• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.10-16
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• 2008

The fire resistance of thermal insulation and interior finishing materials is recently much emphasized after the fire accident at the Icheon Cold Store in January 2008. Three kinds of thermal insulation are used in buildings. They are Organic, Non-organic and cellulosic insulation. Organic insulation such as polystyrene foam board and urethane foam has high thermal resistance but it has no fire resistance. While non-organic insulation such as rockwool and glassfiber has high fire resistance, it has lower thermal resistance than organic insulation. Cellulose insulation is primarily manufactured from recycled newsprint or cardboard using shredders and fiberizers. Despite of its environmental friendliness and high thermal resistivity, its domestic use has not much increased because of the prejudice that paper can easily burn. However, the cellulose insulation as a product is about 80 wt.% cellulosic fiber and 20 wt.% chemicals, most of which are fire retardants such as boric acid and ammonium sulfate. It is required to secure its fire safety for more consumption as a building insulation in Korea. Therefore, this study investigates the fire resistance of Korean cellulose insulation according to the rate of fire retardant and finally presents the optimum rate of fire retardant in cellulose as building insulation. The fire safety test was conducted according to the ASTM C 1485-00. The test results indicate that above 18 wt% of fire retardant is necessary to secure the fire safety of cellulose insulation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2011

Experiments of Cone calorimeter test and Lift spread flame apparatus test are carried out in order to appraise fire hazard in color nonwoven used mostly on the spot in construction works. As the result, in color nonwoven combustibility is discovered not firing flame in surface, but firing under state of combustible gas occuring in the state of melting. In the case of Lift spread flame apparatus test, color nonwoven is very brittle which almost no flame spread owing to contracting and break by firing strength. The following data are agree with basis: total heat release is 2.66 MJ/$m^2$, limited combustible material (10 min) of incombustible rating appraisal in interior material of building, and incombustible materials (5 min) 8 MJ/$m^2$ in spite of the above data mentioned, those data are only as basis of interior finish, and so I cannot judge color nonwoven have incombustible rating retain through the above data. Accordingly, the basis of incombustible rating and experiment method about exterior finish must be arranged also.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

This is a study on the relation of window glass breaking time, shape, and vent condition in a compartment fire through the experiment. We recognize the phenomenon that window glass breakage in a compartment fire be arose from the thermal stresses due to the temperature temperature difference was 233.4$^{\circ}C$ for test 1-3, 138$^{\circ}C$ for text 2-1, 83.6$^{\circ}C$ for test 2-2. The interior test 2-2, 400.9$^{\circ}C$ for test 2-3. so if the flame didn't reach at the surface of window glass, the breakage of glass occure at 40$0^{\circ}C$~50$0^{\circ}C$. when the fire size reached to 1541.14kW, the window might be broken by thermal stress. But window glass was not collapsed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.305-310
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• 2003

Recently, gypsum boards are widely used as interior finishing boards for constructions because of their features of absorbing heats and little temperature rising at the early stage of fire. Therefore, in this research, basic data were suggested to secure fireproof stability by investigating interior processing features, which change together with the backside temperature of test materials from Flash Over (within 30 minutes after firing), at which temperature reaches its highest point, to survey the features of materials due to rising temperature in the chase of gypsum boards (general and fireproof gypsum boards)

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.27-31
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• 2011

In this study, combustion toxicity evaluation for building interior materials and study for toxicity as using FT-IR analysis. this experiment for the calculation of toxicity index, it using a cone calorimeter model in KS F ISO/TR 9122-4 as a fire model. It is following ISO 19702 procedure for assessing fire toxic gas using FT-IR. This experiment used calculation method for toxicity index (FED) among the international standards. $LC_{50}$ is a concentration that it can cause death to 50 % of experimental animal in 30 minutes - exposure gas test. comparison with the three kinds of toxicity fire gas of construction materials using toxicity index.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.124-129
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• 2016

According to the current law, on-site flame resistant-treated interior decorations should pass the flame resistant performance test through a 45 degree combustion test from the district fire department. Although a 45 degree combustion test is the most accurate method for determining the flame resistant performance, it can be unreliable when tested on unauthorized samples. To avoid unauthorized sampling, this study suggests on-site flame resistant inspection by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Ten types of flame resistant paint were spread on plywoods and MDFs and the components were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. As a result, due to a difference amounts of substances in each paint, each flame resistant paints showed its own characteristic spectrum and the contents of each substance could be determined. On-site flame resistant inspections can be used efficiently when institutional procedures are created.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.196-201
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• 2006

Due to the damage which is caused by with the smoke, in the analysis statistics of a fire accident smoke is becoming the important evaluation index of fire quality. We must follow the procedures to use interior material for railway car as stated the Safety regulation for the urban railway car. In this study, we compared the Smoke Density of the train seat by test between Cone-Calorimeter and Smoke Density-Chamber. The results showed that the smoke density by test between Cone-Calorimeter and Smoke Density-Chamber is visible a similar tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2018

3D printing technology of construction field can be divided into structural materials, interior and exterior finishing materials, and is mainly done by extruding and adapting. Particularly when it is applied as an exterior materials, it is mainly applied to an unstructured exterior materials and high accuracy is required. The exterior materials can be used as a cement composite materials, it is suitable also for a additive type manufacturing, and the role of a redispersible polymer powder is important. But, high temperatures, redispersible polymer cement base material beget dehydration and micro crack of cement matrix. In this research, we developed a EVA, EVCL redispersible polymer cement base material applicable as a 3D printing exterior materials, confirmed density and strength characteristics for application as an exterior materials, a flame retardancy test for improving the fire resistance of buildings and confirmed its possibility. From the test result, developed EVCL redispersible polymer cement mortar showed good stability in high temperatures. These high temperature stability is caused by the ethylene-vinyl chloride binding. Thus, this result indicates that it is possible to fire resistant 3D printing interior and exterior finishing materials.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete(ALC) features such as a high performance insulation, the fire resistance, the advantage of easy handing construction, and lightweight panels applied the curtain wall system. ALC materials are certified as non-toxic environmental and eco-friendly productions. But ALC external panels mixed with blast furnace slag pounder and silica fume have to be coated with a stucco compound or plaster because of resisting the ambient environment. This study is that mixing tests to evaluate a performance analysis of exterior paints to be make-up pigments(organic or inorganic) coated with panel surface. Testing compared by KS F 2476; flow test, KS F 2426; compression strength test, KS F 2762; bond strength test. In results, the case of the inorganic binder, ratio of alumina cement : anhydrite is 90:10 to 80:20 at the highest level of intensity. In the case of the organic binder, adhesive strength rating at surface of ALC, the pullout strength is below 0.5 $N/mm^2$ but the normal concrete is over 2.0$N/mm^2$. A contents ratio of EVA resin is more than 3% and then bond strength is effectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.26-33
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• 2014

Recently in Korea, the interest for using window and window-wall in building picks up due to the beauty and utilization of space. But, interior space of the buildings shall be compartmentalized by fire resistance structures in accordance with the Korean building codes to prevent the spread of flame and damage of human life in fire. In case of installing non-insulated glazed window in compartment wall, the flame spread to adjacent space and the damage of human life by radiant heat can occur in fire. On this study, to confirm the risk of radiant heat for non-insulated glazed window in fire, the fire resistance tests were conducted. The temperature rise and heat flux on unexposed space was measured and analyzed.