• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 대형 구조물의 감시를 위한 새로운 광섬유 경사계를 제시한다. 이 경사계 시스템은 센서 헤드, 광 조절부 그리고 신호처리부로 이루어진다. 또한 본 시스템은 무아레 프린지 현상의 원리를 이용하며 광섬유라는 새로운 광측정 장치를 적용하였다. 이를 통해, 센서 시스템은 가격이 저렴하고 전자기학 잡음에 강하며 설치가 용이해 졌다. 실제로 본 논문에서는 저비용의 광전자 구동 시스템을 포함한 실제 시제품을 성공적으로 개발하였다. 그리고 실제 실험을 통해 센서의 선형성을 포함한 성능을 검증하였고 이를 통해 실제 토목구조물의 처짐각을 측정할 수 있는 광섬유 경사계 시스템으로서의 가능성과 성능을 입증하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1159-1160
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• 2006

As the grid-connected photovoltaic power conditioning systems (PVPCS) are installed in many residential areas, this has raised potential problems of network protection on electrical power system. One of the numerous problems is an Island phenomenon. There has been an argument that because the probability of islanding is extremely low it may be a non-issue in practice. However, there are three counter-arguments: First, the low probability of islanding is based on the assumption of 100% power matching between the PVPCS and the islanded local loads. In fact, an island can be easily formed even without 100% power matching (the power mismatch could be up to 30% if only traditional protections are used, e.g. under/over voltage/frequency). The 30% power-mismatch condition will drastically increase the islanding probability. Second, even with a larger power mismatch, the time for voltage or frequency to deviate sufficient to cause a trip, plus the time required to execute the trip (particularly if conventional switchgear is required to operate), can easily be greater than the typical re-close time on the distribution circuit. And, third, the low-probability argument is based on the study of PVPCS. Especially, if the output power of PVPCS equals to power consumption of local loads, it is very difficult for the PVPCS to sustain the voltage and frequency in an island. Unintentional islanding of PVPCS may result in power-quality issues, interference to grid-protection devices, equipment damage, and even personnel safety hazards. So the verification of anti-islanding performance is strongly needed. In this paper, the authors propose the improved RPV method through considering power quality and anti-islanding capacity of grid-connected three-phase PVPCS in IEEE Std 1547 ("Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources to Electric Power Systems"). And the simulation and experimental results are verified.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.873-887
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• 2015

The springing response of a large blunt ship was considered to be influenced by a second order interaction between the incoming irregular wave and the blunt geometry of the forebody of the ship. Little efforts have been made to simulate this complicated fluid-structure interaction phenomenon under irregular waves considering the second order effect; hence, the above mentioned premise still remains unproven. In this paper, efforts were made to quantify the second order effect between the wave and vibrating flexible ship structure by analyzing the experimental data obtained through the model basin test of the scaled-segmented model of a large blunt ship. To achieve this goal, the measured vertical bending moment and the wave elevation time history were analyzed using a higher order spectral analysis technique, where the quadratic interaction between the excitation and response was captured by the cross bispectrum of two randomly oscillating variables. The nonlinear response of the vibrating hull was expressed in terms of a quadratic Volterra series assuming that the wave excitation is Gaussian. The Volterra series was then orthogonalized using Barrett's procedure to remove the interference between the kernels of different orders. Both the linear and quadratic transfer functions of the given system were then derived based on a Fourier transform of the orthogonalized Volterra series. Finally, the response was decomposed into a linear and quadratic part to determine the contribution of the second order effect using the obtained linear and quadratic transfer functions of the system, combined with the given wave spectrum used in the experiment. The contribution of the second order effect on the springing response of the analyzed ship was almost comparable to the linear one in terms of its peak power near the resonance frequency.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2016

풍진동(Wind-induced vibration)은 바람에 의해 구조물에 진동이 발생하는 현상으로써 세장비가 큰 열기기 Stack 설계시 고려해야 할 중요한 사항이다. 따라서, 국제 규격에는 풍진동에 대한 설계 인자와 각 범위에 대해 필요한 고려 사항을 정의하고 있다. 규격에 의한 설계 검증은 몇몇 인자를 이용하여 간단하게 확인이 가능하다는 장점이 있는 반면, 실제 풍진동에 의한 영향을 정량적으로 평가하지 않기 때문에 실제 필요한 것보다 과도한 설계를 요구할 수 있다는 단점이 있다. 또한 여러 제약조건으로 Code 상의 요구조건을 만족하지 못하는 경우 실제 시스템의 거동을 예측할 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 점을 보완하기 위해 CFD 와 FEM 등의 수치적 해석 방법을 통해 풍진동이 실제 Stack에 미치는 영향을 해석하여 설계 적정성을 검증하여 Code 상의 요구 조건과 비교하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.580-594
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• 2015

Liquid sloshing in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) rectangular tanks is simulated by using a level set method based on the finite volume method. In order to examine the effect of natural frequency modes on liquid sloshing, we considered a wide range of frequency ratios ($0.5{\leq}fr{\leq}3.2$). The frequency ratio is defined by the ratio of the excitation frequency to the natural frequency of the fluid, and covers natural frequency modes from 1 to 5. When fr = 1, which corresponds to the first mode of the natural frequency, strong liquid sloshing reveals roof impact, and significant forces are generated by the liquid in the tank. The liquid flows are mainly unidirectional. Thus, the strong bulk motion of the fluid contributes to a higher elevation of the free surface. However, at fr = 2, the sloshing is considerably suppressed, resulting in a calm wave with relatively lower elevation of the free surface, since the waves undergo destructive interference. At fr = 2, the lower peak of the free surface elevation occurs. At higher modes of $fr_3$, $fr_4$, and $fr_5$, the free surface reveals irregular deformation with nonlinear waves in every case. However, the deformation of the free surface becomes weaker at higher natural frequency modes. Finally, 3-D simulations confirm our 2-D results.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2019

This study presents an experimental investigation of the wear and oxidation of the bristles of a brush seal in a super-heated steam environment. We construct a model reflecting normal force and radial interference to predict the amount of wear. To monitor the volume loss of the bristle induced by the swirl phenomenon of the rotor, we measure the clearance between the rotor and the brush seal by using a non-contact 3-D device. We calculate the area by using the area-wise measurement method. Considering the obvious brush seal wear variables, we use two disks with different roughness($Ra=0.1{\mu}m$ and $100{\mu}m$) to determine the effect of roughness on wear. Considering an actual steam turbine, we utilize a steam generator and super-heater to generate a working fluid (0.95MPa, 523.15K) that has high kinetic energy. We observe the abrasion of the bristles in the hot steam environment through a scanning electron microscope image. This study also conducted energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for a qualitative evaluation of local chemistry. The results indicate that the wear and elimination of bristles occur on the disk with high roughness, and the weight increases due to oxidation. Furthermore these results, reveal that the bristle oxidation is accelerated more under super-heated steam conditions than under conditions without steam.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2021

Using a multi-array needle module developed for coating of high-density cylindrical microlens array (C-MLA), we have fabricated an anti-Moiré filter for LED screens. The Moiré phenomenon appears due to the interference between the array pattern of image sensors in a camera and the non-emission area (grid pattern) of a LED screen. To suppress it, we have employed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and coated it on a glass substrate in the form of a grid and non-grid (parallel lines). We have rotated the needle module in order to increase the number of C-MLAs. With this scheme, we have fabricated the 150 mm × 150 mm anti-Moiré filters where 836 microlens lines are formed. They show the average width of 255.4 ㎛, the average distance between CMLs of 94.6 ㎛, and C-MLA width non-uniformity of 4.7%. We have shown that the Moiré patterns still appear in the presence of the parallel (non-grid)-type filter, whereas they disappeared completely by the grid-type filter. It is due to the fact that the Moiré patterns are diffused more effectively by the grid-type C-MLA.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1428-1433
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• 2019

국내 재난 사고의 기술동향 중 산악사고에 대한 관심 또한 지속적으로 증가 추세에 있다. 사고 발생 시 보편적인 방법으로는 스마트폰을 이용한 위치 추적 및 사고신고 등이며, 이를 이용하여 구조 활동을 진행 하고 있으나, 산악지역의 특성상 음영현상의 발생하는 구역에 대한 해결책이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 447 MHz 대역 FSK방식을 이용한 무선 통신 기반 산행 안전 휴대 시스템을 제시하였다. 447 MHz 대역 송·수신기를 이용하여 이상 현상 발생 시 위치 전송 및 구조 신호 전송을 통한 위치좌표 전송 및 데이터를 축적하며, 송신자가 설정된 구역범위의 임계치를 벗어날 경우 위험 경고 알림을 발생하여 위험지역을 신속히 벗어날 수 있는 서비스를 제공한다. 또한 송신자의 건강 상태를 지속적으로 체크하여, 지정된 임계치를 상위 할 경우 수신자에게 경고를 함으로, 송신자의 재난에 대응할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

The governing equation for a dome-type shallow spatial truss subjected to a transverse load is expressed in the form of the Duffing equation, and it can be derived by considering geometrical non-linearity. When this model under constant load exceeds the critical level, unstable behavior is appeared. This phenomenon changes sensitively as the number of free-nodes increases or depends on the imperfection of the system. When the load is a periodic function, more complex behavior and low critical levels can be expected. Thus, the dynamic unstable behavior and the change in the critical point of the 3-free-nodes space truss system were analyzed in this work. The 4-th order Runge-Kutta method was used in the system analysis, while the change in the frequency domain was analyzed through FFT. The sinusoidal wave and the beating wave were utilized as the periodic load function. This unstable situation was observed by the case when all nodes had same load vector as well as by the case that the load vector had slight difference. The results showed the critical buckling level of the periodic load was lower than that of the constant load. The value is greatly influenced by the period of the load, while a lower critical point was observed when it was closer to the natural frequency in the case of a linear system. The beating wave, which is attributed to the interference of the two frequencies, exhibits slightly more behavior than the sinusoidal wave. And the changing of critical level could be observed even with slight changes in the load vector.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

본 연구는 구조물이 하중과 외부요인으로부터 피해를 받을 경우 구조물의 안정성을 판단하기 위해서 발생하는 변위를 측정하는 방법론을 제시하고 실험을 통한 검증을 보여준다. 변위측정은 모아레의 원리를 이용 하였으며 이를 통해 구조물의 미세한 변위를 증폭하여 관찰 할 수 있다. 실험은 실제 현장의 파이프 서포트와 동일한 지름의 파이프를 사용하였으며 파이프가 수평으로 움직인다는 가정하에 파이프의 수평 변위에 따른 모아레 간섭무늬의 수직 변위를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 파이프의 수평 변위와 간섭무늬의 수직 변위의 선형 관계를 확인하고 관계식을 도출하였다. 추가적으로 카메라를 이용한 방법론을 적용하기 위해 수직부재와 카메라 사이의 거리에 따른 간섭무늬 변위의 관계식을 도출하여 카메라의 위치에 상관없이 방법론을 적용할 수 있게 하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 제시한 방법론을 통해 카메라를 이용하여 거리에 상관없이 다수의 수직부재 변위를 동시에 측정하고 구조물의 안전성을 판단하여 붕괴를 감지할 수 있다.