• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.729-733
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Insamyangyoung-tang water extract (IYT) on the specific immune response in BALB/c mice. When IYT (500mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days to BALB/c mice, the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes was increased. Also, IYT increased the population of CD4/sup +/ cells in thymocytes and the population of Thy1/sup +/ cells and CD4/sup +/ cells in splenocytes. In addition, IYT increased the production of γ -interferon and interleukin-2 from thymocytes and the production of γ -interferon from splenocytes. These results suggest that IYT enhances the specific immune response via activation of Th1 cells in thymocytes and splenocytes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.218-226
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• 2015

The present study investigated the mechanisms of licochalcone B (LicB)-mediated inhibition of the inflammatory response in murine macrophages. RAW264.7 murine macrophages were cultured in the absence or presence of lipopolysacharide (LPS) with LicB. LicB suppressed the generation of nitric oxide and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. LicB also inhibited the expression of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Moreover, LicB inhibited nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and activator protein-1 translocation into the nucleus in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, LicB mainly exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ and activator protein-1 signaling pathways in macrophages, which subsequently diminishes the expression and release of various inflammatory mediators. LicB shows promise as a therapeutic agent in inflammatory diseases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

To elucidate new biological ingredients in cold-brew coffee extracted with cold water, crude polysaccharide (CCP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immune-stimulating activities were assayed. CCP-0 mainly comprised galactose (53.6%), mannose (15.7%), arabinose (11.9%), and uronic acid (12.4%), suggesting that it might exist as a mixture of galactomannan and arabinogalactan. CCP-0 significantly increased cell proliferation on both murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes in a dose dependent manner. CCP-0 also significantly augmented nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production by murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated by CCP-0 enhanced production of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. In an in vitro assay for intestinal immune-modulating activity, CCP-0 showed higher bone-marrow cell-proliferation activity through Peyer's patch cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$ than the negative control. These results suggest that CCP-0 may potentially enhance macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.106-110
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• 1998

We have employed a DNA-native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DNA-native-PAGE) assay system to characterize the enzyme activity of the endonuclease secreted by human B lymphoblastic IM9 cells. Experimental results clearly demonstrated that the endonuclease activity of IM9 cell culture medium is distinct from that of DNase I in the DNA-native-PAGE assay system. Immunoprecipitation analysis using anti-DNase I antibody showed that the secreted endonuclease is not recognized by the antibody. The secreted endonuclease was estimated using supercoiled plasmid DNA as a substrate. The pH optimum required for the catalytic activity was determined to be in the range of pH 6.6-7.4. No significant difference in the endonuclease secretion was observed by stimulation of the IM9 cells with interferon-${\gamma}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.610-617
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• 2012

Trifoliate orange components consist of several kinds, such as monoterpenes, limonoids, flavonoids, and coumarins. Coumarin derivatives were shown to possess valuable pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and dietary effect. Among them, 7-geranyloxycoumarin 6 is a promising chemopreventive agent againist skin, tongue, oesophaqus and colon carcinogenesis in rodents. Seven new coumarin derivatives structurally related to 7-geranyloxycoumarin were synthesised in good yields by $Cs_2CO_3$/acetonitrile condition. We investigated the effect of anti-inflammatory activity on interleukin-6 for synthesised geranyloxycoumarin derivatives. 6-Geranyoxycoumarin 9 (68.9% / $1{\mu}M$ ; 72.6% / $10{\mu}M$) of the anti-inflammatory activity is far higher than 7-Geranyloxycoumarin 5 (40.1% / $1{\mu}M$ ; 61.1% / $10{\mu}M$) and their other derivatives.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.15.1-15.9
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• 2018

Background: Inflammation has been known to associate with many human diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate an anti-inflammatory effect of ozonated krill (Euphausia superba) oil, which was prepared by the treatment of krill oil using ozone gas. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: Ozonated krill oil significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Ozonated krill oil also reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of ozonated krill oil, we evaluated the effects of ozonated krill oil on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. Ozonated krill oil suppressed the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Conclusion: This study revealed that the ozonated krill oil exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that ozonated krill oil suppressed pro-inflammatory mediator and cytokine expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Prunellae Spica Water Extract(PSE) on immune response in macrophage cells. Methods: We had devided two group the one is normal group; not treated with PSE, and the other is experimental group; treated with PSE. We measured the cell viability of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells and investigated production of nitric oxide(NO) and cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ with sample PSE. Results: 1. Cell viability of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly decreased in both 24 hr and 48 hr incubation. 2. NO production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased in both 24 hr and 48 hr incubation. 3. IL-$1{\beta}$ production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased under concentration over $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 24 hr incubation. 4. IL-6 production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased under concentration over $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 24 hr incubation. 5. TNF-$\alpha$ production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased under concentration over $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in 24 hr incubation. Conclusion: NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ production of PSE on RAW 264.7 cells was significantly increased. This study suggest that PSE stimulates the macrophage and enhances the immune response.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2019

The role of tumor-proximal factors in tumor plasticity during chemoresistance and metastasis following chemotherapy is well studied. However, the role of endothelial cell (EC) derived paracrine factors in tumor plasticity, their effect on chemotherapeutic outcome, and the mechanism by which these paracrine factors modulate the tumor microenvironment are not well understood. In this study, we report a novel mechanism by which endothelial miR-125a and let-7e-mediated regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling can manipulate vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We found that endothelial IL-6 levels were significantly higher in response to cisplatin treatment, whereas levels of IL-6 upon cisplatin exposure remained unchanged in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We additionally found an inverse correlation between IL-6 and miR-125a/let-7e expression levels in cisplatin treated ECs. Interestingly, IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) genes in the IL-6 pathway are closely regulated by miR-125a and let-7e, which directly target its 3' untranslated region. Functional analyses revealed that endothelial miR-125a and let-7e inhibit IL-6-induced adhesion of monocytes to ECs. Furthermore, conditioned medium from cisplatin treated ECs induced a significantly higher formation of VM in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells as compared to that from intact ECs; this effect of cisplatin treatment was abrogated by concurrent overexpression of miR-125a and let-7e. Overall, this study reveals a novel EC-tumor cell crosstalk mediated by the endothelial miR-125a/let-7e-IL-6 signaling axis, which might improve chemosensitivity and provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.309-317
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• 2021

This study was designed to examine the cell cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity for raw material of Beta vulagaris tea. Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay using RAW 264.7 cells, and investigated production levels of reactive oxide speies, and inflammatory meditors(i.e., nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a results, DPPH and ABTS raidcal scavenging activity were increased in a dose-dependent manner, and confirmed no cytotoxicity in all concentration. Also, it was significantly decreased level of ROS, NO, IL-6, and TNF-a in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore these results suggest Beta vulagaris has considerable potential as a raw material of leached tea with safe anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.111-117
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• 2013

Objectives : This research aimed at studying the immuno modulating activity of Fermented Epimedii Herba (EHS). Method : The impacts on the cell viability, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) generation in cells, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level have been measured by using Raw 264.7 cells with the specimen EHS as the fermented extract of Epimedii Herba with Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV89. Result : As a result of MTT assay to confirm the cytotoxicity of extracts from fermented Epimedii Herba, the toxicity was not excessively induced in Raw 264.7 cells when EHS were processed by concentration. EHS increased hydrogen peroxide generation in Raw 264.7 cells. EHS suppressed NO generation in Raw 264.7 cells while they significantly suppressed the increase of NO generation induced by LPS in macrophage. EHS significantly decreased the generation amount of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 induced by LPS in Raw 264.7 cells at $25{\mu}g/mL$ or more. Conclusion : It appeared that the fermented extract of Epimedii Herba manufactured from Epimedii Herba significantly has the immuno modulating acitivity as it did not excessively trigger cytotoxicity to Raw 264.7 cells, increased hydrogen peroxide generation in Raw 264.7 cells, decreased NO generation in macrophage, and especially, suppressed both TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 generation in macrophage induced by LPS.