• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2018

Purpose: Podocytes are important architectures that maintain the crucial roles of glomerular filtration barrier functions. Despite this structural importance, however, the mechanisms of the changes in podocytes that can be an important pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) are not clear yet. The aim of this study was to investigate whether apoptosis is induced by interleukin (IL)-13 in cultured human podocytes. Methods: Human podocytes were treated with different IL-13 doses and apoptotic cells were analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL assay) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Results: The IL-13 increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner at 6 and 18 hours (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). The apoptosis rate was appeared to be increased slightly in the IL-13-stimulated podocytes (8.63%, 13.02%, and 14.46%; 3, 10 and 30 ng/mL, respectively) than in the control cells (7.66%) at 12 hours by FACS assay. Conclusion: Our study revealed that IL-13 expression may increase podocyte apoptosis. Blocking the IL-13 signal pathway can potentially play an important role in regulating the apoptosis of podocytes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1992

The partitioning of recombinant human interleukin-2(rhII-2) in PEG 8000-dextran 38800 aqueous two-phase system has been investigated using three different sources of rhIL-2. In the case of pure rhIL-2, the solubility in a PEG-dextran two-phase system was low and most of rhIL-2 was partitioned into the bottom phase. For the recovery of rhIL-2 from insoluble protein aggregates, the inclusion bodies of recombinant E. coli were solubilized by the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The addition of SDS significantly enhanced not only the solubility of rhIL-2 but also the partitioning of rhIL-2 to the top phase. When the ratio of SDS to rhIL-2 was 2.0, the partition coefficient(K) and the recovery yield(Y) at the top phase were 4.5 and 88%, respectively, at pH 6.8. In order to reduce the recovery steps further, SDS was directly added to the intact recombinant E. coli cells and then partitioned into the PEG/dextran aqueous two-phase system. The observed partition coefficient ($K{\cong{3.0$) and recovery yield ($Y{\geq}80%$ )of this method were comparable to the rhIL-2 recovery from insoluble protein aggregates. The results obtained in this work indicate that PEG-dextran two-phase partitioning might provide a simple way for the recovery and partial purification of recombinant proteins which are produced as inclusion bodies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1078-1083
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• 2006

Capsaicin is the active ingredient in chili pepper and has an inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori growth and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. The present study examined the effect of capsaicin on interleukin (IL)-8 production by H. pylori ATCC 43504-infected MKN-45 cells, a gastric epithelial cell line. The viability of the MKN-45 cells treated with capsaicin at 0, 50, 100, 250, and $500\;{\mu}M$ was 99, 98, 99, 99, and 85%, respectively. A capsaicin concentration as low as $50\;{\mu}M$ significantly inhibited the IL-8 production induced by H. pylori ATCC 43504 infection (43.2% of control) during 24 h of incubation. However, low concentrations of capsaicin $(50\;and\;100{\mu}M)$ did not significantly inhibit the IL-8 production by $TNF-{\alpha}-$ or PMA-treated MKN-45 cells. Therefore, the overall inhibitory effect of capsaicin on H. pylori ATCC 43504 was the sum of H. pylori ATCC 43504 growth inhibition, host cell survival, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signal cascade inhibition.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 마황 70% 에탄올 추출물을 HepG2 세포에 $0.001-100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리하여 세포사멸, 사이토카인 분비, 세포 내 지방 축적 정도를 측정함으로써 마황의 간독성 기전을 in vitro 실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 마황 추출물 처리에 의해 $5-100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 세포 사멸이 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 마황 추출물 처리에 의해 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-8과 M-CSF의 분비가 각각 0.05-100, $0.5-100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 유의적으로 촉진되었으며, 세포 내 지방 축적은 $0.01-100{\mu}g/mL$의 처리 농도에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 본 실험에서 마황 추출물은 IL-8 및 M-CSF와 같은 염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 촉진시키고, 간세포에 지방을 축적시킴으로써 간세포에 염증을 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 형태의 간독성은 세포 사멸과 같은 심각한 독성을 유발하는 농도보다 10-500배 낮은 농도에서 관찰되어 저농도의 마황섭취에 의해 간염과 같은 간독성이 유발될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

A recent study reported that Pleurotus ostreatus has the potential to be used as a ${\beta}-glucan-based$ cream for supportive complementary therapy of atopic dermatitis. KH054 is a new herbal prescription consisting of P. ostreatus and Panax ginseng. The effects of atopic dermatitis-induced materials on the expression of cytokine genes in human monocytes (THP-1, EoL- 1) have been examined. Some reports demonstrated that P. ginseng augments the activity of natural killer cells, which plays an important role in innate immunity against infection and tumor development. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 have important roles in mediating the infiltration of various cells into the skin of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The present study investigated whether KH054 on induced IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion by house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus) in THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia) and EoL-1(Human eosinophilic leukemia) cell. D. pteronissinus functions in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. The inhibitory effect of KH054 on the induction of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion by D. pteronissinus extract in THP-1 and EoL-1 cells was examined. KH054 potently suppressed the elevated production of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by D. pteronissinus treatment in THP-1 and EoL-1 cells. Based on the present results, KH054 may be useful for developing functional foods to treat atopic dermatitis.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2012

보통 지루성 피부염은 과다 생성된 피지와 함께 피지를 영양분으로 상재하는 M. globosa 이스트에 의해서 얼굴, 몸 및 두피에 자주 발생하는 피부질환이다. 본 연구는 천연정유성분(Natural essential oils)으로부터 지루성 피부염과 관련된 항염증 활성과 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 억제 활성을 평가하고자 하였다. 지루성 피부염 진정 효능을 평가하기 위해서 지루성 피부염 환경을 모사한 공배양 세포 평가 모델을 구축하였다. 본 평가모델을 통해서 육계(Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamon bark)의 껍질 및 박하(Mentha arvensis, Cornmint)의 잎에서 추출한 천연정유 성분이 다양한 지루성 피부염 자극원에 따른 Interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ (IL-$1{\alpha}$), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) 사이토카인의 발현량 증가와 피지생성 증가를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, 지루성 피부염 유발균으로 알려진 M. globosa 이스트에 대한 증식 저해 평가를 통해 두 정유성분에서 유의한 M. globosa 증식 억제 능(MIC ${\leq}0.0625%$)을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 육계껍질 및 박하 잎 정유성분이 지루성 피부염에 따른 염증성 사이토카인의 발현량을 감소시켰다. 특히 육계 껍질 오일은 지루성 피부염 주요 원인인 Malassezia furfur 및 M. globosa 증식을 억제함으로써, 지루성 두피 염증의 예방과 효과적인 관리 제품의 소재로서 활용가치가 높음을 알 수 있다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2013

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is a human gut commensal bacteria that causes inflammatory diarrhea and colitis. ETBF also promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in the Min mouse model. The key virulence factor is a secreted metalloprotease called B. fragilis toxin (BFT). BFT induces E-cadherin cleavage, cell rounding, activation of the ${\beta}$-catenin pathway and secretion of IL-8 in colonic epithelial cells. However, the precise mechanism by which these processes occur and how these processes are interrelated is still unclear. E-cadherin form homophilic interactions which tethers adjacent cells. Loss of E-cadherin results in detachment of adjacent cells. Prior studies have suggested that BFT induces IL-8 expression by inducing E-cadherin cleavage; cells that do not express E-cadherin do not secrete IL-8 in response to BFT. In the current study, we found that HT29/C1cells treated with dilute trypsin solution induced E-cadherin degradation and IL-8 secretion, consistent with the hypothesis that E-cadherin cleavage causes IL-8 secretion. However, physical damage to the cell monolayer did not induce IL-8 secretion. We also show that EDTA-mediated disruption of E-cadherin interactions without E-cadherin degradation was sufficient to induce IL-8 secretion. Finally, we determined that HT29/C1 cells treated with LiCl (${\beta}$-catenin activator) induced IL-8 secretion in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that BFT induced IL-8 secretion may occur by the following process: E-cadherin cleavage, disruption of cellular interactions, activation of the ${\beta}$-catenin pathway and IL-8 expression. However, we further propose that E-cadherin cleavage per se may not be required for BFT induced IL-8 secretion.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2014

2009년 9월부터 2010년 2월까지 대전 서구보건소, 서구 관저보건지소, 건양대학교 금연클리닉에 자발적으로 참여하고 연구에 동의한 금연대상자들을 기초시점, 2주차, 2개월, 4개월, 6개월, 12개월 시점에 추구조사하고, MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-$1{\beta}$의 농도를 ELISA법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 그 중 1년간 금연에 성공한 11명의 치은열구액내 변화사례를 관찰한 결과, 1. 각 대상자의 치은열구액내 MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-$1{\beta}$ 변화는 대상자에 따라 각기 다른 파동성을 보였다. 2. 금연기간 동안 치은열구액 내 MMP-8의 변화 경향은 5명의 대상자가 감소하였고 2명의 대상자가 증가하였으며, 4명의 대상자가 유지되었다. MMP-9의 변화 경향은 6명의 대상자가 감소, 2명의 대상자가 증가, 3명의 대상자가 유지되었다. IL-$1{\beta}$의 변화 경향은 5명의 대상자가 감소하였고 3명의 대상자가 증가하였고, 3명의 대상자가 유지되었다. MMP-8과 9이 증가되는 경향을 보이는 2명의 대상자는 다른 대상자에 비해 기초시점부터 각 바이오마커의 농도가 상당히 낮은 대상자였으며 증가폭은 다른 대상자에 비해 그 양이 적었다. 본 사례연구를 통해 금연은 치주에 관한 다른 처치 없이도 치은열구액 내 MMP-8, MMP-9, IL-$1{\beta}$ 농도를 감소시키거나 유지시킬 수 있는 가능성이 있다고 판단되었으나, 연구대상자수의 충분한 확보와 금연 성공률의 향상을 통해 통계분석이 가능한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.849-854
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 참당귀(Angelica gigas Nakai)의 핵심 유효 성분인 decursin과 decursinol angelate를 높은 수율로 추출한 초임계 이산화탄소 선택 추출물의 항염증 효능을 에탄올 추출물과 비교하여 측정하였다. 항염증 효능을 측정하기 위해 염증 매개 인자인 nitric oxide(NO), 염증성 사이토카인인 interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8 생성량을 측정하였다. NO 생성량은 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)로 염증 반응을 유도한 Raw 264.7 세포를 대상으로 Griess assay를 통해 측정하였고, IL-6 및 IL-8 생성량은 tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α로 염증 반응을 유도한 human keratinocyte cell line(HaCaT) 세포를 대상으로 enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA)를 통해 측정하였다. NO 생성량은 초임계 이산화탄소 추출물이 에탄올 추출물에 비해 뛰어나게 억제하였다. IL-6 및 IL-8 생성량 또한 에탄올 추출물은 오히려 증가시키는 반면, 초임계 이산화탄소 추출물은 6.25 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 통계적으로 유의하게 억제하였다(P<0.01). 우리는 이러한 결과를 통해 참당귀 초임계 이산화탄소 선택 추출물이 아토피 피부염을 완화시키는 항염증 코스메슈티컬 소재로써 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2009

1. Objectives The roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton (SFA) are widely used as a herbal remedy for allergic inflammation. In this study, we invested the effect of SFA on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and histamin releas and we demonstrated that SFA suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and interleukin -8 (IL-8), through inhibition of the $NF{\kappa}B$, JNK and p38 pathway in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. 2. Methods To accomplish this, we invested passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and histamin release at an animal experiment. In addition, we investigated the effect of SFA on the production of inflammation-related cytokines in HMC-1 cells that were co-treated with PMA and A23187, which can induce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 3. Results and Conclusions SFA induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and histamin releas and supressed the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-8. In addition, the protein levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ were also decreased by SFA treatment. Furthermore, SFA inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor $NF{\kappa}B$ through inhibition of the phosphorylation and degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, which is an inhibitor of $NF{\kappa}B$. Moreover, SFA also inhibited induction of MAPKs (JNK, p38) and $NF{\kappa}B$ promoter-mediated luciferase activity. Taken together, these results suggest that SFA could be used as a treatment for mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory diseases.