• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.1246-1254
• /
• 2004

Two separate trials were designed to determine effects of dietary level of whole flaxseed (WFS) on fatty acid composition of serum, and subcutaneous, perirenal, intermuscular, and intramuscular adipose tissues of Korean Hanwoo cattle. Twentyone bulls (trial 1) and 15 cows (trial 2) were assigned to diets containing 0, 10 or 15% WFS. Relative treatment effects were similar between bulls and cows. The proportion of C18:3 in serum and to a lesser extent in adipose tissues were increased by dietary inclusion of WFS, reflecting supplemented lipid composition of WFS that escaped ruminal biohydrogenation. Animals fed WFS had a lower proportion of saturated fatty acids in serum and adipose tissues than animals fed diets without WFS, while the opposite trend was observed in unsaturated fatty acids with little differences between two WFS groups. WFS-fed animals had higher proportions of C18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:3, and 22:3 and lower proportions of C12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 in intramuscular fat than animals fed diets without WFS. Furthermore, feeding WFS increased proportions of both $\omega$-3 and $\omega$-6 fatty acids but decreased the ratio of $\omega$-6/$\omega$-3 substantially. In conclusion, feeding WFS can be an effective method of increasing absorption of unsaturated fatty acids, and subsequent deposition in adipose tissues.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 1972

Experimental studies on the water content of muscles and the histological changes of muscles, digestive tract and kidney, influenced by forced oral administration of excessive tap water, were performed by using 10 Korean bulls. Experimental animals were divided into two groups, five heads for test group and five for control group. All of the bulls used in this experiment were weighing between 250 kg and 300 kg and 3 and 4 years of age. In each test animal, a total of 140 litters of tap water was passed in the forestomach by means of catheterization within 12 to 18 hours. And each of them was slaughtered immediately after the animals showing symptoms of respiratory distress. In control group, the animals were allowed to drink tap water normally. From test and control animals after slaughter, each 10 gm of M. biceps femoris, M. satorius, M. adductor, M. gluteous supercialis, M. iliocostalis lumborum, and M. transversus costarum were taken from definite parts in order to measure water content. In the histopathological studies tissues of rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, colon and kidney were taken as wall as the above mentioned muscles. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Increase of water content in the muscles of test group were 4.6% in M. satorius, 4.24% in M. transversus costarum, 4.14% in M. gluteous supercialis, 4.02% in M. adductor, 3.88% in M. biceps femoris, and 2.46% in M. iliocostalis lumborum respectively. The highest increase was found in M. satorius and the lowest in M. iliocostalis lumborum. 2. In test animal, average increasing value of water content in muscles was 3.9% and shown highly significant (p<0.01). 3. On the microscopical findings of carcass, marked watery edema was observed all of the subcutaneous tissues and intermuscular connective tissues. 4. Microscopically, the epimysium, perimysium and endomysium were widened, and the muscle fibers were lacerated. The cells of stratum lucidum in the epithelium of rumen and reticulum were shown marked vacuolization. In the kidney, dilatation of Bowman's spaces and proximal tubles was observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1998

Thirty two Omani sheep with eight animals each of; intact males (INT), males castrated with rubber rings immediately after birth (RR), males castrated with a burdizzo at 8 weeks of age (BC) and intact females (IF) were fed ad libitum a concentrate diet (CP 16%) plus chopped Rhodesgrass hay (8% CP) from weaning until slaughter at 28 kg. INT lambs grew faster from 9 to 20 weeks of age (p < 0.05) thus they were significantly heavier at 20 weeks of age than BC and IF, but not RR lambs. INT consumed more total feed than other sex groups over the period from 9 to 20 weeks of age. There were no significant differences between lambs of all experimental groups in feed per gain ratio. INT lambs had lower (p < 0.01) dressing percentage (DP) than RR, BC and IF. As a percentage in the empty body weight (EBW), INT had higher proportions of head, feet, empty gut (p < 0.001), liver (p < 0.05) and genitals (p < 0.05) but lower proportions of lungs and trachea (p < 0.05) than BC and IF lambs. INT males had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) proportion of bone than RR and IF lambs but lower (p < 0.05) proportion of fat than RR and IF. As a percentage in EBW, IF had the highest protortion (p < 0.001) of total body fat (TBF) followed by BC and RR whereas INT males had the lowest proportion. There was a general trend of IF having the highest proportion of individual and total non-carcass fat (TNCF) and total carcass fat (TCF) followed by BC and RR lambs whereas INT lambs had the lowest protortions of individual carcass and non-carcass fat depots. There were only few sex or castration effects on carcass tissue distribution. IF had higher proportions of intermuscular fat in the chuck, plate, leg and flank than INT and BC. The current study demonstrated that castration of intensively-raised male Omani native sheep especially at weaning using a burdizzo retarded growth rate and reduced carcass quality by increasing fat content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.223-230
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2011

혈관성 기형은 주로 무통성 종괴나 종창과 통증을 수반한 종괴의 형태로 나타난다. 드문 경우에서, 근육에 발생한 혈관성 기형은 침범한 근육의 위축을 유발하여 관절의 변형을 초래한다. 혈관성 기형이 하퇴부의 굴곡근에 발생한 경우 발목의 첨족 변형을 유발한다. 그러나, 발가락의 장족지 또는 장무지 굴곡근에 혈관성 기형이 발생하여 발가락의 굴곡 변형을 초래한 것에 대한 문헌 보고의 예는 없다. 이에 저자들은 40세 여자 환자에서 장무지 굴곡근에 발생한 혈관성 기형으로 인해 유발된 발가락의 굴곡 변형을 경험하고 수술적 절제술을 통해 치료하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2006

Using the Phred/Phrap/Polyphred/Consed pipeline established in the National Livestock Research Institute of Korea, we predicted candidate coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) from 7,600 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from three cDNA libraries (liver, M. longissimus dorsi, and intermuscular fat) of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) steers. From the 7,600 ESTs, 829 contigs comprising more than two EST reads were assembled using the Phrap assembler. Based on the contig analysis, 201 candidate cSNPs were identified in 129 contigs, in which transitions (69%) outnumbered transversions (31%). To verify whether the predicted cSNPs are real, 17 SNPs involved in lipid and energy metabolism were selected from the ESTs. Twelve of these were confirmed to be real while five were identified as artifacts, possibly due to expressed sequence tag sequence error. Further analysis of the 12 verified cSNPs was performed using the program BLASTX. Five were identified as nonsynonymous cSNPs, five were synonymous cSNPs, and two SNPs were located in 3'-UTRs. Our data indicated that a relatively high SNP prediction rate (71%) from a large EST database could produce abundant cSNPs rapidly, which can be used as valuable genetic markers in cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.555-561
• /
• 1994

This paper presents results from a study of the body composition and sensory characteristics of female weaner goat meat. A completely randomized $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial design was used. Factors were genotype (Thai native; TN, 75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian; AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN), feeding {grazing only, low (1.0% BW/d) and high (1.5% BW/d) concentrate supplementation and parasite control (undrenched and drenched)}. It was shown that there was no effect of genotype on body components and dressing percentage. However, TN and 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN kids had significantly (p<0.05) higher muscle to bone ratios (4.20% and 4.20%, respectively) compared with 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN kids (3.88%). Kids on grazing only had significantly (p<0.01) higher muscle percentage (64.12%) than did kids in low (61.30%) and high (60.62%) supplementary feeding program, but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between low and high supplementary feeding groups. Kids offered supplementary feeding had significantly (p<0.01) higher percentages of total fat, intermuscular fat, pelvic fat and kidney fat than those of grazing only. Kids offered supplementary feeding had significantly (p<0.05) higher muscle to bone ratios and significantly (p<0.01) higher muscle plus fat to bone ratios compared with those of grazing only. This may be due to significantly lower (p<0.01) bone contents (14.95, 14.17 and 16.8% for kids offered low and high supplementary feeding and grazing only, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensory characteristics of goat meat between genotypes or feeding groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.1108-1114
• /
• 2007

Twenty eight non-lactating and non-pregnant adult Serra da Estrela ewes, ranging in body condition score (BCS) from 1 to 4 were used to study the relationships between BCS, live weight (LW), body composition and fat partition. Ewes were slaughtered and their kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF), sternal fat (STF) and omental plus mesenteric fat (OMF) were separated and weighed. Left sides of carcasses as well as the respective lumbar joints were then dissected into muscle, bone and subcutaneous (SCF) and intermuscular fat (IMF). The relationship between LW and BCS was studied using data from 1,396 observations on 63 ewes from the same flock and it was found to be linear. Regression analysis was also used to describe the relationships among BCS and/or LW and weights (kg) and percentages in empty body weight (EBW) of dissected tissues. The prediction of weights and percentages in EBW of total fat (TF) and of all fat depots afforded by BCS was better than that provided by LW. Only the weight of muscle and the percentage of bone in the EBW were more efficiently predicted by LW than by BCS. IMF represented the largest fat depot with a BCS of 1 and 2, whereas SCF was the most important site of fat deposition with a BCS of 3 and 4. Allometric coefficients for each fat depot in TF suggest that the fat deposition order in ewes from this breed is: IMF, OMF, SCF and KKCF. Results demonstrate that BCS is a better predictor than LW of body reserves in this breed and that LJ is a suitable anatomical region to evaluate BCS.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 1984

The authors administered KCN, NaF,AS2O3 orally to rabbits and caused acute and chronic poisoning, then studied the teeth, jaw bones, and other oral tissues histopathologically. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference between acute poisoned group by NaF and control group. But, vasodilatation in the connective tissues, esepcially marginal area of jaw bone, atrophy and destrution of glandualr cells was observed. 2. Chronic poisoned group by NaF showed degeneration and thicking of subcutanece fibrosis ective tissues, atrophy and degeneration of subcutaneous connective tissues, atrophy and degeneration of muscle fibers, vasodilation of subcutaneous in bone cavities(lacunae), and degeneration of odotlblasts in pulp tissue. 3. Acute poisoned group by KCN showed almost similar appearances as control group, and chronic poisoned group showed hyperplasia of baal layer in epitheilium, degeneration of subcutaneous connective tissues, vasodilation and huperemia, severe hemorrhage of marginal area of jaw bone. hyperplasia of salivary gland ducts, but normal arrangement of muscle fibers and narrow bone carity(lacunae) due to active osteoblastic action, osteodentin were observed. 4. Acute poisoned group by AS2O3 showed degeneration of basal cell, atrophy of blood vessels in palatal muscosa. Chronic poisoned group showed irregular cell arrangement and degeneration, reduction of capillaries in palatal mucosa. Osteoclasts in jaw bone were observed. 5. In Masson's Trichrome and Van Gieson Staining, chronic poisoned group by NaF showed thicking and loosening of subcutaneous connective tissues. Hyperplasia of intermuscular connective tissue was observed in chronic poisoning by KCN and NaF. In PAS staining, negative reation in outer layer of palatalmucosa, positive reaction in keratin layer and mild reaction of basal layer in palate and tongue mucosa was observed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The anterolateral thigh flap has many advantages over other conventional free flaps. But the anterolateral thigh flap has yet to enter widespread use because perforating arteries exhibit a wide range of anatomic variations and are difficult to dissect when small. The aim of this study is to identify the vascular variability of perforating arteries and pedicle in the anterolateral thigh free flap. Methods: We studied 12 cadavers and dissected 23 thighs. An anterolateral thigh flap ($12{\times}12cm$) was designed and centered at the midpoint of the line drawn from anterior superior iliac spine to the superolateral border of the patella. After we identifed the perforating arteries we dissected up to their origin from lateral circumflex femoral artery along descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery. We then investigated the number and the position of perforating arteries, length and diameter of vascular pedicle and pattern of lateral circumflex femoral arterial system. Results: On average $2.3{\pm}1.1$ perforating arteries per thigh were identified. The musculocutaneous perforators were 63.1%. In those perforators five perforators were arose from transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and two were arose from rectus femoral artery. Most of the perforators were near the intermuscular septum between rectus femoris muscle and vastus lateralis muscle. The length and diameter of pedicle were $11.9{\pm}3.5cm$ and $3.1{\pm}0.8mm$ on average. Conclusion: This study will be helpful for the success in anterolateral thigh free flap.