• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.262-268
• /
• 2003

하이브리드 복합재료(Hybrid composite)의 모드 I 층간파괴인성치에 영영향 주는 인자 중 적층순서, 하중점변위율, 초기크랙길이를 변화 시켰을 때의 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) CF/CF, CF/GF, GF/GF로 적층하였을 경우 층간파괴인성치값은 서로 같은 계면을 성형한 것보다 서로 다른 계면을 적층한 CF/GF 의 경우가 강도면에서 가장 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다. (2) 하중점변위율을 0.2, 2, 20mm/min로 변화하였을 때, 미세한 변동은 있었으나, 허중점변위율의 영향은 거의 받지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. (3) 초기크랙을 25, 30, 35, 40, 50mm로 변화시켰을 때 초기크랙길이의 영향은 일정하지 않았다. CF/CF인 경우는 초기크랙이 짧은 경우, CF/GF, GF/GF인 경우는 초기크랙이 긴 경우에 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이것은 GF 섬유가 직조형태의 프리프레그로 되어 있어 크랙의 진전에 따라 섬유부스러기 등의 생성에 따른 영향이라고 생각된다. (4) 적층순서에 따라 파면의 섬유 분포 형태가 달랐으며, CF/GF인 경우가 섬유의 파손형태가 가장 복잡하게 나타났으며, 이것이 높은 층간파괴인성치를 나타내는 원인이라고 판단된다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.467-474
• /
• 2020

고분자태양전지는 용액공정에 의한 생산이 가능하여, 경량, 저비용, 기계적 유연성 및 고효율과 같은 많은 이점이 있다. 이들은 지난 수십 년 동안 많은 관심을 끌어왔다. 공액 고분자 전해질(conjugated polymer electrolyte, CPE) 및 비공액 고분자 전해질(non-conjugated polymer electrolyte, NPE) 재료는 기존의 금속 산화물 중간층과 관련된 일반적인 약점(전하 수집능력 저하 및 금속/고분자 계면에서의상용성 저하 등)을 극복하기 위해 사용되었다. 그러나 CPE의 합성은 매우 복잡한 합성과정이 필요하며, 대량합성이 어려운 단점이 있다. 따라서 상대적으로 합성이 용이한 NPE를 개발 혹은 기존에 개발되어 있는 NPE를 이용하면 보다 쉽게 단점을 극복할 수 있다. 이온 그룹이 포함되어 있는 경우 NPE는 특히 고분자 태양전지를 구현함에 있어 많은 이점을 제공할 수 있으며, 이에 본 총설에서는 그 동안 개발 혹은 응용되었던 NPE에 대한 내용을 다루었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 건축물의 외피를 통해 손실되는 냉난방 에너지를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안으로써, 구조용 콘크리트에 단열성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 할로마이크로스피어 (Hollow Micro Sphere, 이하 HMS)를 사용하였다. 중공구조의 마이크로 크기의 입자인 HMS를 사용한 콘크리트를 실험한 결과는 아래와 같다. HMS의 사용으로 인해 슬럼프에 감소가 나타나 고성능감수제의 사용이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 공기량은 HMS의 치환율이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 압축강도는 HMS의 계면부착력이 형성되지 않는 것에 기인하여 치환율 증가에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 열전도율과 단위용적질량은 치환율이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 열전도율은 보통콘크리트 약 30.0~46.5% 감소한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 1986

This study was undertaken to understand the formation mechanism of the hard spots in high strength brass. To investigate the behavior of the hard spots in the isothermal liquid state with varying silicon content, the rapidly quenched specimens were obtained by suctioning the melt into the silica tube and water quenching. To examine the growth process of the hard spots with holding time, the unidirectional solidification technique was used. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) With the addition of Fe in order to get the effects of grain refinement in high strength brass, the two different type of Fe-rich phases are occurred, which are defined as dendritic and globular phase. The chemical composition of the globular phase was different from that of the dendritic phase in that the globular phase contained Si. 2) With increasing Si content, the Fe-rich phase had a tendency to form globular phase. 3) As the holding time increased in the liquid state, globular was also prone to coalesce. The further growth of globular phase to large size was due to reducing the interfacial energy. 4) The primary phase of copper alloy was nucleated preferentially on the dendritic phase. It was noticeable that the dendritic phase acted as a grain refiner. However, the agglomerate (hard spots) which was composed of the globular phase decreased the mechanical properties of high strength brass. 5) Once the hard spots formed in the high strength brass casting, it was very difficult to remove them. This is due to the fact that their meting temperature is higher than the pouring temperature of high strength brass.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.1137-1144
• /
• 2013

$TiO_2$ composites with seven different carbon materials (activated carbons, graphite, carbon fibers, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, and reduced graphene oxides) that are virgin or treated with nitric acid are prepared through an evaporation method. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples are evaluated in terms of $H_2$ production from aqueous methanol solution (photo-catalytic reduction: PCR) and degradation of aqueous pollutants (phenol, methylene blue, and rhodamine B) (photocatalytic oxidation: PCO) under AM 1.5-light irradiation. Despite varying effects depending on the kinds of carbon materials and their surface treatment, composites typically show enhanced PCR activity with maximum 50 times higher $H_2$ production as compared to bare $TiO_2$. Conversely, the carbon-induced synergy effects on PCO activities are insignificant for all three substrates. Colorimetric quantification of hydroxyl radicals supports the absence of carbon effects. However, platinum deposition on the binary composites displays the enhanced effect on both PCR and PCO reactions. These differing effects of carbon materials on PCR and PCO reactions of $TiO_2$ are discussed in terms of physicochemical properties of carbon materials, coupling states of $TiO_2$/carbon composites, interfacial charge transfers. Various surface characterizations of composites (UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, SEM, FTIR, surface area, electrical conductivity, and photoluminescence) are performed to gain insight on their photocatalytic redox behaviors.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.398-404
• /
• 2001

SiC 보강재 표면에 도금된 Cu금속층이 Al/SiC복합재료의 젖음성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 보강재에 대한 금속층의 도금은 무전해도금법을 이용하였으며, Al/SiC 복합재료의 제조는 텅스텐 발열체 진공로의$ 670^{\circ}C$~$900^{\circ}C$에서 제조하여 보강재와 기지간의 접촉부위를 촬영하여 젖음성을 측정하였다 젖음성 측정 결과 보강재에 도금된 Cu층은 젖음성을 향상시켰고, 젖음성의 개선은 보강재에 도금된 금속층과 기지간의 반응에 의해 계면에너지를 변화시킴으로서 나타난 결과이며. 반응을 통한 산화피막의 배제도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2014

The effects of printed circuit board electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) and organic solderability preservative (OSP) surface finishes on the electromigration reliability and shear strength of Sn-3.5Ag Pb-free solder bump were systematically investigated. In-situ annealing tests were performed in a scanning electron microscope chamber at 130, 150, and $170^{\circ}C$ in order to investigate the growth kinetics of intermetallic compound (IMC). Electromigration lifetime and failure modes were investigated at $150^{\circ}C$ and $1.5{\times}10^5A/cm^2$, while ball shear tests and failure mode analysis were conducted under the high-speed conditions from 10 mm/s to 3000 mm/s. The activation energy of ENIG and OSP surface finishes during annealing were evaluated as 0.84 eV and 0.94 eV, respectively. The solder bumps with ENIG surface finish showed longer electromigration lifetime than OSP surface finish. Shear strengths between ENIG and OSP were similar, and the shear energies decreased with increasing shear speed. Failure analysis showed that electrical and mechanical reliabilities were very closely related to the interfacial IMC stabilities.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 2001

폴리프로필렌(PP)/폴리우레탄(PU) 블렌드를 compositional quenching으로 제조하여 모폴로지, 인장물성, 표면에너지 그리고 열안정성 등을 조사하였다. 블렌드 제조시, 말레인산 무수물이 그라프트된 PP(MPP)와 히드록시에틸 말레이미드가 그라프트된 PP(HPP)를 반응성 상용화제로 도입하였으며, 이들의 생성 및 PU 조성과의 반응을 FT-IR로 확인하였다. Compositional quenching으로 제조한 블렌드는 용융블렌드에 비해 높은 혼화성을 보였으며, 블렌드내의 상용화제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 모폴로지, 인장물성. 표면특성, 그리고 열안정성 등의 물성이 현저하게 향상되었다. 상용화제로 MPP를 도입한 블렌드는 HPP를 도입한 블렌드에 비해, 높은 표면 에너지를 가졌다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Physical and chemical properties of gold is most suitable to be restored of teeth to its original state. Recently zirconia was used instead of gold because of esthetical and intimacy of human body. Because of high strength and high abrasion resistance of zirconia, all zirconia artificial tooth lead to wear the original tooth of opposite site. To preserve this original tooth, zirconia artificial tooth covered with dental ceramic glass was used. When joining the zirconia core and dental ceramic glass, difference of their thermal expansion coefficient and wetting ability is generated the residual stress at interface lead to crack. In order to solve this problem, intermediate layer what is called zir-liner was imported to decrease the residual stress and increase the bonding strength. Methods: In this study, to identify the optimum conditions for manufacturing process, various methods to rough the surface of zirconia core were adopted, and vary the thickness of interlayer, and analyzed bond strength. Results: Bond strength of sanding specimens group showed higher than that of non-sanding specimens group, and once applied intermediate layer with sanding specimens showed highest bond strength with 28 MPa. SEM photomicrographs of zirconia cores fired at $1500^{\circ}C$ showed parallel straight lines in sanding and pockmarked surface in blasting surfaces as abrasion traces. Observation of the destruction section after shear test by SEM were carried out. Liner applied non-sanding group and non-liner applied sanding group all showed interfacial crack. Sandblasting group with non-liner showed remained dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. Sandblasting group with once applied liner showed partially remained liner and dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. XRD analysis revealed that sandblasting group showed higher monoclinic peaks than other specimens group and this result was due to the high collision energy for stress induced phase transformation. Conclusions: A study on the improvement of bonding strength between zirconia and dental ceramic glass steadily carried out for the future to practical use.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 2003

Using Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$.$_2$Cu$_3$ $O_{x}$ powders prepared by solid state reaction and spray drying method, the nucleation and growth behaviors of superconducting and second phases were investigated during isothermal heat treatment. When the spray drying power was used in contrast with solid state reaction powder, Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$.$_2$Cu$_3$ $O_{x}$ (2223) phase could be formed at the relatively shot time and second phases were much bigger. Quantitative analysis showed that as the heat treatment time increased, more Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$.$_2$Cu$_3$ $O_{x}$ (2212) changed to 2223 and the major second phase was changed from (Sr,Ca)$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$ $O_{x}$(14:24) to (Sr,Ca)$_2$Cu$_1$ $O_{x}$ (2:l). The superconducting phase formed at the relatively short time 14:24 phase. Following the Bi-free phase of 14:24 Phase, but long time was needed in places far from the 14:24 phase. Following the formation of the 2212 phase near the 14:24 phase, the 2223 phase nucleated preferentially at the interface between the 2212 and 14:24 phases. The preferential nuclcation of 2223 was explained by its structural similarity and low Interfacial energy with both the Bi-free and 2212 Phases.12 Phases.