• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal microleakage of condensable composite resin restorations according to flowable resin lining of internal cavity wall. The eighty extracted human molar teeth without caries and/or restorations are used The experimental teeth were randomly assigned into four groups of ten teeth each. Eighty caries-free extracted human molars were used in this study. The conventional class II cavities (box-shaped on mesial and distal surface, faciolingual width : 3mm, gingival wall depth : 1.5mm) were prepared 1mm below cementoenamel junction with a # 701 carbide bur. The teeth were divided into four groups, and then each group were subdivided into A & B group according to flowable resin & compomer lining ; Group 1-A : Tetric Ceram filling, Group 1-B : Tetric Flow lining and Tetric Ceram filling, Group 2-A Ariston pHc filling, Group 2-B : Tetric Flow lining and Ariston pHc filing, Group 3-A SureFil filling, Group 3-B : Dyract Flow lining and SureFil filling, Group 4-A : Pyramid filling, Group 4-B : Aeliteflo lining and Pyramid filling. To simulate as closely as possible the clinical situation during retoration placement, a "restoration template" was fabricated, and the condensable resin was filled using a three-sited light-curing incremental technique. All the materials used were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimens were stored in the 100% humidity for 7 days prior to thermocycling (100 thermal cycles of 5~55$^{\circ}C$ water with a 30-second dwell time) The specimens were immersed in 2% metyleneblue dye for 24 hours, and then embedded in transparent acrylic resin and sectioned mesiodistally with diamond wheel saw. The degree of marginal leakage was scored under stereomicroscope ($\times$20) and the data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The results were as follows : 1. In the gingival margins of all the group, microleakage of subgroup B was less than subgroup A. 2. In the group 1, 2, 4, there was significant differences between subgroup A and B (p<0.05), but in the group 3, there was not significant different between group 3-A (SureFil) and group 3-B (Dyract flow/SureFil) (p>0.05). 3. In the subgroup A and B, there was significant different between all group except group 4 of subgroup A. From the results above, it was suggested that the cavity lining of flowable resin and flowable compomer in condensable resin restoration decrease microleakage at gingival margin, and does improve their ability to seal the gingival margin of class II preparation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

Background & Objectives : The Speech Handicap Index (SHI) is used to assess speech problem of head and neck cancer patients. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the reliability and validity the Korean version SHI. Materials and Methods : Sixteen patients with oral cavity cancer and 26 normal control were participated in the study. Test-retest reliability of the Korean version of SHI was completed by 20 out of 42 subjects after 2weeks. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the Korean version of SHI scores between normal population and patients group. The relationship between the Korean version of SHI and diadochokinesis (DDK) was investigated using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results : The Korean version of SHI provided a high internal consistency (${\alpha}$=0.99) and test-retest reliability (Spearman rho 0.98). The mean SHI scores [total (T), speech (S), and psychosocial (P)] in normal population were 0.8 (T), 0.2 (S) and 0.4 (P), whereas those in patients group were 58.1 (T), 27.9 (S) and 27.0 (P) respectively. There were significant differences in total SHI score as well as in all of the sub-SHI scores between two groups. Moreover, significant correlation between the Korean version of SHI parameters (T, S, P) and sequential motion rate (SMR) were yielded in patients group. Conclusion : The Korean version of SHIwas reliable and valid. It can be useful as a supplementary clinical tool for diagnosing and measuring treatment efficacy of speech problems related to oral cavity cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 1999

Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion responds well to the anti-tuberculosis agents in general, so no further aggressive therapeutic managements to drain the tuberculous effusion is necessary except in case of diagnostic thoracentesis. But in clinical practice, we often see some patients who later decortication need due to dyspnea caused by pleural thickening despite the completion of anti-tuberculosis therapy in the patients with tuberculous effusion. Especially, the patients with loculated tuberculous effusion might have increased chance of pleural thickening after treatment. The purpose of this study was that intrapleural urokinase instillation could reduce the pleural thickening in the treatment of loculated tuberculous pleural effusion. Methods: Thirty-seven patients initially diagnosed as having loculated tuberculous pleural effusion were randomly assigned to receive either the combined treatment of urokinase instillation and anti-tuberculosis agents(UK group) and anti-tuberculosis agents(Non-UK group) alone. The 16 patients in UK group received a single radiographically guided pig-tail catheter ranging in size from 10 to 12 French. 100,000 units of urokinase was dissolved in 150 ml of normal saline and instilled into the pleural cavity via pig-tail catheter every day, also this group was treated with anti-tuberculosis agents. While the 21 patients in Non-UK group were treated with anti-tuberculosis agents only except diagnostic thoracentesis. Then we evaluated the residual pleural thickening after treatment for their loculated tuberculous pleural effusion between the two groups. Also the duration of symptoms and the pleural fluid biochemistry like WBC counts, pH, lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), glucose, proteins, and adenosine deaminase(ADA) were compared. Results: 1) The residual pleural thickening(RPT)($5.08{\pm}6.77$ mm) of UK group was significantly lower than that($20.3222{\pm}26.37$ mm) of Non-UK group(P<0.05). 2) The duration of symptoms before anti-tuberculosis drug therapy of patients with RPT$\geq$10 mm($5.23{\pm}3.89$ wks) was significantly longer than the patients with RPT<10 mm($2.63{\pm}1.99$ wks)(P<0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the pleural fluid findings like WBC count, glucose, LDH, proteins, pH, ADA between the patients with RPT$\geq$10 mm and the patients with RPT<10 mm. Conclusion : The treatment of loculated tuberculous pleural effusion with the urokinase instillation via percutaneous transthoraic catheter was effective to reduce the pleural thickening.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.433-437
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• 2017

Pentastomiasis, a zoonotic parasite infection, is typically found in the respiratory tract and viscera of the host, including humans. Here, we report for the first time an extremely rare case of intraosseous pentastomiasis in the human maxilla suffering from medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). A 55-year-old male had continuously visited the hospital for MRONJ which had primarily developed after bisphosphonate and anti-neoplastic administration for previous bone metastasis of medullary thyroid cancer. Pain, bone exposure, and pus discharge in the right mandible and left maxilla were seen. Osteolysis with maxillary cortical bone perforation at the left buccal vestibule, palate, nasal cavity, and maxillary sinus was observed by radiologic images. A biopsy was done at the left maxilla and through pathological evaluation, a parasite with features of pentastome was revealed within the necrotic bone tissue. Further history taking and laboratory evaluation was done. The parasite was suspected to be infected through maxillary open wounds caused by MRONJ. Awareness of intraosseous pentastomiasis should be emphasized not to be missed behind the MRONJ. Proper evaluation and interpretation for past medical history may lead to correct differential diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for parasite infections.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.365-380
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• 2006

All of the disease which was referred in ${\ulcorner}$Diagnosis and Treatment of the Woonded, Carbuncle, intestinal infection and acute eczema in Synopsis of Golden Chamber${\lrcorner}$ are belong to surgery. Woonded in this chapter, specially, come under in case occur by metal, and spoke that this thing is metal wounded(金瘡). I am considered by something to use Wangbulryuhaengsan(王不留行散) in wound that is not festered, Baenongtang(排膿湯) and Baenongsan(排膿散) in wound that is festered. Carbuncle is one of Venus festering nature file that happen in skin and muscle because blood does not circulate with flag and part's flare, calorification, pain, puffiness are characteristic. Carbuncle is agreed with concept of inflammation of modern medicine. When treat carbuncle, without using surgery medical treatment, used together internal medicine surgery medical treatment. Intestines carbuncle(腸癰) is come in inflammation in abdominal cavity as kind of inflammation, partiality peritoneum festering disease round present cecum as one of inside carbuncle. I think, when treat intestines carbuncle, in case cold and moisture become stasis and heat is less, Uiibujapaedoksan(薏苡附子敗毒散) can be used. Independently of festering, Daehwangmokdantang(大黃收丹湯) can be used in case heat and extravasated blood become stasis. Saliva ulcer on the vulva is comes in impetigo In Case of young child, and is come in Venus eczema in case is general. Prognosis of saliva ulcer on the vulva widespread thing can treat by arm, leg at Lips region, but it does not treat to grow at Lips region from limb, and treatment uses Hwangryunbun(黃連粉)

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome refers to a condition which presents as normal female secondary sex characteristics, normal external genitalia, congenital absence of the internal vagina, usually a rudimentary uterus in the form of bilateral noncanaliculated muscular buds, and normal tubes and ovaries with normal cytogenetic and endocrine evaluation, frequent association of renal, skeletal and other congenital anomalies. However, rarely, whole uterus or a segment of uterus may be present, but lacking a conduit to the introitus. If a partial endometial cavity is present in a segment of uterus, cyclic abdominal pain may be a complaint and furthermore endometiosis can be developed. Recently, we experienced a case of MRKH syndrome with the segments of uterus accompanying endometriosis in young woman. We present this case with a brief review of literatures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.731-736
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• 2011

A pneumatic driving solenoid valve operates pneumatic control devices by opening/closing operating flow passage when the command is given by control system for the liquid-propellant feeding system of space launch vehicle. The simulation model of pneumatic driving solenoid valve is designed with AMESim to verify the designs and evaluate the dynamic characteristics and pneumatic behaviors of valve. To validate a valve simulation model, the simulation results of their operating durations of valve by AMESim analysis are compared with the results of experiments. In addition, the results of internal flow simulation with FLUENT are utilized to improve the accuracy of valve-modeling. Using the model, we analyze performance of valve; opening/closing pressure, operating time on various design factors; shape of control valve seat, drainage seat, rate of sealing diameter, volume of control cavity. This study will serve as one of reference guides to enhance the developmental efficiency of ventilation-relief valves with the various operating conditions, which shall be used in Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

This experimental study was performed to investigate internal flow and unsteady flow characteristics using a model for actual shape of a plate heat exchanger and visualization of flow through the particle image velocimetry. Seven Reynolds numbers were selected by calculation with the height of grooved channel and sectional mean velocity of inlet flow in the experiment, and instantaneous velocity distributions and flow characteristics were experimently investigated. The triangular grooved channel had a compound flow consisting of the flow in lower channel and the groove flow receiving shear stress by the channel flow in the experiment. The sheared mixing layer, in the boundary between the triangular groove and the channel, affected main flow to raise turbulent in the channel.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.226-231
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• 2008

The heat transfer characteristics of a solar high-temperature receiver with heat pipes was investigated by numerical simulation. The concentration ratio of the solar receiver ranges 1000 and the concentrated heat is required to be transported to a certain distance for specific applications. This study deals with internal geometry variation of a solar receiver incorporating high-temperature heat pipe. The isothermal characteristics in the receiver section is of major concern. The diameter of the solar thermal receiver was 120 mm and the length was 400 mm. The angle of receiver end wall was varied between $0^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The wall thickness of the heat pipe channel was 4mm and 48 axial channels of the same dimensions were attached to the outer wall of the receiver with even spacing in the circumferential direction. The channels are changed to high-temperature sodium heat pipes. Commercial softwares were employed to deal with the radiative heat transfer inside the receiver cavity and the conduction heat transfer along the channels. The numerical results are compared and analyzed from the view Point of high-temperature solar receiver.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.516-520
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• 2012

In this paper, we have theoretically analyzed and designed a dielectric multi-layer sensor with a SPR (surface plasmon resonance) using analytical calculation and FDTD (finite difference time-domain) methods. The proposed structure is composed of periodic layer and thin metal film. It has many advantages. One of that is a high sensitivity of the SPR. Another is a high Q-factor of the characteristics in the PhC (photonic crystals) micro-cavity structure. The incident light has double resonance characteristics, because the filtered light by PhC structure, dielectric multi-layer, is met the thin metal film for SPR effect. We have also observed the change of resonance characteristics according to the variation of effective index on the metal film.