• Title/Summary/Keyword: Interest

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Interest Rate Caps in Microfinance: Issues and Challenges

  • Mia, Md Aslam
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.19-22
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    • 2017
  • Purpose - To control exorbitant interest rates, implementation of an interest rate ceiling is a standard practice in microfinance. However, there are pros and cons of such market intervention. Hence, the aim of this short note is to highlight issues and challenges regarding the interest rate cap in microfinance, both from the perspective of clients and institutions. Research design, data, and methodology - While the nature of this short note is explanatory and descriptive, the research methodology used relevant data from the MixMarket and Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA) annual reports in Bangladesh. Results - We argue that an interest rate ceiling is detrimental both for the clients and microfinance institutions (MFIs). This market intervention substantially reduces the outreach of MFIs and clients are most likely to pay a higher price in the long-run. Additionally, an interest rate cap also puts severe pressure on new-born and high-cost MFIs to cope with the interest rate ceiling. Conclusions - Although market intervention may be necessary in the short-run, it should not be the ultimate solution to abate high interest in microfinance. Understanding the operational dynamics of MFIs, as well as promoting productivity, efficiency and competition could help to lower the interest rates.

ON THE PARAMETIC INTEREST OF THE BLACK-SCHOLES EQUATION

  • Kananthai, Amnuay
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.28 no.3_4
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    • pp.923-929
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    • 2010
  • We have discovered some parametics $\lambda$ in the Black-Scholes equation which depend on the interest rate $\gamma$ and the Volatility $\sigma$ and later is named the parametic interest. On studying the parametic interest $\lambda$, we found that such $\lambda$ gives the sufficient condition for the existence of solutions of the Black-Scholes equation which is either weak or strong solutions.

Analysis of the Factors that Generate Scientific Interest in Middle School Students' Observation Activity on Life Phenomenon (중학생의 생명현상 관찰활동에서 과학적 흥미 발생 요인 분석)

  • Yu, Kyung-Jin;Chun, Jae-Sun;Jeong, Jin-Su
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.594-608
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    • 2010
  • This research attempts to extract the factors that generate scientific interest, and verify the effect of extracted factors on the generation of scientific interest in middle school students' observation activity on life phenomenon. In order to analyze interest-generating factors, observation programs were applied four times in the science class of 3rd grade middle school students. And an interview was conducted towards students who had strong scientific interest among students who participated in the observation activity. After classifying the interview results according to the types, and 21 interest-generating factors were extracted. Interest-generating factors were classified into 5 categories; the characteristics of the observation object, the characteristics of the observation activity, the characteristics of the observation result, the characteristics of the observer, and the characteristics of the extrinsic factor. It was verified that interest-generating factors have an effect on the generation of scientific interest in the observation activity. First of all, in order to confirm whether the extracted generation factors would have an effect on the generation of interest in observation activity, as survey of interest-generating factors was drawn up. The observation activity program of 4 times' volume was applied towards third grade middle school students, and survey paper on interest-generating factor was input. Analysis result showed that factors have effect on the generation of interest. That is, it was confirmed that extracted interest-generating factor has a significant effect on the generation of scientific interest. The cause analysis on the uninteresting observation activity was possible, and it would play an essential role in developing an interesting observation activity.

Men's Cosmetics Purchasing Behavior Based on the Level of Interest in Appearance, the Country of Origin, and the Sales Promotion (외모관심도, 화장품 브랜드원산지 및 판촉유형에 따른 남성화장품 구매행동)

  • Jang, Jin-Young;Hwang, Sun-Jin;Jeon, Ho-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.57 no.6 s.115
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    • pp.160-171
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    • 2007
  • This research studied men's cosmetics purchasing behavior based on the level of interest one has in one's appearance, the country of origin, and the sales promotion of the cosmetics. The study was conducted by experimental $2{\times}[2{\times}2]$ design by combining the 3 variables mentioned above. The Independent variables in this research were levels of appearance interest(high vs. low), the country of origin(Korean vs. foreign), and types of sales promotion(discount vs. coupon). The dependent variables were the purchase behaviors including favor to cosmetics and purchase intent. Two hundred male consumers participated for the study. Data analysis conducted were factor analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. Male consumers' cosmetics favorness: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion, was found for favor to male cosmetics. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't reveal significant differences in favor, regardless of the level of appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male subjects with high appearance interest showed more favor to the cosmetics than the ones with low appearance interest. 2. Male consumers' purchase intent: 3-way significant interaction, in appearance interest, the country of origin, and types of sales promotion was found for the purchase intent. When male subjects were provided with price discounts and skin care coupons for the Korean cosmetics, they didn't show significant difference in purchase intent, regardless of their appearance interest. However, for the imported cosmetics, male consumers with high appearance interest reported more purchase intent than the ones with low appearance interest.

A Study on the Interest of the Eyes Applying Gazing Phenomena - Based on an Eye-tracking Experiment Carried with a Facade as a Medium - (주시현상을 적용한 시선의 관심도 연구 - 파사드를 매개로 한 아이트래킹 실험 중심으로 -)

  • Yeo, Mi;Lee, Chang No
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.122-131
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    • 2014
  • This study aimed to conduct an eye-tracking experiment carried with facade images as a medium and to do research on 'the interest of the eyes' resulted from people's gazing phenomena. This study secured gazing data which appeared according to visual response and analyzed gazing phenomena to find the basic theory of 'the interest of the eyes' as a methodological role, which consumer interest and attention could be grafted when a plan and a design for space design was made. Data terms used in eye-tracking backgrounds and the movement of the eyes were investigated in literature review. Twenty (20) facade images were selected through a case study to get experimental stimuli for the related experiment. Thirty (30) subjects (men and women) suitable for the experiment were recruited to conduct an eye-tracking experiment. After the experiment, five (5) areas were set up in the facade image to identify the focus level of interest and attention. The level of interest and focus was connected to the interest of the eyes. The analysis to study the interest of the eyes was based on nine (9) items such as sequence, entry time, dwell time, hit ratio, revisits, revisitors, average fixation, first fixation and fixation count. Through gaze analysis, the following conclusion was drawn about the 'interest level of sight' for gaze frequency. The interest level can be interpreted to be higher for faster sequence, shorter entry time, longer all fixation(ms) for dwell time, faster all saccade(%), higher hit ratio, more revisits, more revisitors, longer average fixation, faster and longer first fixation, and more fixation count, and the person can be said to have felt interest faster and/or more.

Lived Experience with Aging in Middle-Aged Woman (중년 여성의 노화 체험)

  • 신경림;공은숙;김귀분;김남초;김주희;김춘길;김희경;노유자;송미순
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.878-887
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    • 2002
  • This study was to explore lived experience of middle-aged women with aging. The ultimate purpose of this inquiry was to discover the essence of middle-aged women's experience of aging and to promote understanding. Method: This inquiry was performed by using Van Manen's hermeneutical phenomenological approach to make more plausible interpretation of experience. First-handed experiences were explored through multi-stage in-depth interview with 6 women aged between 40 and 64. Second- handed experiences were explored with text such as essay, novel, and photographs. Result: As the process of reflecting and analysing the data of experience were performed, essential themes were emerged: striking onset of event, discomfort and tired body and mind, everything in ones mind, age of harvest gaining much more than loss. Conclusion: This inquiry would be a cornerstone for humanistic nursing care for the mid-aged women.

Underwear Purchase Behaviors and Attitude by Degree of Interest in the Appearance of Males in Their 20s-30s (20, 30대 남성의 외모관심도에 따른 속옷 태도 및 속옷 구매)

  • Kim, Jung-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.34 no.10
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    • pp.1647-1657
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    • 2010
  • This study examines underwear purchase behaviors and the attitude of male consumers based on the degree of interest in appearance. Data research was conducted on 296 males in their 20s and 30s located in Seoul & Gyeonggi province. The SPSS 17.0 software program was used to conduct data analyses such as descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, and $\chi^2$-test. The results of this study are as follows: The degree of interest in appearance was identified with four factors; outfit management, confidence of figure, interest in clothing, weight control, and disinterest in appearance. Customers were segmented into two subdivisions: high and low interest in appearance. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear purchase motive included aesthetic, impulsiveness, and practicality. The purchase behavior of the group with high interest in appearance was highly motivated by aesthetics and impulsiveness. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear attitude included fashionability, comfortableness, and quality. Customers were segmented into the following three subdivisions: pursuit of comfortableness, pursuit of diversity, and normal. The type of high interest in appearance regarded fashionability and quality highly. Finally, the degree of interest in appearance showed significant relevance in purchase motive and underwear attitude for underwear.

The Mediate Effect of Gender on the Differences of Consumers grouped by the Level of Fashion Interest (유행 관심 수준에 따른 의복 쇼핑 성향과 의복 구매 행동에 성별이 미치는 매개적 영양)

  • Kim Sae-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.55 no.3 s.93
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    • pp.33-46
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the mediate effect of gender on the differences of consumers grouped by the level of fashion interest. Data was collected from 280 men and women of their twentieth and analyzed using crosstab analysis, ANOVA, scheff'e test, x$^{2}$ test, and regression. The results are as follows. First, high interest groups showed little difference in the clothing shopping orientation and showed significant differences in the clothing purchasing behaviors(visiting store, time spent for shopping, and monthly clothing expenditure) between men and women. Second, low interest groups showed a lot of differences in both the clothing shopping orientation and the clothing purchasing behaviors between men and women. Third, several dimensions of clothing shopping orientation were more influenced from fashion interest level rather than the gender of consumers, and other several dimensions, visiting store, and the time spent for shopping were more influenced from gender rather than fashion interest level. These results imply that the gender of consumer has mediate effect on the behaviors of consumers grouped by the level of fashion interest, and the consumers of same fashion interest level must be approached concerning the gender of consumers.

A Study on the Impact of a Process approach to Fine Art Exhibit Design on Visitor Interest and Appreciation (과정접근적 순수미술 전시가 관람자의 관심도와 감상력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김주연
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • no.3
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 1994
  • Increasing interest and providing educational experience for the public have long been a major ARt Museum goal. This interest raises the question of how visitors respond to museum exhibits. Much researches have been done which indicate the newer and more interactive exhibits are indeed more didactic and enjoyable than conventional exhibits. This study examined the effectiveness of art exhibits which display information about the creative process of developing a work art along with the final work of art to test if they results in more viewer interest and greater appreciation of the final work of art than those which display only the final work of art. In the early part of the 1991 spring, a counterblancing AB/BA quasi-experiment was carried out in the Jhnson Museum of Art, Cornell University. Methods used to collect and measure visitory interest and appreciation were unobtrusive observation and survey questionnaire. As the indirect measurement of visitor interest, attracting power and holding power were measured by unobstrusive observation of visitor time spent, while the direct measurement of visitor interest and appreciation, visitor's interest, understanding , and degree of favorableness were measured by survey questinnaire. Data analysis reached conclusion that the process approach fine art exhibit designs significantly resulted in more viewer interest and greater appreciation of art work than the conventional fine art exhibit design.

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A Study on the Sphere of Application of the Provision for Interest under the CISG (국제물품매매계약(國際物品賣買契約)에 관한 UN협약상(協約上) 이자지급규정(利子支給規定)의 적용범위(適用範圍)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Bae, Jun-Il
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.13
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    • pp.235-253
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    • 2000
  • As to the sphere of application, Article 78 CISG undoubtedly applies to interest on the purchase price. Furthermore, the provision also applies to "any other sum that is in arrears". This language has been interpreted to encompass expenses that one party had on behalf of the other as well as reimbursements when the purchase price is reduced according to Article 50 CISG. However, it is questionable whether this language also extends to claims for damages. Legal scholars seem to agree that one has a right to interest on damage claims under Article 78 if the amount in question has been liquidated vis-a-vis the other party. Whether this right to interest also applies to unliquidated sums, is controversial, however. In this study, as a result of taking into account the puspose of Article 78, we could find the fact that regardless of whether the exact amount of damages has been specified yet, the breaching party still owes compensation to the other party from the time of the breach and, accordingly, the non-breaching party should be entitled to interest payments on the loss from that time. Consequently, Article 78 applies not only to liquidated but also to unliquidated damages.

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