• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2023

Background: This study examined the effects of the bridge exercise with trunk rotation on the thickness of body trunk muscles, including external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis in healthy male adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: Twenty-four men were evenly divided into a trunk rotation bridge exercise group and a basic bridge exercise group by drawing lots. The two groups performed the respective exercise for thirty minutes, three times a week for six weeks. repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used after distinguishing between three different time points before the experiment, three weeks after the experiment, and six weeks after the experiment. The significance level was set at 0.05. In case an interaction between time and group existed, the paired t-test was used to examine the within-group difference. The independent-sample t-test was used to check the between-group difference. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: All the men showed a significant change over time in their external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles. An interaction between time and group was also found (p<0.05). Conclusion: The bridge exercise with trunk rotation causes a meaningful difference in the thickness of external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles. Therefore, this study proposes the use of this exercise for lower-back stabilization in future research and clinical settings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to suggest a more effective method by comparing the effects of changes in pain intensity, muscle strength, and athletic performance after applying a 6-week eccentric training program (ET-MWM) or concentric training program (CT-MWM) with MWM for high school baseball players with shoulder internal impingement (SII). Methods : A total of 75 participants were randomly assigned to each group and divided into two groups, "ET-MWM group (n=35)" and "CT-MWM group (n=32)" according to the intervention method. Pain intensity, muscle strength (external rotation, internal rotation), and athletic performance were first measured before the intervention, and after the intervention 3 times a week for a total of 6 weeks, both groups were re-measured in the same way. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity, biodex dynamometer for muscle strength (60 °/sec.), and Kerlan-Jobe orthopedic clinic shoulder & elbow score (K-KJOC) for athletic performance. Results : As a result of analyzing the homogeneity of the pre-intervention characteristics and initial measurement variables of the study subjects, there was no significant difference between the two groups in all variable values. Pain intensity (VAS) was significantly reduced in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). In addition, the maximum muscle strength of external rotation & internal rotation of the shoulder (60 °/sec.) and athletic performance (K-KJOC) were significantly increased in the ET-MWM group than in the CT-MWM group (p<.05). Conclusion : Compared with the CT-MWM training program, the ET-MWM training program reduced shoulder joint pain and further increased the muscle strength required for throwing motion in high school baseball players. As the result showed better athletic performance improvement, the ET-MWM training program can be clinically recommended as a more effective intervention.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.430-433
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• 1989

Molecular reorientation of oblate symmetric top molecules in the presence of internal rotation is investigated and an analytic expression for the spin-rotational relaxation rate of a nucleus attached to the internal rotor is obtained as a function of the internal angular momentum correlation time. The overall reorientation of the symmetric top is treated by the anisotropic rotational diffusion and the internal rotation is assumed to undergo modified extended rotational diffusion. The result is compared with the previous work for the prolate symmetric top molecule and it is shown that both results reduce to the same expression in the spherical top limit.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Coupled carbon-13 relaxation study of 1,1,1-trichloroethane dissolved in DMSO has been performed to gain some crucial insight into the dynamics of methyl group in this compound. For this purpose the relaxation behaviors of several observable magnetization modes for CH3 spin system generated by various perturbing pulse sequences have been carefully investigated and various dipolar spectral densities were estimated by nonlinear numerical fittings of the observed data with the relaxation curves, which were then employed to determine the three principal values for the diffusion tensor for end-over-end molecular rotation as well as internal rotational parameters of methyl group. In this process we could uniquely determine two correlation times $\tau$int(1) and $\tau$int(2) which give valuable information on internal rotor dynamics and thus obtained data were interpreted on the basis of various proposed models for internal rotation. compound undergoes three-fold jumps at 25$^{\circ}$. The fact that the ratio $\tau$int(1) / $\tau$int(2) is close to 1.0 may be interpreted as indicating that methyl group in this C.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.35-40
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• 2001

An internal finishing process applying Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) was proposed to produce smooth inner surfaces of tubes at a high rate. Since this process uses the tube rotation system, it has been considered applicable only to tubes which are rotatable at high speeds. Here development of the stainless tube(STS 304) rotation system to extend the scope of the application of the internal finishing process applying MAF was made. By the stainless tube(STS 304) rotation system, the abrasive magnetically attracted by the poles is rotated along the inner surface of the tube by magnetic force together with fixed poles, finishing the inner surface of the tube. The main results obtained are as follows : 1) The magnet abrasive finishing minimized influence due to external force because non-contact finishing, 2) The profile of surface roughness decreased very good in 11.4m/min range because abrasive size and speed, 3) The profile of surface roughness by flux density decreased in finishing speed 28m/min, 4) The profile of surface roughness by fled rate decreased in 0.16mm/rev and 0.18mm/rev.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.271-279
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• 2009

Frozen shoulder is clinically characterized by pain and reduced ROM. The therapeutic goal of frozen shoulder can be reducing pain and increasing ROM in shoulder joint, resulting in improvement of joint movement. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the effect of mobilization in parallel with conservative physical therapy(H/P, TENS, U/S) in patients with frozen shoulder on subjective pain scale and ROM. 26 patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder were included for study. Among them, 13 patients(experiment group) were managed by mobilization as well as conservative physical therapy, another 13 patients(control group) were only treated by conservative physical therapy alone. All the patients were treated three times a week for 4 weeks, and after each treatment subjective pain scale and ROM were measured. In experimental group, pain has decreased and ROM has increased in abduction, external rotation and internal rotation. In control group, pain has also decreased but ROM has not changed in abduction, external rotation and internal rotation. There were no significant difference in subjective pain scale between two groups but some difference in ROM (external rotation, internal rotation). According to the results, we concluded that both conservative physical therapy and joint mobilization technique are more effective for increasing ROM especially external rotation, internal rotation than conservative physical therapy alone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 1991

The purpose of this article is to know the standard figures of joint range of motion, in conjuction with age and sen, for normal adults. The results of assessment and analysis io shoulder and hip joint range of motion are as follows : 1) The average shoulder joint range of motion in normal adults are $160.5^{\circ}$ in flexion, $53.5^{\circ}$ in extension, $159.3^{\circ}$ in adduction, $62.3^{\circ}$ in internal rotation, $83.9^{\circ}$ in external rotation, The average hip joint range of motions are $116.8^{\circ}$ in flexion, $16.1^{\circ}$ in extension, $41.1^{\circ}$ in abduction, $33.8^{\circ}$ in abduction, $40.0^{\circ}$ in interne rotation, $41.2^{\circ}$ in external rotation. 2) There is no significant difference in shoulder and hip joint range of motion between male and female (p>0.05). 3) As to the inter-relation in age and range of motion, the left flexion and extension, internal rotation and right extension in shoulder joint is decreased gradually with increasing age, and left flexion (knee flexion, knee extension) and right flexion (knee extension) in hip joint is decreased with increasing age (p<0.01). 4) Relating to age and sex, the twenties male shows highest range of motion in shoulder and hip joint, with .the fifties female shows, lowest range of motion.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the internal and external rotation of shoulder and compare with normal volunteer and patients diagnosed as SLAP lesion. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight cases (group 1) who had SLAP lesions at shoulder arthroscopy and fourty young volunteers(group 2) were analyzed retrogradely with medical record, intra-operative arthroscopic photo & video for SLAP lesions and the ROM of shoulder Under the interscalene anesthesia, the range of motion of internal rotation and external rotation were measured on flxed scapula and 90 degree abduction of shoulder, and the same method for group 2. We analyzed the results with two sample T-test and Wisconsin signed ranks test. Results: There was a significant difference between group 1 and group 2 for the ROM of shoulder. (IR; p<0.001,ER; p<0.001).For the group 1, internal and external rotation with the arm abducted 90 averaged 50 and 64 degrees and for the group 2, internal and external rotation averaged 77 and 90 degrees with significant difference(IR; p<0.001,ER; p<0.001).Conclusion: The range of motion of shoulder, especially internal and external rotation significantly decreased in SLAP lesions. Our results suggest that a limited rotational motion of shoulder closely related with SLAP lesion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1992

The hindered internal rotation effect of methyl group on chemical reaction was studied for cis-trans isomerization reaction of 1-bromopropene system using RRKM technique. A comparative study of the isomerization rates was also performed between the rigid and allowed internal rotations. The calculated rate of rigid cis-trans isomerization of 1-bromopropene was shown to be three times higher than its other halogenated propene homologues with its internal rotations and found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. These findings could be explained reasonably well in terms of the differences of the rotational barrier heights among halogenated propenes and correlated with the relatively low internal rotation barrier of cis-1-bromopropene, 230 cal/mol, compared to those of other cis-1-halopropenes, 700-800 cal/mol, and trans-1-halopropenes, 2.0-2.4 kcal/mol.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

Posterior shoulder muscle tightness is frequently observed in shoulder impingement syndrome because tightness in the posterior portion of the shoulder muscles can cause anterior and superior translation of the humeral head in relation to the glenoid fossa. The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of soft tissue massage on acromiohumeral distance (AHD), anterior translation of the humeral head, and glenohumeral (GH) range of motion (ROM) in subjects with posterior shoulder muscle tightness. Twenty-seven subjects with greater than $10^{\circ}$ difference in the range of GH horizontal adduction between right and left sides were recruited. The range of GH horizontal adduction and internal rotation were measured by a digital inclinometer. The AHD and anterior translation of the humeral head were measured using ultrasonography. A paired t-test was used to compare AHD, anterior translation of the humeral head, and the range of GH horizontal adduction and internal rotation before and after soft tissue massage. The results showed that AHD increased significantly (p<.05) and the anterior translation of humeral head decreased slightly, but not significantly (p=.40) after the soft tissue massage. Furthermore, the ROM of horizontal adduction and internal rotation in the GH joint increased significantly after the soft tissue massage (p<.05). These findings indicate that soft tissue massage on posterior shoulder muscle tightness is an effective method to increase AHD and ROM in the horizontal adduction and internal rotation of the GH joint.