• Archives of design research
• /
• v.18 no.4 s.62
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2005

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the characteristics of the current Victorian-style interior by reviewing the basic Victorian-style house in the past. this research was analyzed various prior studies and literatures, and found the following results: First, the Victorian-style house and interior space showed various historical trends and adopted every style from Gothic to rococo, and sometimes more than one style influenced a single place. Its formality was applied depending on the function and standard of each room. Second, the interior had many decorative things with free, irregular or other patterns, influenced by Romanticism and Naturalism. The several environmental factors such as air pollution and hygienic matter were also related with its trend. the dramatic changes in the kitchen and sanitary facilities were appeared based on the technical development, and affluent design styles were also used. All these reflected the characteristics of the Victorian age. In conclusion, the characteristics of Victorian-style were influenced by many factors including: (a) the trend of Romanticism and Naturalism, (b) consideration of family convenience based on the technical development, (c) the Socio-Environmental factors like air pollution and the social norm, and (d) reflection of the individual value in accordance with frequent contacts with foreign cultures. In this respect, it is necessary to reevaluate the Victorian-style after paying due regard to such factors.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2019

Regardless of the size, the role and meaning of the space required for human daily life are the same. Especially, as the spatial design is small and the size is small, the careful design and problem solving are needed to enable comfortable and convenient life even in a narrow space. The purpose of this study is to design a convergence model that utilizes the advantages of BIM, which can simulate actual design based on a new one-person housing space design plan optimized for one person. This study applied the BIM design technology to one-person housing 2D design, and the suitability examination and the space optimization design of the interior design were carried out. As a result of the study, utility of space improvement, consideration of housing environment, interference check, application of eco-friendly housing system, and MEP design item were derived. Therefore, BIM space design in interior space has been confirmed as a way to overcome limit and inefficiency of 2D design which is applied to actual space by various space design elements. Based on the results of this study, the One-person housing space model, which is applied to the study, is a pure creation designed based on various one-person housing of social and cultural peculiarities derived from previous research. This design example was applied to BIM technology to confirm the detailed and practical design possibility.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.1339-1347
• /
• 2014

This study were performed on roadside buffer green in Songpa-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul in order to analyze the anion concentration according to the type of composition of roadside buffer green. Buffer green separating the physical structure of the measurement points and measurement locations were separated by roadside, green interior, the other side of the road. planting density and deposit of trees per each buffer green was measured in the order of mounding type> slope type> the plain type. If the measured temperature of the location-specific weather elements roadside> inside> the other side of the road in order of measurement and the temperature is lowered farther away from the road. If the relative humidity of the road on the other side> inside> the roadside in order to measure and this is the opposite of the temperature tendency. According to physical structure reduction of the temperature on the other side of the road and roadside in order of mounding type> the plain type> slope type was measured. As a result of measuring a anion therefore concentration of the anion inside of melt is in order of mounding type> the plain type> slope type, tended to match the melt characteristics. According to measured positions anion concentration is in the order of the other side of the road> inside> the roadside was measured. As a result of correlation analysis, in the case of measurement location-specific weather and anions the temperature is positive correlation, relative humidity is negative correlation and that's results of previous studies were supported.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the overall recognition on attitudes of well-dying and evaluation the importance of planning factors of well-dying space in college students. This will serve as a basis to accumulate materials on the recognition of well-dying and well-dying spaces of various generations of South Korea. This study conducted a survey from October 4th to 8th, 2016 with 119 college students from U University and K University. As the contents of the survey, were comprised of general socio-demographic elements, subjective recognition and attitudes toward well-dying, and the importance of the planning factors of the physical, emotional, social and spiritual environments of the well-dying space. The main results are as follows. (1) The interest of university students on death education is high, and there was a preference for 'home' where they could be comfortable and be with loved ones as the space for dying. Also, in case of events of bereaving them after death, formal grieving ceremonies were undesired. The funeral was desired to be simple, serene, and not too sad. (2) In evaluation of the importance of physical, emotional, and spiritual environmental planning factors, physical environmental factors were considered to be the most important overall, and the recognition of importance of the planning factors of spiritual environment was low.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.65
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2006

In product manufacturing industries, a recent issue is the green concept. The green concept is a complicated area. If the green concept is for products, its serious issues have to be criticized. Although the importance of the green concept has overflowed, its influences have not been disputed vigorously. So this study is to critic the serious issues of the green concept in aesthetics in product design, manufacturing, and products' prices. The green environment has four representative elements: systems, policies, minds, and technologies, but they are not in the field of design. An element of the green concept, green design is also a sub concept for design, so it should be based on aesthetics. It is green aesthetics. But since green design first appeared, it has never approached by aesthetics because it has mostly had social meanings and expectations. So for green aesthetics, to think about what makes a product, and what can be aesthetic issues among them are important. Products consist of form, structure, material, and technology. Form means different shapes in a structure, but there cannot be any specific directions for a green concept. Structure has two kinds: interior and exterior structure. While interior structure has a technological character, exterior structure is deeply related with aesthetics, but it has also no chance for green concept. Material can be divided as two also: aesthetic and technological. Aesthetics materials mean the colors, opacity, and tactile sense of materials, but they are not aesthetic issues. Technological materials are recycled materials or non-recycled materials. Even if recycled materials are used today, they are close to systems or policies rather than aesthetics. With this result, green aesthetics is a very difficult concept. Second, green products are usually 30% more expensive than general products. But every consumer has his or her own economical conditions, and nobody can coerce consumers into buying expensive green products for green environments. And green products without good quality cannot satisfy consumers. This means that green concept is not accomplished by just manufacturing green products. Third, although a lot of proposals have appeared as green design in exhibitions, most of them are close to craft because they are so hard to be manufactured. Manufacturing is the first consideration for products. These three issues are enough to explain why green concept is complicated in manufacturing products. If they are not solved, the green concept is just a fiction. So if this study proposes a turning point against blind green-oriented atmosphere, it will be meaningful enough.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 2020

Nowadays, urban townhouses are being developed in various forms according to the characteristics of different regions in consideration of the trends of the housing market. Misperceiving the needs of consumers or their characteristics as a house for living, however, they often end up becoming products that are not suitable for urban life or degraded on account of reckless regional development. It is so unfortunate that such trial and error keeps being repeated. Urban townhouses are advantageous because there is no such problem as either invasion of privacy or noise from neighbors, and it is possible to have one's own garden and enlarged parking space, obtain quality of grounding, and plan unique interior and exterior design. They are also equipped with the strengths of apartment houses as well, for example, the efficiency of joint control in crime and disaster prevention or security, architecture of diaphragm walls with the separation of gates, or the planning of common space like a central square or park. Therefore, there is a great chance that they can be developed as the types of urban housing. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to establish the basic direction of developing housing products right as space for urban life and maximize the roles of urban townhouses. By understanding their spatial as well as functional elements as a house for living, this author aims to provide a guideline for housing product development to realize urban townhouses that can meet consumer needs.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.654-664
• /
• 2017

The use of environmentally friendly finishing materials allows us to create a space where we can feel nature and to have stability and peace in the city center. In this paper, we examined the sensitivity of people to the three café spaces where wooden finishing materials are used in the space elements that change according to people's demands for environmentally friendly space due to pollution of living environment. First, we examined the wood and finishing materials and emotional vocabulary through literature review and previous research. Second, the values of L ^*, a ^*, b^* and sR, sG and sB values were extracted by using a line spectrophotometer (Ci6X). Third, we conducted a 7 - point scale questionnaire based on the extracted 13 pairs of emotional vocabulary. Using SPSS 21, frequency analysis by descriptive statistics, crossover analysis by visiting purpose and intention, and emotional lexical factor analysis were performed. Through the study, the following points were found. First, CB (The Coffee Bean), SB (Starbucks) and HS (Hollys Coffee) showed differences in CB (65%), SB (40%) and HS (37%) in the spatial analysis. Second, CB gave color similar to the color of wall and furniture wood, but HS changed the color or brightness of wood finishing color of furniture. HS or SB showed favorable use of wood color scheme. Third, SB (26.3%) and HS (19.7%) were selected by taste. Fourth, there were differences in the items of CB, 'local-exotic' and SB 'dark-bright' in the factor value. The use of wood finishing materials differed in the atmosphere evaluation depending on the spatial factors and the color of the furniture. However, in this study, there are many factors that are insufficient in the accuracy of the ratio of the applied wood finishing material to the space element and the amount of the survey. If we further study the evaluation of emotional image according to the ratio of wood finishing materials, we think that it is necessary to study now that interest in environmentally friendly is increasing.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2010

Morphological characteristics of hemp fiber were investigated using a light microscope in order to provide fundamental data for the use of hemp as a papermaking law material. Phloem of hemp is composed of cortical parenchyma cells and bast fiber with thick walls while xylem is composed of vessel, wood fiber and ray parenchyma cells. Also there are solitary pore and radial pore multiple which exist in diffuse porous pattern. Ray cells consist of uniseriate rays and thin walled ray parenchyma cells. Wood fibers are composed of three types: a large diameter fiber with longer length; a large diameter fiber with shorter length; a small diameter fiber with medium length. Vessel elements are composed of: a medium length one; a longer length one; the one whose both end walls have ligules or tails. Parenchyma cells in xylem and pit parenchyma cells have completely different size and shape. For bast fiber, the average length is about 4.4 mm and the width is about $30.5\;{\mu}m$; for vessel element, $600.0\;{\mu}m$ in length and $493.6\;{\mu}m$ in width; for wood fiber, $1000\;{\mu}m$ and $38.9\;{\mu}m$; for parenchyma cell, $50\;{\mu}m$ and $26.4\;{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2017

A string wallcovering is a kind of textile wallcovering which is made of cellulose fiber yarn laminated on base paper. Compared with normal paper or PVC wallpaper, a string wallcovering is preferred continually in the interior design market, as it is not only environmentally friendly but it also has less cost on mass production without the weaving process and has a natural visual effect, excellent functionality such as thermo keeping, permeability, sound absorption. However, in the dyeing process, it is not appropriate to use plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals considering the environmental trend and the government policy plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals. Currently, a string wallcovering is made of raw white yarn and padding with direct dye or pigment which includes toxic elements, especially the use of direct dye is restricted in a part of the developed country due to inclusion of azo. In this study, we researched dyeing based on cold pad batch dyeing of a string wallcovering with reactive dyestuff. The peel strength and bending depth test confirmed that the optimum adhesive type and spread amount improved the water resistance of the string wallcovering. Also, pad batch dyeing with optimum reactive dyestuff enhanced the color fastness to light and rubbing in dry and wet conditions. Additionally, for improvement of color fastness to rubbing in a wet condition, the additional treatment finishing without soaping process which is used water. The results of this study can be used as basic data for environmentally friendly and energy saving of the textile wallcovering.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2015

This study analyzes the domestic kindergarten attached to elementary school, and that is to present the basic data to be established in the future on the basis of the problems seen in kindergarten attached to elementary school analysis of construction planning. For this study, selecting 10 kindergartens in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, and the selected spatial configuration of kindergarten. And then, analyzes Space Organization, Circulation Plan, Area Distribution, Spatial Hierarchy of them. The results were as follows. 1) The current kindergarten attached to elementary school is associated with the most elementary building planes are independent. 2) Most of them don't have space for secondary activities such as playroom or hallway space between the classrooms and the entrance. 3) Interior space is composed of educational space, service space, administrative space. 4) Kindergarten attached to elementary school should plan increase the area because it is small scale there are a lot of dead space. 5) The main users of kindergarten children should be planned simultaneously in a space that is used along with the teacher. Such a kindergarten attached to elementary school in order to be implemented in construction and environmental characteristics of the kindergarten curriculum developers and juxtaposition of kindergarten teachers and architects such exchanges should be made a doctor of the tripartite briskly.