• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

It is well known that in the knowledge-based economy a firm's intellectual property including patent is crucial for its competitive advantage. In industrial economy, tangible assets such as land and equipment have been of critical importance for a firm's competitiveness. However, as the paradigm shift to the knowledge-base economy is being accelerated, intangible assets such as intellectual property are considered to be more influential for a firm to be competitive. The valuation of intangible asset is as necessary as that of tangible asset. In particular, reasonably accurate valuation of patent which represents a firm's technological competitiveness seems to be of great importance since (1) it is essential for a firm's patent strategy development, (2) it can activate the technology market, and (3) it is necessary to evaluate a patent's technological contribution when multiple patents are used to develop and commercialize an innovative product. Unlike that of tangible asset, the valuation of intangible asset is very difficult. In order to figure out a value of patent it is necessary to use a number of appropriate valuation factors. In this paper, we surveyed various valuation factors presented by previous researches and several technology valuation organizations to find a set of common valuation factors considered to be of more importance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.735-740
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess how accounting conservatism is practiced in the Jordanian pharmaceuticals and medical industry. It assesses the association between accounting conservatism and intellectual capital (IC) in this industry. This study measures IC performance using the market price per share less book value. Accounting conservatism is measured using the book-to-price ratio, and the data was collected from company annual reports and the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) website. The data was collected for the period of six years (2014 to 2019). The sample was made up of four companies in the industry listed in the ASE. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program though the ordinary least squares regression model to assess how accounting conservatism is associated with IC. The findings indicate a negative association with companies having higher IC performance and reporting lower accounting conservatism. IC is applied more in these companies, although it might be lower than in other companies in other sectors. This study provides empirical evidence on how IC is applied in the industry and how it might be negatively associated with accounting conservatism. Findings indicate the need for more effective policies to promote recognition of intangible assets in the sector.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-76
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• 2005

This paper aims to develop the intellectual capital (IC) indicators which are the most available for the E institution, a typical type of public research institute in Korea. In this paper, we basically adopted the "Intangible Assets Monitor" proposed by Sveiby and comprising three kinds of intellectual capital, namely human capital, internal structure capital and relationship capital, as a research framework. For this work, we firstly identified 12 categories and 27 components of intellectual capital for E institution. Next, we extracted 37 main indicators and 94 sub ones from these categories and components as a whole. As a result, it may be the first time in Korea for E institution of develop its own IC indicators which are slightly, or sometimes totally, different from ones for private companies in the perspective of their organizational attributes and characteristics.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2020

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. In this study, 21 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies have been selected as sample for 2016 and 2017. This study used the intellectual capital disclosure index developed by Rahman, Sobhan, and Islam. Return on assets and return on equity have been used as the proxy variable of firm performance. In this study, content analysis is performed to assess the level of disclosure regarding intellectual capital and pooled cross-sectional analysis is used to assess the relationship between ICD and firm performance. The study has found a positive and significant relationship between ICD and firm performance. Besides, an in-depth analysis of this study shows that all the components of ICD namely internal capital disclosure, external capital disclosure, and human capital disclosure are also positively and significantly associated with firm performance. The study suggests the development of an intellectual capital disclosure framework by the regulatory authority for mandatory compliance. This will improve the quality and quantity of ICD in the annual reports. Besides, firms should more emphasize on ICD which will help to improve their performance.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2003

The international government committee is progressing their agreements about intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge(TK), gene resource(GR), folklore(FL) in WIPO. It is in the course of selection with precedence of TK, GR, FL in WlPO, focused on discussions about listing of TK documents, standardization of DB construction, sharing and profit distribution of GR. Their are disagreements between developed countries and underdeveloped countries about intellectual property protection agreements of TK, GR. The developed countries insist on using, the existing intellectual property protections, but the underdeveloped countries ask new ones on character of TK, GR, It causes intangible assets to be valuable trade properties in future world trade. We have to make national plans to face agreements about IP of TK, GR in WIPO with our own TK, GR. We must have a basic attitude about laying down these plans such as raising national economy, considering our TK, GR to be relics of mankind culture. In addition to these, it needs accurate analysis about agreements in WIPO, our TK, GR, scientific mechanical level and capital power.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.148-163
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• 2024

With the digitalization of production and consumption environments, consumers are no longer merely targets of marketing, but key players in creating value jointly with companies by participating in various decision-making processes. Much virtual content in particular, such as fashion shows, exhibitions, games, social activities, and shopping, which fashion brands implement in virtual worlds, cannot be completed without consumers' active engagement and interaction. Thus, this study considers consumers' participation in virtual content provided by fashion brands as value co-creation in virtual worlds. This study aims to examine how consumer (i.e., consumer smartness) and fashion firm (i.e., perceived intellectual capital) factors influence value co-creation behavior intention in virtual worlds. Data were collected from 410 consumers in their 20s nationwide through an online survey, and a higher-order structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to test the research model. The results showed that both consumer smartness and perceived intellectual capital positively influenced customer participation behavior and citizenship behavior intentions. Specifically, perceived intellectual capital had a greater impact on value co-creation behavior in the virtual world than consumer smartness. The findings provide empirical evidence that the fashion firms' intangible assets and consumers' competence in the digital shopping environment encourage their intentions to co-create value in virtual worlds.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2009

Intellectual capital is one of the most valuable assets of any enterprise. This empirical investigation examines the causal relationship between intellectual capital and the performance of architecture firms. More than 100 architecture firms across Taiwan have each been assessed for the levels of human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and business performance. The results suggest that the architecture firms exhibit higher levels of relational capital. However, the firms indicate relatively low levels of human capital. Additionally, the results from the correlation analysis suggest that all the four measures (human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and business performance) are highly correlated. The findings from the path analysis also indicate that human capital may influence the performance of architecture firms via structural capital and relational capital.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-47
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze intellectual property right status and brand origin of traditional liquor. The data were derived from the brand of 385 traditional liquor species in Korea. The major results of this study were as follows: 1) The management types of traditional liquor were classified into three categories, namely; individual 27(0.74)%, stock company 304(78%) and corporation or union 38(9.8%). 2) Among 385 traditional liquor species, 102(26%) got the trademark registrations and 129(34%) were in the process of trademark applications, while 154(40%) were unregistered brands. 3) The origin of 187(48.6%) brands used the material names such as fruits, rices, trees, roots and flowers, while 176(45.6%) brand used proper noun such as mountain, distinction, rivers etc.. 4) The designation certification status of traditional skill possessor according to national and local autonomous entity were; intangible cultural assets 42 people, master craftsman 28 persons, and provincial intellectual property 16 persons.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.147-175
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• 2023

The emergence of the metaverse, a complex three-dimensional virtual environment, has led to significant changes in the intellectual property (IP) landscape. This paper examines the challenges and legal intricacies of IP within the virtual realm, focusing on the unprecedented nature of these disputes and on the inadequacies of traditional jurisdiction methods. Drawing from international frameworks, including the International Law Association's Guidelines and WIPO's guides, the study critically explores arbitration as an alternate approach to metaverse IP disputes, analyzing its complexities and applicability. The paper further delves into challenges arising from diverse protection laws that pertain to the global nature of the metaverse, including the nuances of various digital assets like NFTs. By assessing jurisdictional difficulties, the paper addresses the adoption of decentralized justice platforms, and examines the role of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods, this paper presents a comprehensive view of the evolving virtual legal field. It suggests that while innovative methods are emerging, traditional arbitration will likely remain the preferred choice for complex disputes, offering a balance of speed, cost-effectiveness, and legal robustness within the virtual world.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

The international government committee is progressing their agreements about intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge(TK), gene resource(GR), folklore(FL) in WIPO. It is in the course of selection with precedence of TK, GR, FL in WIPO, focused on discussions about listing of TK documents, standardization of DB construction, sharing and profit distribution of GR. There are disagreements between developed countries and developing countries about intellectual property protection agreements of TK, GR. The developed countries insist on using the existing intellectual property protection, but the developing countries ask new ones on character of TK, GR. It causes intangible assets to be valuable trade properties in future world trade. This research Groped for a summary program about intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge(TK) etc. debating in WIPO. This program confirms that such as TK, GR etc. not only to be the cultural property accumulated in human history, but also to be the original resource may be using at present. Therefore, we suggest that the focus of discussion should transfer to UNESCO instead of WIPO which only deal with the intellectual property protection. Besides, the main body which protecting and supporting TK should become its holding organization so as to achieve more effective management about it. In order to protect and support TK, the government should have firstly the recognition that TK is the property belongs to the country. By this viewpoint, it needs to setup DB through overall excavation of the unofficial knowledges in order to protect and support these TK, GR. Because the positive dealing with those WIPO's discussion means to support our TK, GR, so there should have some reorganization about existing related ones, and also needs systemic supporting policies & management' system.