• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2013

Objective: To determine the interleukin (IL)-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with severe root resorption after orthodontic treatment and investigate the effects of different static compressive forces (CFs) on IL-6 production by human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells and the influence of IL-6 on osteoclastic activation from human osteoclastic precursor (hOCP) cells in vitro. Methods: IL-6 levels in GCF samples collected from 20 patients (15 and 5 subjects without and with radiographic evidence of severe root resorption, respectively) who had undergone orthodontic treatment were measured by ELISA. The levels of IL-6 mRNA in hPDL cells and IL-6 protein in conditioned medium after the application of different uniform CFs (0, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 $g/cm^2$ for up to 72 h) were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Finally, the influence of IL-6 on mature osteoclasts was investigated by using hOCP cells on dentin slices in a pit-formation assay. Results: Clinically, the IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the resorption group than in the control group. In vitro, IL-6 mRNA expression significantly increased with increasing CF. IL-6 protein secretion also increased in a time- and magnitude-dependent manner. Resorbed areas on dentin slices were significantly greater in the recombinant human IL-6-treated group and group cultured in hPDL cell-conditioned medium with CF application (4.0 $g/cm^2$) than in the group cultured in hPDL cell-conditioned medium without CF application. Conclusions: IL-6 may play an important role in inducing or facilitating orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisia Capilaris Thunberg in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats. Methods : We divided lipopolysaccharide-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups. They were normal group, feed with 100 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group, feed with 200 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group and feed with 300 mg/kg Artemisia capilaris Thunberg group. They were administered for 6 weeks. We measured counts of red blood cell(RBC), the values of hemoglobin(Hb) and packed cell volume(PCV), plasma total protein concentration, albumin concentration, the ratio of albumin/globulin, the activities of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), the counts of white blood cell(WBC), the ratio of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, the concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma interleukin-6(IL-6), plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$), plasma interleukin-10(IL-10), the concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10. Results : Counts of RBC and the values of Hb and PCV, plasma total protein concentration and albumin concentration, the activities of plasma GOT, GPT and LDH showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. and the ratio of albumin/globulin was increased in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups. The counts of WBC showed lower values in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, In the ratio of neutrophils Thunberg groups. The ration of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils were below 5%, and showed no characteristic trend. The concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma inerleukin-6(IL-6) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, and the concentration of plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. The concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, however the concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. Conclusions : The Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups gives positive results of anti-inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) derivation.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2007

Chronic inflammation has been known to have a close relationship with several diseases including periodontitis, colitis, hepatitis and arthritis. Recently anti-inflammatory agents have been developed from marine natural resources. In this study, Ecklonia cava (EC) was found to have anti-inflammatory effect. Ethanolic extract of EC belonging to brown algae exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin $E_2$ by RA W264.7 cells. Furthermore, in reporter gene assay and western blot analysis, EC extract exerted anti-inflammatory effect via inactivation of NF-${\kappa}B$ transcription factor that regulates the expression of these inflammatory mediators in macrophages. In addition, EC extract inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase that play an important role in chronic inflammation. These results suggest that EC extract may provide a pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting chronic inflammation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogens and anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium. Eriobotryae folium are constituent herbs of Gagamgamroum, which has been used for a long time in oriental medicine as a herbal medicine for treating halitosis and toothache. Method: Eriobotryae folium was prepared by extracting medicinal herb with water. We investigated antimicrobial activity by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. We also investigated inhibition of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ collagenase (mmp-1), stromelysin-1 (mmp-3), interleukin-6 gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts using RTPCR analysis. Result: The antimicrobial effects of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with MIC against periodontopathogens; Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561, W50, A7A1-28, 9-14K-1, Prevotella intermedia 28, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. MICs of Eriobotryae folium were 1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 0.625 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with influence of herbs on the $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ expression of mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6. $IL-1{\beta}$ increased mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Eriobotryae folium significantly inhibited $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 gene expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggested that Eriobotryae folium might reduce the excessive proteolytic capacity of the gingival fibroblast during inflammation and could be developed as a new drug for periodontitis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases and is more common in older and obese individuals. Silkworm male pupae exerts tonic effects by increasing testosterone secretion and the forced swimming time and muscle ratio increased in mice consuming silkworm pupae, which may be beneficial to the older population. Therefore, it will be beneficial to investigate the effects of silkworm pupal extracts (SPE) on OA. To confirm this effect, we prepared SPE in different solvents, and their ability to attenuate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-8 [IL-8] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were evaluated in an interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cell line. 70% ethanolic SPE outperformed the other solvents, reducing MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression by up to 53% and 13%, respectively. Further experiments were performed using 70% ethanolic SPE from three distinct pupation stages in males and females. SPE treatment alleviated MMP-1 expression (43.9-47.4%) regardless of pupation stage and sex. Among the inflammatory mediators, 70% ethanolic SPE alleviated IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and the concentrations thereof were lowest in the early-stage male SPE-treated group (43.15% and 56.74%, respectively). In conclusion, 70% ethanolic SPE may prevent IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis by inhibiting MMPs and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, SPE is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-81
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• 2008

The effects of decursinol on various models of sepsis were investigated. Intra-peritoneal pretreatment of mice with various doses of decursinol ($1{\sim}100$ mg/kg) effectively suppressed lethality induced in three mouse models of experimental sepsis, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (GalN), high-dose LPS (20 mg/kg), and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Intra-peritoneal pretreatment of mice with decursinol (50 mg/kg) markedly enhanced the LPS/GalN -induced increase of plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, without affecting plasma TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 levels. These results suggest that decursinol could be effective for prevention or treatment of sepsis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2003

Tooth movement is the result of bone metabolism in the periodontium, where various cytokines take important roles. Interleukin-6(II-6) and nitrous oxide (NO) were reported to be secreted from osteoblasts in the process of bone resorption. The mechanism of the process has not been clearly understood, but the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was known to be an important process in the release of the inflammatory cytotines in macrophages. In this regard, to prove the role of MAPK in the release of IL-6 and NO in MC3T3E-1 osteoblasts, Northern blot analysis, Western blot analysis and immune complex kinase assay were used. As a result, the treatment of MC3T3E-1 osteoblast cultures with combined $interferon-\gamma(IFN-\gamma)$, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha(TNF-\alpha)$ induces expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-6, resulting in sustained releases of large amounts of NO and IL-6. However, $IFN-\gamma,\;LPS,\;and\;TNF-\alpha$ individually induce a non-detectable or small amount of NO and IL-6 in MC3T3E-1 osteoblasts. The role of MAPK activation in the early intracellular signal transduction involved in iNOS and IL-6 transcription in the combined agents-stimulated osteoblasts has been investigated. The p38 MAPK pathway is specifically involved in the combined agents-induced NO and IL-6 release, since NO and IL-6 release in the presence of a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-metylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-metylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole) (SB203580), were significantly diminished. In contrast, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1, had no effect on NO and IL-6 release. Northern blot analysis showed that the p3a MAPK pathway controlled the iNOS and IL-6 transcription level. These data suggest that p38 MAPK play an important role in the secretion of NO and IL-6 in $LPS/IFN{\gamma}-or\;TNF-\gamma-treated\;MC3T3E-1$ osteoblasts.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Foeniculum Vulgare(FV) extract on the anti-inflammatory of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) exposed rats. Methods : We divided LPS exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups. They were control group, feed with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg FV groups. They were administered for 6 weeks. We measured the concentration of plasma interleukin-1${\beta}$(IL-1${\beta}$), plasma interleukin-6(IL-6), plasma tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), plasma interleukin-10(IL-10), the concentration of liver IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-10. Results : 1. Plasma IL-1${\beta}$, plasma IL-6 and plasma TNF-${\alpha}$ concentration increased rapidly at 2hours after LPS injection and maintained high levels at 5hours after LPS injection. The concentration of these cytokines in the FV extract groups showed lower values than control group(P<0.05). 2. The concentration of Plasma IL-10 in FV extract groups showed higher values than control group at all times(P<0.05). 3. The concentration of liver IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 in FV extract groups showed lower values than control group(P<0.05). The concentration of liver TNF-${\alpha}$ in FV extract groups showed a tendency to decrease and that of liver IL-10 in FV extract groups showed a tendency to increase; however, these values showed no significantly different. Conclusions : In inflammatory response by LPS derivation, the FV gives positive effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1423-1426
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• 2008

Nuruk, which is a natural inoculator and source of amylolytic enzymes, is used in Korean traditional rice wine. A methanol extract of nuruk (NE) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite and interleukin (IL)-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Both the n-hexane and water fractions from NE (MEH and MW, respectively) inhibited the production of nitrite and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. MEH and MW also inhibited the LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Further, and MEH protected against the LPS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Together, these results indicate that nuruk may contribute to the anti-inflammatory and cancer-preventive effects of Korean traditional rice wine.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2002

Objective: This study was eanied out to investigate the effects of Raphani Semen on immuno-response in the mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods: In this study, BALB/C mice were divided into 6 groups: Normal (Non-treated group), Control (Group with not treated after allergic sensitization and induction by ovalbumin), Treat I (Group with the oral administration of saline after allergic sensitization and induction by ovalbumin), Treat n (Allergic asthma group treated with acupuncture (BL 13)), Treat III (Allergic asthma group treated with the oral administration of Raphani Semen) and Treat lV (Allergic asthma group treated with the herbal-acupuncture of Raphani Semen (BL 13)). The effect on cytokine was assessed by measuring cytokine (lL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-r) in bronchoalveoar lavage fluid(ELISA). ResuJts : The results obtained as follows: 1. The production of Interleukin-2 was decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat n group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 2. The production of Interleukin-4 was decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat II group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. Among them. the production of Interleukin-4 was decreased remarkably in Treat IV group as compared with other groups. 3. The production of Interleukin-5 was decreased significantly in Treat I group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 4. The production of Interleukin-10 was decreased significantly in Treat I group and Treat III group as compared with Control group. 5. The production of Interleukin-12 was all decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat n group, Treat m group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 6. The production of Intelferon- showed no significant changes in Treat I group, Treat n group. Treat m group and Treat Ⅳ group as compared with Control group. Conclusion: These results show that the production of Interleukin-4, 5 was decreased significantly in aJlergic asthma group treated with the herbal-acupuncture of Raph Semen (BL 13), It is known that inactivity of Th2 cell constrained the revelation and controlled hypersenstive action. As to this mechanism, it is suggested that the herbal-acupuncture of Raphani Semen(BL 13) constrained the revelation of allergic asthma.