, 마찰각은 10° 정도 높게 나타나 더 높은 강도를 보였다. 전반적으로 고결제의 종류에 관계없이 수침 시 전단강도는 감소하고 가열 시 전단강도는 증가하였다. 특히, 에폭시 고결모래의 경우 가열 시 점착력은 평균 3배, 내부마찰각은 20° 이상 증가하였다.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.111-125
• /
• 2024

Recently, a lot of research has been done on the analysis of axial vibrations of homogeneous and FG nanotubes (nanorods) with various aspects of vibrations that have been fully mentioned in history. However, there is a lack of investigation of the dynamic internal resonances of FG nanotubes (nanorods) between them. This is one of the essential or substantial characteristics of nonlinear vibration systems that have many applications in various fields of engineering (making actuators, sensors, etc.) and medicine (improving the course of diseases such as cancers, etc.). For this reason, in this study, for the first time, the dynamic internal resonances of FG nanorods in the simultaneous presence of large-amplitude size dependent behaviour, inertial and shear effects are investigated for general state in detail. Such theoretical patterns permit as to carry out various numerical experiments, which is the key point in the expansion of advanced nano-devices in different sciences. This research presents an AFG novel nano resonator model based on the axial vibration of the elastic nanorod system in terms of derivation from large-amplitude size dependent internal modals interactions. The Hamilton's Principle is applied to achieve the basic equations in movement and boundary conditions, and a harmonic deferential quadrature method, and a multiple scale solution technique are employed to determine a semi-analytical solution. The interest of the current solution is seen in its specific procedure that useful for deriving general relationships of internal resonances of FG nanorods. The numerical results predicted by the presented formulation are compared with results already published in the literature to indicate the precision and efficiency of the used theory and method. The influences of gradient index, aspect ratio of FG nanorod, mode number, nonlinear effects, and nonlocal effects variations on the mechanical behavior of FG nanorods are examined and discussed in detail. Also, the inertial and shear traces on the formations of internal resonances of FG nanorods are studied, simultaneously. The obtained valid results of this research can be useful and practical as input data of experimental works and construction of devices related to axial vibrations of FG nanorods.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 2009

This study investigated the shear strength characteristics of waste tire powder-added lightweight soil (WTLS), which were developed to recycle dredged soil, bottom ash, and waste tires. The WTLS used in this experiment consisted of dredged soil, bottom ash, waste tire powder, and cement. Test specimens were prepared with various contents of waste tire powder ranging from 0% to 100% at 25% intervals and bottom ash contents of 0% or 100% by the weight of the dry dredged soil. In this study several series of direct shear tests were carried out, which indicated that the shear properties of WTLS were strongly influenced by the mixing conditions, such as the waste tire powder content and bottom ash content. The unit weight, as well as the shear strength of the WTLS, decreased with an increase in waste tire powder content. The shear strength of WTLS with bottom ash was 1.34 times greater than that of WTLS without bottom ash. An average increase in cohesion of 30 kPa was obtained in WTLS with the inclusion of bottom ash due to the bond strength induced from the pozzolanic reaction of the bottom ash. In this test, the maximum value of the internal friction angle was obtained with a 25% content of waste tire powder.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제61권1호
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2017

The recently introduced index Ratio Of Torsion (ROT) quantifies the base shear amplification due to torsional effects on shear cantilever types of building structures. In this work, a theoretical proof based on the theory of elasticity is provided, depicting that the ratio of torsion (ROT) is independent of the forces acting on the structure, although its definition stems from the shear forces. This is a particular attribute of other design and evaluation criteria against torsion such as center of rigidity and center of strength. In the case of ROT, this evidence could be considered as inconsistent, as ROT is a function solely of the forces acting on structural members, nevertheless it is proven to be independent of them. As ROT is the amplification of the shear forces due to in-plan irregularities, this work depicts that this increase of internal shear forces rely only on the structural topology. Moreover, a numerical verification of this theoretical finding was accomplished, using linear statistics interpretation and nonlinear neural networks simulation for an adequate database of structures.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2019

In recent years, multiple experimental studies have been performed on using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars in reinforced concrete (RC) structural members. FRP bars provide a new type of reinforcement that avoids the corrosion of traditional steel reinforcement. In this study, predicting the shear strength of RC beams with FRP longitudinal bars using artificial neural networks (ANNs) is investigated as a different approach from the current specific codes. An ANN model was developed using the experimental data of 104 FRP-RC specimens from an existing database in the literature. Seven different input parameters affecting the shear strength of FRP bar reinforced RC beams were selected to create the ANN structure. The most convenient ANN algorithm was determined as traingdx. The results from current codes (ACI440.1R-15 and JSCE) and existing literature in predicting the shear strength of FRP-RC beams were investigated using the identical test data. The study shows that the ANN model produces acceptable predictions for the ultimate shear strength of FRP-RC beams (maximum $R^2{\approx}0.97$). Additionally, the ANN model provides more accurate predictions for the shear capacity than the other computed methods in the ACI440.1R-15, JSCE codes and existing literature for considering different performance parameters.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2020

The interaction between the frozen soil and building structures deteriorates with the increasing temperature. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) stratification test was conducted with respect to the unfrozen water content on the interface and a shear test was conducted on the frozen soil-structure interface to explore the shear characteristics of the frozen soil-structure interface and its failure mechanism during the thawing process. The test results showed that the unfrozen water at the interface during the thawing process can be clearly distributed in three stages, i.e., freezing, phase transition, and thawing, and that the shear strength of the interface decreases as the unfrozen water content increases. The internal friction angle and cohesive force display a change law of "as one falls, the other rises," and the minimum internal friction angle and maximum cohesive force can be observed at -1℃. In addition, the change characteristics of the interface strength parameters during the freezing process were compared, and the differences between the interface shear characteristics and failure mechanisms during the frozen soil-structure interface freezing-thawing process were discussed. The shear strength parameters of the interface was subjected to different changes during the freezing-thawing process because of the different interaction mechanisms of the molecular structures of ice and water in case of the ice-water phase transition of the test sample during the freezing-thawing process.