• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.14-19
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• 2003

In this paper, I tried to apply the viewpoint and the method of "Cultural Study" to the analysis of a Architecture. "SE HAN DO(歲寒圖/ Jeonghee Kim 金正喜/ 1844)", the masterpiece of the "literary artist's paintings"(文人畵) is used as a 'TEXT‘(: parole) and analysed to show how artist's value and social-cultural ideology (as a 'CONTEXT':langue) are projected to the space and architectural vocabulary.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

The three dimensional structure of thermohaline circulation in a D-plane is investigated using a conceptual two layer model and a scaling argument. In this simple model, the water mass formation region is excluded. The upper layer represents the oceans above the main thermocline. The lower layer represents the deep ocean below the thermocline and is much thicker than the upper layer. In each layer, geostrophy and the linear vorticity balance are assumed. The cross interfacial velocity that compensates for the deep water mass formation balances downward heat diffusion from the top. From the above relations, we can determine the thickness of the upper layer, which is the same as thermocline depth. The results we get is basically the same as that we get for an f-plane ocean or the classical thermocline theory. Mass budget using the velocity scales from the scaling argument shows that western boundary and interior transports are much larger than the net meridional transport. Therefore in the thermohaline circulation, horizontal circulation is much stronger than the vertical circulation occuring on a meridional plane.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2009

The effect of high temperature gas nitrding (HTGN) on the surface microstructure in pure Ti was investigated. Two phases of TiN and $Ti_2N$ appeared at the outmost surface, and the wide ${\alpha}$-Ti layer was formed at the next layer. On the other hand, the interior region, where the nitrogen was not permeated, exhibited ${\alpha}$'phase. The outmost surface of TiN and $Ti_2N$ showed the maximum hardness of 1000Hv, while the interior ${\alpha}$'phase was ${\sim}350$ Hv. The permeation depth of nitrogen increased with increasing the gas nitriding temperature and time. The nitrogen concentration of the surface layer seems to be over 12.7% at $1100^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.240-248
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• 2009

An approach to control the position for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on an adaptive integral binary observer is described. The binary controller with a binary observer is composed of a main loop regulator and an auxiliary loop regulator. One of its key features is that it alleviates chatter in the constant boundary layer. However, steady state estimation accuracy and robustness are dependent upon the thickness of the constant boundary layer. In order to improve the steady state performance of the binary observer and eliminate the chattering problem of the constant boundary layer, a new binary observer is formed by adding extra integral dynamics to the existing switching hyperplane equation. Also, the proposed adaptive integral binary observer applies an adaptive scheme because the parameters of the dynamic equations such as the machine inertia and the viscosity friction coefficient are not well known. Furthermore, these values can typically be easily changed during normal operation. However, the proposed observer can overcome the problems caused by using the dynamic equations, and the rotor position estimation is constructed by integrating the rotor speed estimated with a Lyapunov function. Experimental results obtained using the proposed algorithm are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

This study aims to find out the characteristics and the type classification of contemporary public libraries in terms of browsing circuit. In so doing, it is to analyze 21 recently built libraries by using the browsing circuit, the spatial depth and the spatial layout. The study makes use of codes derived from the concept of 'Classification' and 'Frame' suggested by a pedagogist, Basil Bernstein. As a result, it shows that two codes are phased in overseas cases. In other words, one type is a lower depth of space and a high rate of rings with the multi-layer circuits and the three-dimensional circuit of multi-centered. the other type is the higher depth of space and a low rate of rings with the single-layer circuit and the multi-layer circuit of single-centered. In domestic cases, 4 types are shown. The characteristics of layout are seen as a radial shape and the rate of rings is lower than the overseas cases. It can be said that these results are a transitional phenomenon. For browsing circuit, domestic public libraries would be adapted to the three-dimensional circuit of multi-centered, a lower depth of space and a high rate of rings. By instructions of this plan, the real meaning of a public library will be come true.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

The diffusion layer within MEA(membrane electrode assembly) has been evaluated important factor for improvement of cell performance in DMFC. The diffusion layer in MEA structure leads to the reduction of catalyst loss in active catalysts layer as well as prevention of water-flooding in cathode. Cell performance is directly affected by interior properties of diffusion layer materials. Acetylene Black and $RuO_2$ with large pore size and low porosity compared to Vulcan XC-72R gave better performance caused by vigorous methanol diffusion and water removal. And $RuO_2$ as diffusion layer materials showed different behavior in anode and cathode compartment, that is, diffusion layers in anode and cathode side make methanol diffusion and water removal facilitate, respectively.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.10-17
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• 1997

The lastest art is being characterised by an ever active exchange between different genre. This is a study on the installation aspect in deconstruction architectured and interior design. The progressive and aggressive nature of installatation art embodies uncatagorized genre, the freedom of material application, introduction of the notion of time in space, the reversion of subject and object, the union of art and every experience, understanding of object through deconstruction, enlargement of concept of space, collage-style composition and layer technique. I can conclude that the installation aspect in Tshumi's Parc de la Villette is its call upon the audience to actively participate, the introduction of a coincidental conjunction, its challenge on the conventional idea of park and its flexibility caused by human activity and time. In Hadid's Hong Kong Peak Club the installation aspect is the application of layer technique using four enormous beams horizontally laid out on a man-made moutain. Furthermore, Libeskind's pursuit of the mental in Berlin Museum Extension through the penetration of an invisible line into a void creates a new interpretation of the role of a museum and thus relates itself to installation art. The installation aspect in Himmelblau's Vienna Roof Renovation is the literal deconstruction of the roof of an old building in the old section of Wien and the expression of time and space through the interrelationship between interior and exterior environment by the use of juxtaposition technique. Finally, I note that the installation aspect in Gehry's Santa Monica Residence is the reorganization of cheap material as a form of 'object', that creates spon-taneity, movement as well as flow of time in space and ex-hibit the double-sidedness of the visible world.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.290-301
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• 2017

Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in $Mg^{2+}$ content and total nitrogen, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, $Na^+$ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

A number of the retail and traditional market customer is decrease, whereas that of the supermarket in department-store customers is increase. This case suggests that customers have a preference for much more comfortable and pleasant shopping places And making a reasonable purchase in the supermarkets where we can find various goods and price zone, is now garden variety. It is a current course that once the manager ask an architect for multi-functional space design in department-store and then the architect compose a team and start to design. Of course, the team of planner thinking manage give the design team the basic material data such as commerce analysis and the use of each layer in the department store but, the design team solve the assignment by architectural form, functional space plan and the limited architecture law, After establishing general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design team. so it is inevitable that the interior design team concerning M$\cdot$D can find lots of complementary factors with architecture design. The purpose of this study is analyzing the differences of architecture design, which has to accept the limited law and interior design concerning M$\cdot$D, satisfying the structure and the law in the future design for the department-store. Also the purpose of this thesis is suggestion the items architects and interior designers research into together to make the inner space ideally.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.51-53
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• 2004

An analytical method is developed which focused on the end effects for determining the thermal stress distribution in an laminated beam bonded with adhesive layer. This method gives the stress distribution which satisfy the stress-free boundary condition at edge completely. Numerical example, in which an Al-Cu beam bonded with solder(Pb-Sn) is treated, shows that the shear and peeling stresses at the interfaces are significant near the edge and become negligible in the interior region.