• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.338-342
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• 2008

This study was performed to screen and select Lactobacillus strains from chicken feces for probiotic use in animals. Of these strains, strain AU had the highest immunostimulatory effect. Therefore, strain A12 was characterized as a potential probiotic. Strain A12 was tentatively identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus A12, using the API 50 CHL kit based on a 99.9% homology. L. acidophilus A12 was highly resistant to artificial gastric juice (pH 2.5) and bile acid (oxgall). Based on results from the API ZYM kit, leucine arylamidase, crystine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosamidase were produced by strain A12. L. acidophilus A12 showed resistance to several antibiotics (nisin, gentamicin, and erythromycin). The amount of interleukin $(IL)-1{\alpha}$ in $20{\times}$ concentrated supernatant from L. acidophilus A12 was approximately 156pg/ml. With regard to antioxidant activity, L. acidophilus A12 supernatant showed 60.6% DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results demonstrate the potential use of L. acidophilus A12 as health-promoting probiotics.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2003

Bee venom is used as a traditional medicine for treatment of arthritis. The anti-inflammatory activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous partitions from bee venom (Apis mellifera) was studied using cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$) production, in vitro. COX-2 is involved in the production of prostaglandins that mediate pain and support the inflammatory process. The aqueous partition of bee venom showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on COX-2 activity ($IC_{50} = 13.1 \mu$ g/mL), but did not inhibit COX-1 activity. The aqueous partition was subfractionated into three parts by molecular weight differences, namely, B-F1 (above 20 KDa), B-F2 (between 10 KDa and 20 KDa) and BF-3 (below 10 KDa). B-F2 and B-F3 strongly inhibited COX-2 activity and COX-2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, without revealing cytotoxic effects. TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$ are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines and are early indicators of the inflammatory process. We also investigated the effects of three subfractions on TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$ production using ELISA method. All three subfractions, B-F1, B-F2 and B-F3, inhibited TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$production. These results suggest the pharmacological activities of bee venom on anti-inflammatory process include the inhibition of COX-2 expression and the blocking of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$) production.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.136.1-136.1
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• 2003

We studied the effect of methanol extract of Sargassum hemiphylum(SH) on atopic allergic reaction. SH dose-dependently inhibited interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ secretion from the PMA- plus A23187- stimulated HMC-1. SH also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine and $\beta$-hexosaminidase release from mast cells. (omitted)

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and intracellular anti-inflammatory efficacy of blueberry leaf extracted with hot water (BLW), 70% ethanol (BLE), and 70% acetone (BLA) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of blueberry leaf extracts, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce the production of inflammation-related factors, which were measure by Western blotting and real-time PCR methods. i-NOS, COX-2 protein, and mRNA expression showed concentration-dependent decrease. The decreases in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were concentration-dependent. Further, the antioxidant effects of blueberry leaf on total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The total polyphenol contents of BLW, BLE, and BLA were $217.04{\pm}2.98$, $156.72{\pm}3.90$, and $182.88{\pm}3.02mg\;TAE/g$, respectively, while the electron donating abilities at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 81.7, 79.6, and 79.3%, respectively. The $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity was fond to be concentration dependent. The nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition activities at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 35.1, 42.4 and 42.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory test results indicate that blueberry leaf extracts (BLW, BLE, and BLA) can be used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2019

황해쑥(Artemisia argyi H.Lev. & Vaniot)은 우수한 항염증 활성을 지닌 것으로 다양하게 보고 되었다. 그러나, 대표적인 염증 질환 중 하나인 골관절염에 미치는 영향은 현재까지 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 염증 유발 연골 세포 및 골관절염 유발 동물 모델에 미치는 황해쑥 효과에 대해 조사하였다. 첫째, interleukin 1 beta를 투여한 관절 연골 세포에 황해쑥 물 추출물을 투여한 후 metalloporeinase (MMP) -3 및 MMP-13의 발현을 mRNA 및 단백질 수준에서 분석 하였다. 또한, 내측 반월상 연골의 불안정화에 의해 유도 된 골관절염 마우스 모델을 사용하여 황해쑥 물 추출물의 골관절염 억제 효과를 분석 하였다. 세포 실험에서, 본 황해쑥은 MMP-3와 MMP-13의 mRNA 및 단백질 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다. 또한. 황해쑥 물 추출물을 투여한 실험 동물의 관절 조직을 Safranin O 염색을 실시하여 분석한 결과 연골 하 골판 두께의 감소 및 활막 염증 개선 효과가 관찰 되었다. HPLC를 이용한 성분 분석 결과, 황해쑥 물 추출물은 항염증 및 항관절염 활성을 가진 jaceosidin과 eupatilin을 함유하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과로부터 황해쑥은 골관절염의 치료 또는 예방에 유망한 소재로 개발될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Silkworm pupal extracts (SPE) were prepared in different solvents (water, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% ethanol) and their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in the RAW264.7 cell line. The SPE composition was initially evaluated by determining the protein content and performing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The protein content of the different SPE ranged from 6.75-130.93 mg/g of extract. FTIR analysis exhibited distinguishable absorption peaks among the extracts and indicated the presence of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid moieties. The levels of released nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were only attenuated by 100% ethanolic SPE to 19.44% and 16.77%, respectively. The other solvent extracts were ineffective. Hence, further studies were conducted with 100% ethanolic SPE from three distinct stages of male and female silkworm pupae belonging to four silkworm varieties (Baegokjam; B, GoldenSilk; G, Juhwangjam; J, and YeonNokjam; Y). The best reduction in NO release and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression levels was achieved by the SPE of early female pupae belonging to the Baegokjam variety (32.72%) and those of early female pupae belonging to the Baegokjam and GoldenSilk (59.93%) varieties, respectively. The best reduction in IL-6 expression by 49.70% was achieved by SPE from female pupae of the mid-pupal stage belonging to the Baegokjam variety.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

This study was to investigate the effect of Danchunwhangagam(DCWGG) extract on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Cerebral infarction(CI) patients. Methods: We examined how the inhibition rate of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin(IL)-1$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, and IL-8 productions in DCWGG pretreatment PBMCs culture supernatant in the lipopolysaccaride(LPS)- or desferrioxamine(DFX)treated cells compared to unstimulated cells. Results: DCWGG inhibited the productions of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: DCWGG might have regulatory effects on LPS or DFX-induced cytokine production, which might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of CI.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2007

Korean mistletoe (Viscum album L) extract has been found to posses immunoregulating activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract activates splenocytes to secret interleukin $1\beta(IL-1\beta)$. The splenocytes were treated with M11C, and then collected the supernatant and cell lysate that were prepared to analyze the level of $IL-1\beta$, using ELISA, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR. Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on $IL-1\beta$ secretion from splenocytes were $200{\mu}g/m\ell$ and 8 hours, respectively. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of $IL-1\beta$ mRNA were $200{\mu}g/m\ell$ and 4 hours, respectively. Saccharide degradation enzyme Viscozyme L completely blocked the effect of M11C on $IL-1\beta$ secretion from splenocytes. As the result, among non-lectin components saccharide could be regarded as a main component for $IL-1\beta$ expression from splenocytes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.3561-3566
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• 2010

Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a recently identified cytokine that induces major proinflammatory cytokines such as $TNF{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, which play an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases. To antagonize the biological function of IL-32 in cells, we generated RNA aptamers that could bind specifically to IL-32 protein. The highest affinity aptamer, AC3-3, successfully antagonized IL-32 by abolishing the induction of $TNF{\alpha}$ in the human lung carcinoma cells expressing IL-32. This aptamer could be used as a potent and selective antagonist against IL-32 to further elucidate the roles of IL-32 in chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as a therapeutic agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.678-683
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the skin inflammation effects of three herb mixture extracts, Ligularia fischeri, Solidago virga-aurea and Aruncus dioicus, which are from Ullung island in Korea. Regulatory mechanisms of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in the immunological activity of Raw 264.7 cells. Tested cells were pretreated with 70% acetone extracts of Ligularia fischeri, Solidago virga-aurea and Aruncus dioicus (LSA-A) and further cultured for an appropriated time after lipopolyssacharide (LPS) addition. During the entire experimental period, 1, 10, and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ of LSA-A had no cytotoxicity. In these concentrations, LSA-A inhibited the production of NO and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), tumor necorsis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1${\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). LSA-A showed a 60% $PGE_2$ inhibition rate at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. iNOS and COX-2 inhibition activities were 54%, and 65% at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In addition, LSA-A extract reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-a, IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6. These results suggest that LSA-A may have significant effects on inflammatory factors, and may be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.