• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2010

To investigate natural dyeing properties of bast fiber, properties of pre mordanting dyeing of sappan wood, gardenia and gallnut such as K/S values, developed color, and fastness were evaluated. Silk showed the most increased K/S values by pre mordanting treatment when Fe was uses as a mordant. The optimized amount of Fe was 3%. The colors of sappan wood was a series of YR. After pre mordanting treatment with Fe, the colors of bast fiber of mulberry and silk showed a series of RP, and the color of cotton showed a series of Y. The color of gallnut was a series of Y regardless of pre mordant treatment. Sappon wood (YR), gardenia (Y), and gallnut (Y) showed various colors such as YR, R, and RP, respectively. Sunlight fastness was not improved by pre mordanting treatment. The effect of pre mordanting treatment was not good. Especially the treatment with Al showed poor sunlight fastness.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.558-567
• /
• 1999

X-ray laminography and DT(digital tomosynthesis) that can form a cross-sectional image of 3-D objects promis to be good solutions for inspecting interior defects of industrial products. DT is a kind of laminography technique and the difference is in the fact that it synthesizes the several projected images by use of the digitized memory and computation. The quality of images acquired from the DT system varies according to image synthesizing methods, the number of images used in image synthesizing, and X-ray projection angles. In this paper, a new image synthesizing method named 'log-root method' is proposed to get clear and accurate cross-sectional images, which can reduce both artifact and blurring generated by materials out of focal plane. To evaluate the quality of cross-sectional images, two evaluating criteria : (1) shape accuracy and (2) clearness of the cross-sectional images are defined. Based on these criteria, a series of simulations are performed, and the results show the superiority of the new synthesizing method over the existing ones such as averaging and minimum methods.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2014

Naejeon area at Chandeokgung Palace means the areas of Huijeongdang and Daejojeon area. Huijeongdang or Hall of Brilliant Rule is made for the king, and Daejojeon or Hall of Great Creation is made for the queen. These areas were located nearly and repeatedly burned down and rebuilt several times together, but their forms were largely unchanged. However in 1920, they rebuilt in a very different way. The purpose of this study was to estimate construction plans, progress and completion of Naejeon area's rebuilding. They were reconstructed into eclectic structures as the exteriors were built using basic materials from Gyeongbokgung Palace. So they have traditional-looking appearances, but the interiors consisted of modern equipments and were built by applying foreign style construction techniques. The main floored room of Daejojeon and the area of Huijeongdang were built in standing style by installing radiators and French furnitures. Also, the porch, corridor, storage space and veranda were constructed under the influence of Japanese construction. After the reconstruction, there were changes in the usage of some spaces. Huijeongdang functioned only for Alhyeonso or audience chamber rather than Pyeonjeon or state hall. New organizations created by the Japanese such as Chansi or secretaries office and the Chief secretary's office were included in Naejeon area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.21
• /
• pp.9113-9116
• /
• 2014

Purpose: : To assess the clinic value of application of laparospic ultrasonography (LU) in partial nephrectomy of small renal cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: From 2007 to 2011, 28 small renal cell carcinoma patients in ou clinic underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with LU. For comparison with preoperative conventional ultrasound and CT, we collected ultrasonic performance of the affected side kidney, renal tumor location, size, echo change, blood supply situation and the relationship with the surrounding tissue. Results: LU could more clearly show the tumor interior structure and blood supply, as well as the relationship with the surrounding tissue. It also can provided doctor assistance with real-time tumor resection, reducing operative complications. Conclusions: LU can clearly show tumor internal structure and blood supply, which is helpful for explicit diagnosis. Moreover, it supplies accurate information for surgeons and assists surgery. Therefore LU has an important guiding value in partial nephrectomy for small renal cell carcinoma.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2010

The purposes of this study are to understand residents' needs in regard to living space and to suggest how to provide layout options for the infill, based on their needs, so that the residents can change their living space to suit their own need. This study analyzed residents' needs in terms of living spaces through literature reviews on apartment remodeling and related previous studies. The results are as follows: First, the residents remodeled the various infill, and remodeling works are then classified into five infill groups according to the flexible features: 1) structural elements, such as flooring, ceilings, interior walls, and windows/doors; 2) equipment elements, such as lighting and electricity, electrical wiring, heating arrangements, and water supply & drainage systems: 3) finishing material elements, such as finishing materials for floors, walls, and ceilings, skirting boards, moldings, and art walls; 4) furniture elements, such as built-in wardrobes, storage closets, and kitchen cabinets; and 5) bathroom facility elements such as faucets and sinks. Second, based on the remodeling features, four ways to provide options can be suggested. 1) options are provided for each room; 2) options are provided in connection with structural elements; 3) options are provided for each finishing material element; and 4) options are provided with the combinations of different bathroom facilities.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.950-954
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the delivered power and reflection coefficient in metallic shielding enclosure excited by the interior source, which are evaluated with the method of moments, and describes a method for reducing the radiation of electromagnetic fields in the cavity by putting lossy dielectric material in one inside wall. In this paper we introduce carbon polystyrene-foam as lossy dielectric material and observe it's effects of reduction when the thickness and permittivity of lossy dielectric material are changed. The results show that the reduction of the electromagnetic radiation can be achieved by controlling the amount of carbon in lossy dielectric material. The theoretical analysis is verified by the measured delivered power.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.10 no.2 s.26
• /
• pp.55-71
• /
• 2001

This study reviewed the preservation status of the Early Western Style Architecture in Korea based on the on-site research of church buildings which are registered as National Cultural Properties. I have investigated 21 church buildings regarding the frequency, content and concept of restoration. The results are summarized as follows First, the churches have been restored extensively in every 17 years on the average. Second, the main restorations are replacement of bricks, painting, waterproofing, repair of roof and timber. And the main changes are extension of plan, removal of Interior posts, and replacement of floor. Third, the main concept of restorations are historical restoration(62%), critical restoration(23%), stylistic restoration(14%). Forth, the category of restoration have been changed, that is extending of incompletion (1st stage), functional improvement and extension of the span of life(2nd stage), improvement of facilities(3rd stage), restoration to the original state and conservation(4th stage). Fifth, the issues of repairing techniques are revival and replacement of weathered bricks, the removal of painting, and structural reinforcement. This study will be able to be used as the fundamental materials to improve the techniques of restoration of Early Western style masonry buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.324-327
• /
• 2009

In the present study, the effect of Ca additions on the ignition and combustion behaviors of Mg alloys has been investigated. Cracks and inclusions were observed at the free surface and interior in as-cast pure magnesium but not in Ca-bearing Mg alloys. There was a tendency that ignition temperature rapidly increased with increasing Ca content in Mg-Ca alloy. Saturated composition for increasing of ignition temperature was related with solid solubility of Ca in Ca-bearing Mg alloys. The protective oxide layers, MgO, could also be found on the combustion surface of Ca-bearing magnesium alloy.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.113-117
• /
• 2009

By statistics in August, 2007, currently Korean motors registration number broke through 16 million units. The demand of motors is being increased as time goes on and the demand of parking lot within apartment complex is increased together. Therefore, it is inevitable to expand underground parking lots. Underground parking lots have relatively weaker environment than the ground and physical/psychological problems as distance far away from the main building, fear for vehicle damage and crimes, impure air, darkness and closed feeling take place. Underground parking lots also occupy a lot of area ratio within apartment complex and have a lot of effects on other facilities. Therefore, underground parking lots are neglected for all that underground parking lots have deep relations with satisfaction for public space within apartment complex. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to make reference materials when underground parking lots are planned by grasping satisfaction of underground parking lots through inhabitants'mental survey and surveying preferential location and requirements of parking lots.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.542-550
• /
• 1996

ZnO-based ceramic varistors containing NiO range 0.5 mol% to 4.0 mol% were fabricated by standard ceramic techniques. The influence of NiO on the microstructure and electrical behavior of ZnO varistor was investigated. As the content of NiO additive increases, average grain size decreased from 16.5.mu.m to 13.2.mu.m, and the amount of NiO existing in the grain interior and grain boundary region was approximately equal. NiO acted as an acceptor which decreases donor concentration due to the increase of Zn vacancy in the grain, and as a driver which migrates Zn interstitial in the depletion region toward the interface of grain boundary, which resulted in the decrease of interface state density. As a result, increasing the content of NiO additive, barrier height, nonlinear exponent, and varistor voltage decreased, and leakage current increased. Wholly, the physical and electrical properties of the ZnO varistor can be said to be affected by the NiO additive.