• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 1998

연구배경: 외인성 천식은 TH2세포에 의한 매개체의 주요 원인중 하나임이 밝혀지고 있다. 연구자 등은 증상 악화로 내원한 기관지천식 환자와 만성기관지염 환자 사이에 T 림프구 아형의 변화와 싸어토카인 (cytokine)들의 변화에 차이가 있는지 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법: 기관지 천식으로 치료중인 환자 중에서 천식 악화로 내원한 외인성 천식 15예와 만성기관지염 환자 12예, 그리고 정상인 5예를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 병력과 임상소견, 피부반응검사, 그리고 특이 IgE 측정을 시행하고 단일항체인 CD62L를 이용하여 flow cytometer로 림프구아형을 분석하고 ELISA kit(Quantikine IL-4, IFN-$\gamma$)를 이용하여 IL-4, IFN-$\gamma$을 측정하였다. 결 과: CD4+ T 림프구는 기관지천식환자에서 $40{\pm}7.2%$ 만성기관지염 환자 $43{\pm}19.8%$, 정상인에서 $41{\pm}14%$로 기관지 천식환자와 다른 군간에 의미있는 차이는 없었다(p=0.49, p=0.75). CD62L(L-selectin) 양성 T 림프구의 세포 백분율은 기관지천식환자(n=7) 에서 $24.8{\pm}23.6%$였고, 만성기관지염환자(n=5) $17.0{\pm}16.9%$, 정상인(n=5) $16.7{\pm}16.4%$으로 기관지천식환자와 다른 군간에 의미있는 차이는 없었다(p=0.32, p=0.22). 혈청 IL-4 의 활성도는 기관지천식환자에서 $3.6{\pm}0.9pg/ml$ 만성기관지염 환자 $2.0{\pm}1.2pg/ml$, 정상인에서 $0.7{\pm}1.1pg/ml$로 기관지 천식환자에서 만성기관지염 환자군에 비하여 증가되어 있었으며 (p=0.02) 정상인보다 증가되어 있었다(p=0.006)(Fig. 4). 혈청 INF-$\gamma$의 활성도는 증가되지 않았다. 결 론: 결론적으로 CD62L 양성 T 림프구의 세포 백분율은 기관지천식환자에서 증가되어 있지 않았으며 혈청 IL-4의 활성도는 기관지천식환자에서 증가되어 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.10
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• 2019

Objectives: Root resorption is an unexpected complication after replantation procedures. Combining anti-osteoclastic medicaments with retrograde root filling materials may avert this resorptive activity. The purpose of this study was to assess effects of a cathepsin K inhibitor with calcium silicate-based cements on osteoclastic activity. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured for biocompatibility analyses. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B and lipopolysaccharide, followed by treatment with Biodentine (BIOD) or ProRoot MTA with or without medicaments (Odanacatib [ODN], a cathepsin inhibitor and alendronate, a bisphosphonate). After drug treatment, the cell counting kit-8 assay and Alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate biocompatibility in MC3T3-E1 cells. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed in RAW 264.7 cells to determine the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Biocompatibility results showed that there were no significant differences among any of the groups. RAW 264.7 cells treated with BIOD and ODN showed the lowest levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and PGE2. Treatments with BIOD + ODN were more potent suppressors of inflammatory cytokine expression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The cathepsin K inhibitor with calcium silicate-based cement inhibits osteoclastic activity. This may have clinical application in preventing inflammatory root resorption in replanted teeth.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7-like cytokine that is an important trigger and initiator of many allergic diseases. TSLP promotes a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine response that can be pathological. A relationship is formed both at the induction phase of the Th2 response through polarization of dendritic cells to drive Th2 cell differentiation and at the effector phase of the response, by promoting the expansion of activated T cells and their secretion of Th2 cytokines and TSLP. In transgenic mice with TSLP overexpression, it has been reported that TSLP leads to the development of mixed cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In addition, TSLP can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephritis. From our knowledge of the role of TSLP in the kidney, further studies including the discovery of new therapies need to be considered based on the relationship between TSLP and glomerulonephritis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2015

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) not only functions as an intracellular energy sensor and regulator, but is also a general sensor of oxidative stress. Furthermore, there is recent evidence that it participates in limiting acute inflammatory reactions, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Thus, it may oppose the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: To investigate the role of AMPK in cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema we first compared cigarette smoking and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]-induced lung inflammation and emphysema in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient ($AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT) mice and wild-type mice of the same genetic background. We then investigated the role of AMPK in the induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in A549 cells. Results: Cigarette smoking and poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation and emphysema were elevated in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT compared to wild-type mice. CSE increased AMPK activation in a CSE concentration- and time-dependent manner. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-${\beta}$-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an $AMPK{\alpha}1$-specific small interfering RNA. Conclusion: $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to lung inflammation and emphysema when exposed to cigarette smoke, and AMPK appears to reduce lung inflammation and emphysema by lowering IL-8 production.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4609-4614
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of copper reduction on angiogenesis-related factors in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated by gamma knife radiosurgery. Materials and Methods: In the present block randomized, placebo-controlled trial, fifty eligible patients with a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme who were candidates for gamma knife radiosurgery were randomly assigned into two groups to receive daily either 1gr penicillamine and a low copper diet or placebo for three months. The intervention started on the same day as gamma knife radiosurgery. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and copper levels were measured at baseline and after the intervention. The serum copper level was used as the final index of compliance with the diet. In order to control probable side effects of intervention, laboratory tests were conducted at the beginning, middle and end of the study. Results: The patients had a mean age and Karnofsky Performance Scale of 43.7 years and 75 respectively. Mean serum copper levels were significantly reduced in intervention group. Mean survival time was 18.5 months in intervention group vs. 14.9 in placebo group. VEGF and IL-6 levels in the intervention group were also significantly reduced compared to the placebo group and $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased less. Conclusions: It seems that reducing the level of copper in the diet and dosing with penicillamine leads to decline of angiogenesis-related factors such as VEGF, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Approaches targeting angiogenesis may improve survival and can be used as a future therapeutic strategy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2024

To investigate the mechanism of Wenshen Xuanbi Decoction (WSXB) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) via network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental verification. The active components and prediction targets of WSXB were obtained from the TCMSP database and Swiss Target Prediction website, respectively. OA-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards and OMIM databases. Protein-protein interaction and functional enrichment analyses were performed, resulting in the construction of the Herb-Component-Target network. In addition, differential genes of OA were obtained from the GEO database to verify the potential mechanism of WSXB in OA treatment. Subsequently, potential active components were subjected to molecular verification with the hub targets. Finally, we selected the most crucial hub targets and pathways for experimental verification in vitro. The active components in the study included quercetin, linolenic acid, methyl linoleate, isobergapten, and beta-sitosterol. AKT1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, GAPDH, and CTNNB1 were identified as the most crucial hub targets. Molecular docking revealed that the active components and hub targets exhibited strong binding energy. Experimental verification demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF in the WSXB group were lower than those in the KOA group (p < 0.05). WSXB exhibits a chondroprotective effect on OA and delays disease progression. The mechanism is potentially related to the suppression of IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways and the down-regulation of IL-6.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Compositae) is a traditional medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities. To elucidate new anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory constituents, the aerial parts of A. capillaries were investigated to afford a new compound, (6E,8E)-6-methylundeca-6,8-diene-2,5,10-trione (17) together with 19 known compounds (1 - 16, 18 - 20). The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D, 2D NMR, HREIMS, and optical rotation [α]_D. The absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined to be S form for the first time. All isolates (1 - 20) were tested their inhibitory effects on interleukin 2 (IL-2) expression in T cells and NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW246.7. Among them, compounds 10, 11, 19, and 20 reduced IL-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound 10 also inhibited NO production with an IC₅₀ value of 37.3 ± 0.4 μM.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2005

In the progression of the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder(TMD), not only deformation and perforation of disc occur. But also fibrotic adhesion and inflammatory changes to the retrodiscal tissue can be seen in addition to the condylar degenerative change (e.g. osteoarthritis). However, the correct diagnosis,?planning for appropriate treatment, and prediction of prognosis are limited, because there are no means to stage the progression of the disorder. In this study relative signal intensity of retrodiscal tissue in MRI and the synovial fluid concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and Interleukin-6(IL-6) in the 23 temporomandibular joints(TMJ), from 17 patients with TMD were evaluated as a possible diagnostic marker. The relative signal intensity of retrodiscal tissue was referenced to brain gray matter with same region of interest(ROI) size. The concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, and IL-6 were evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The collected data were compared with condylar degenerative change, joint effusion and disc position observed in MRI. The relative signal intensity of the retrodiscal tissue was increased significantly when degenerative changes were present. In addition, there was significantly high signal intensity in the presence of a disc displaced without reduction. The concentration of IL-6 was significantly increased when condylar degenerative change was no observed. And there were no changes in the levels of IL-6 according to disc position and joint effusion measurement. Moreover, there were no significant relevance between the concentration of total MMP-2 and active MMP-9 in synovial fluid, relative to degenerative changes in the mandibular condyle, to joint effusion, and to disc position observed on MRI images. In conclusion, the relative signal intensity of the retrodiscal tissue can be regarded as a mean of diagnosing the procession of TMD in a non-invasive manner. But more additional studies are required for the levels of MMP-2. MMP-9, and IL-6 to determine their potentials as a diagnostic marker for TMD.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

Dendritic cells play a very important role in the immune response as antigen-presenting cells that are critical for initiating both innate and acquired immunity. They recognize, process and present foreign antigens to other key immune cells to trigger and regulate the immune response. The ability to activate these dendritic cells can be used as a treatment for various immune diseases. Maqui berry has been reported to have anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effect on the activity of dendritic cells has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of maqui berry extract in modulating dendritic cell activity. Treatment of dendritic cells with maqui berry extract induced the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and MHC class I and II in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells was inhibited, which confirms their ability to present antigens, and the production of Interleukin (IL)-12, which is important for dendritic cell activity, was increased. These results indicated that Maqui berry extract activates dendritic cells maturation by inducing the production of co-stimulatory molecules and IL-12. These results suggest that maqui berry extract may act as an effective adjuvant to enhance dendritic cell-based immune responses.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2006

Background and Objective : Allergic rhinitis is a IgE-mediated hypersensitive reaction at nasal mucosa. In oriental medicine, Bangpungtongsung-San is clinically widely used for the treatment of the allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Bangpungtongsung-San on allergic rhinitis experimentally. Material and Methods : BALB/c mouse were divided into there groups: intact, control, experimental groups. Control and experimental group were induced allergic rhinitis by Ovalbumin as· the method of Levin and Vaz. Experimental group was orally administered the Bangpungtongsung-San for 28days. Total IgE, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5 and $Interferon-{\gamma}$ were measured at three groups. The statistical significance was examined by Independent Samples T test. Results : 1. The experimental group shows increase of $IFN-{\gamma}$ by 17% compared with control group but there was no statistical significance. 2. The experimental group shows increase of IL-4 and IL-5 compared with control group but there was no statistical significance. 3. The experimental group shows increase of Total IgE and diminution of OVA-specific IgE by 32% compared with control group but there was no statistical significance. Conclusion : The effect of Bangpungtongsung-San on allergic rhinitis is not immunological but seems to be anti-imflammatory and anti-stress effect.