• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2017

Purpose - To control exorbitant interest rates, implementation of an interest rate ceiling is a standard practice in microfinance. However, there are pros and cons of such market intervention. Hence, the aim of this short note is to highlight issues and challenges regarding the interest rate cap in microfinance, both from the perspective of clients and institutions. Research design, data, and methodology - While the nature of this short note is explanatory and descriptive, the research methodology used relevant data from the MixMarket and Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA) annual reports in Bangladesh. Results - We argue that an interest rate ceiling is detrimental both for the clients and microfinance institutions (MFIs). This market intervention substantially reduces the outreach of MFIs and clients are most likely to pay a higher price in the long-run. Additionally, an interest rate cap also puts severe pressure on new-born and high-cost MFIs to cope with the interest rate ceiling. Conclusions - Although market intervention may be necessary in the short-run, it should not be the ultimate solution to abate high interest in microfinance. Understanding the operational dynamics of MFIs, as well as promoting productivity, efficiency and competition could help to lower the interest rates.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.923-929
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• 2010

We have discovered some parametics $\lambda$ in the Black-Scholes equation which depend on the interest rate $\gamma$ and the Volatility $\sigma$ and later is named the parametic interest. On studying the parametic interest $\lambda$, we found that such $\lambda$ gives the sufficient condition for the existence of solutions of the Black-Scholes equation which is either weak or strong solutions.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.594-608
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• 2010

이 연구는 중학생의 생명현상 관찰활동에서 과학적 흥미가 발생하는 요인을 추출하고, 추출한 요인이 과학적 흥미의 발생에 영향을 주는 정도를 검증한 것이다. 흥미발생요인을 추출하기 위해 중학교 3학년을 대상으로 4차시 분량의 관찰활동 프로그램을 투입하였고, 관찰활동에 참여한 학생 중 과학적 흥미가 높았던 학생을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였다. 면담 결과를 응답 유형별로 분류하여 21가지의 흥미발생요인을 추출하였다. 추출한 흥미발생요인은 크게 관찰대상의 특성, 관찰활동의 특성, 관찰결과의 특성, 관찰자의 특성, 외적 요인의 특성 등 5가지로 범주화하였다. 이렇게 추출한 흥미발생요인이 관찰활동에서 과학적 흥미의 발생에 영향을 주는지 검증해 보았다. 우선, 추출한 흥미발생요인이 관찰활동에서 흥미의 발생에 영향을 준 정도를 확인하기 위하여 흥미발생요인 조사지를 작성하였다. 중학교 3학년을 대상으로 4차시 분량의 관찰활동 프로그램을 실시한 후 흥미발생요인 조사지를 투입하였다. 흥미발생요인 조사지의 응답 결과를 분석하여 각각의 요인이 흥미의 발생에 영향을 준 정도의 차이를 확인해 보았다. 그 결과, 추출한 21개의 요인은 과학적 흥미의 발생에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 흥미롭지 않은 관찰활동에 대한 원인 분석이 가능하며 흥미로운 관찰활동 프로그램을 개발하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.160-171
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• 2007

This research studied men's cosmetics purchasing behavior based on the level of interest one has in one's appearance, the country of origin, and the sales promotion of the cosmetics. The study was conducted by experimental $2{\times}[2{\times}2]$ design by combining the 3 variables mentioned above. The Independent variables in this research were levels of appearance interest(high vs. low), the country of origin(Korean vs. foreign), and types of sales promotion(discount vs. coupon). The dependent variables were the purchase behaviors including favor to cosmetics and purchase intent. Two hundred male consumers participated for the study. Data analysis conducted were factor analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. Male consumers' cosmetics favorness: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion, was found for favor to male cosmetics. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't reveal significant differences in favor, regardless of the level of appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male subjects with high appearance interest showed more favor to the cosmetics than the ones with low appearance interest. 2. Male consumers' purchase intent: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion was found for the purchase intent. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't show significant difference in purchase intent, regardless of their appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male consumers with high appearance interest reported more purchase intent than the ones with low appearance interest.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2014

This study aimed to conduct an eye-tracking experiment carried with facade images as a medium and to do research on 'the interest of the eyes' resulted from people's gazing phenomena. This study secured gazing data which appeared according to visual response and analyzed gazing phenomena to find the basic theory of 'the interest of the eyes' as a methodological role, which consumer interest and attention could be grafted when a plan and a design for space design was made. Data terms used in eye-tracking backgrounds and the movement of the eyes were investigated in literature review. Twenty (20) facade images were selected through a case study to get experimental stimuli for the related experiment. Thirty (30) subjects (men and women) suitable for the experiment were recruited to conduct an eye-tracking experiment. After the experiment, five (5) areas were set up in the facade image to identify the focus level of interest and attention. The level of interest and focus was connected to the interest of the eyes. The analysis to study the interest of the eyes was based on nine (9) items such as sequence, entry time, dwell time, hit ratio, revisits, revisitors, average fixation, first fixation and fixation count. Through gaze analysis, the following conclusion was drawn about the 'interest level of sight' for gaze frequency. The interest level can be interpreted to be higher for faster sequence, shorter entry time, longer all fixation(ms) for dwell time, faster all saccade(%), higher hit ratio, more revisits, more revisitors, longer average fixation, faster and longer first fixation, and more fixation count, and the person can be said to have felt interest faster and/or more.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.878-887
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• 2002

This study was to explore lived experience of middle-aged women with aging. The ultimate purpose of this inquiry was to discover the essence of middle-aged women's experience of aging and to promote understanding. Method: This inquiry was performed by using Van Manen's hermeneutical phenomenological approach to make more plausible interpretation of experience. First-handed experiences were explored through multi-stage in-depth interview with 6 women aged between 40 and 64. Second- handed experiences were explored with text such as essay, novel, and photographs. Result: As the process of reflecting and analysing the data of experience were performed, essential themes were emerged: striking onset of event, discomfort and tired body and mind, everything in ones mind, age of harvest gaining much more than loss. Conclusion: This inquiry would be a cornerstone for humanistic nursing care for the mid-aged women.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1647-1657
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• 2010

This study examines underwear purchase behaviors and the attitude of male consumers based on the degree of interest in appearance. Data research was conducted on 296 males in their 20s and 30s located in Seoul & Gyeonggi province. The SPSS 17.0 software program was used to conduct data analyses such as descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, and $\chi^2$-test. The results of this study are as follows: The degree of interest in appearance was identified with four factors; outfit management, confidence of figure, interest in clothing, weight control, and disinterest in appearance. Customers were segmented into two subdivisions: high and low interest in appearance. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear purchase motive included aesthetic, impulsiveness, and practicality. The purchase behavior of the group with high interest in appearance was highly motivated by aesthetics and impulsiveness. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear attitude included fashionability, comfortableness, and quality. Customers were segmented into the following three subdivisions: pursuit of comfortableness, pursuit of diversity, and normal. The type of high interest in appearance regarded fashionability and quality highly. Finally, the degree of interest in appearance showed significant relevance in purchase motive and underwear attitude for underwear.

• 복식
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediate effect of gender on the differences of consumers grouped by the level of fashion interest. Data was collected from 280 men and women of their twentieth and analyzed using crosstab analysis, ANOVA, scheff'e test, x$^{2}$ test, and regression. The results are as follows. First, high interest groups showed little difference in the clothing shopping orientation and showed significant differences in the clothing purchasing behaviors(visiting store, time spent for shopping, and monthly clothing expenditure) between men and women. Second, low interest groups showed a lot of differences in both the clothing shopping orientation and the clothing purchasing behaviors between men and women. Third, several dimensions of clothing shopping orientation were more influenced from fashion interest level rather than the gender of consumers, and other several dimensions, visiting store, and the time spent for shopping were more influenced from gender rather than fashion interest level. These results imply that the gender of consumer has mediate effect on the behaviors of consumers grouped by the level of fashion interest, and the consumers of same fashion interest level must be approached concerning the gender of consumers.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제3호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1994

Increasing interest and providing educational experience for the public have long been a major ARt Museum goal. This interest raises the question of how visitors respond to museum exhibits. Much researches have been done which indicate the newer and more interactive exhibits are indeed more didactic and enjoyable than conventional exhibits. This study examined the effectiveness of art exhibits which display information about the creative process of developing a work art along with the final work of art to test if they results in more viewer interest and greater appreciation of the final work of art than those which display only the final work of art. In the early part of the 1991 spring, a counterblancing AB/BA quasi-experiment was carried out in the Jhnson Museum of Art, Cornell University. Methods used to collect and measure visitory interest and appreciation were unobtrusive observation and survey questionnaire. As the indirect measurement of visitor interest, attracting power and holding power were measured by unobstrusive observation of visitor time spent, while the direct measurement of visitor interest and appreciation, visitor's interest, understanding , and degree of favorableness were measured by survey questinnaire. Data analysis reached conclusion that the process approach fine art exhibit designs significantly resulted in more viewer interest and greater appreciation of art work than the conventional fine art exhibit design.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.235-253
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• 2000

As to the sphere of application, Article 78 CISG undoubtedly applies to interest on the purchase price. Furthermore, the provision also applies to "any other sum that is in arrears". This language has been interpreted to encompass expenses that one party had on behalf of the other as well as reimbursements when the purchase price is reduced according to Article 50 CISG. However, it is questionable whether this language also extends to claims for damages. Legal scholars seem to agree that one has a right to interest on damage claims under Article 78 if the amount in question has been liquidated vis-a-vis the other party. Whether this right to interest also applies to unliquidated sums, is controversial, however. In this study, as a result of taking into account the puspose of Article 78, we could find the fact that regardless of whether the exact amount of damages has been specified yet, the breaching party still owes compensation to the other party from the time of the breach and, accordingly, the non-breaching party should be entitled to interest payments on the loss from that time. Consequently, Article 78 applies not only to liquidated but also to unliquidated damages.