• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.1C
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• pp.78-85
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• 2007

With the advancement of the digital broadcasting and popularity of the Internet, recently, many studies are making on the digital watermarking for the copyright protection of digital data. This paper proposes the minimum modification method of motion vector to minimize the degradation of video quality, hiding subtitles of many language and information of OST(original sound track), character profiles, etc. as well as the copyright protection. Our proposed algorithm extracts feature vector by comparing motion vector data with watermark data, and minimize the modification of motion vectors by deciding the inversion of bit. Thus the degradation of video quality is minimized comparing to conventional algorithms. This algorithm also can check data integrity, and retrieve embedded hidden data simply and blindly. And our proposed scheme can be useful for conventional MPEG-1, -2 standards without any increment of bit rate in the compressed video domain. The experimental result shows that the proposed scheme obtains better video quality than other previous algorithms by about $0.5{\sim}1.5dB$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.4 no.3 s.11
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

In general, most of the GIS only deal with materials and geometric data which just include position, radius, length of the structure. Therefore it's hard to get corrosion data from it. But the one that an owner of metallic structures want to know is the integrity of the structure. Cathodic Protection System can not protect corrosion on the underground facilities perfectly but protect corrsion effectively. It therefore is necessary to monitor the facilities continually So, we need the development of GIS interconnected a corrosion prediction system on the view point of the efficiency of operation and the protection for a big accident. The results of the development of its system are described in this paper. It can do life prediction and interference analysis and also newest corrosion data should be updated regularly.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.759-770
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• 1985

This study was experimentally undertaken to evaluate the effect of hypothermic oxygenated cardioplegic solution on myocardial protection during prolonged aortic cross clamping under cardiopulmonary bypass. Dogs were divided into two groups control group [received hypothermic unoxygenated cardioplegic solution] and experimental group [received hypothermic oxygenated cardioplegic solution]. Coronary sinus effluent was obtained at once and 30, 60, 90 minutes after cross-clamping for the determination of pH, PCO2,PO2 and lactate level during the infusion of cardioplegic solution and myocardial biopsies were obtained after cessation of 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There was no significant differences in the pH and PCO2 between the oxygenated and unoxygenated cardioplegic solution but the PO2 of the oxygenated solution was 4 times greater than unoxygenated solution, and also the oxygenated solution had a significantly greater oxygen content [2.020.05 ml 02/min] and had much more oxygen delivery than unoxygenated solution. 2. The myocardial oxygen consumption and the myocardial oxygen extraction in oxygenated group were 1.63 ml 02/100 ml and 67.32% respectively, which was greater than those in unoxygenated group. 3. Regarding to pH and PCO2 of coronary sinus effluent, there was no significant differences between two groups in early period of infusion of cardioplegic solution, but the pH shifted to acidosis from 60 minutes, PCO2 increased from 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping, and PO2 markedly decreased from 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping in unoxygenated group. 4. The lactate concentration of coronary sinus effluent revealed relatively normal in both groups, but showed slight increase up to 27.54.56 mg/100 ml at 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping in unoxygenated group. 5. On electron microscopic study, the ultrastructural integrity of myocardial cells in oxygenated group was well preserved within 90 minutes. Slight swelling and deformity of mitochondria, interfibrillar widening, and disarrangement of myofibrils were observed at 90 minutes after aortic cross-clamping in unoxygenated group. From these results, the use of hypothermic oxygenated cardioplegic solution seemed to be effective and better method for the preservation of ischemic myocardium during the prolonged aortic cross-clamping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1173-1180
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• 1997

Hepatotoxicity of caffeine and acetaminophen was investigated in this study. Special attention was paid to the effect of vitamins on the reduction of hepatotoxicity caused by the chemicals. Rat hepaocytes isolated by two-step perfusion method were cultured in two differents methods-suspension, monolayer cultures-, and exposed to caffeine and/or acetaminophen for 24hrs. Caffeine or acetaminophen exhibited no significant hepatotoxicity in terms of intracellular glutathione(GSH) level and lipid peroxidation(MDA), but GSH level was significantly decreased after administrated acetaminophen, and the toxicity caused by the chemicals showed a dose-dependent manner. The synergistic effect of caffeine and acetaminophen was observed when both caffeine and acetaminophen were supplemented to culture medium. At the concentration 1mM, caffeine enhanced the intracellular GSH depletion and MDA formation by 63% and 64%, respectively, compared to single supplementation of 10mM acetaminophen in culture medium. This hepatotoxicity induced membrane integrity loss was observed by lightmicroscope on the simultaneous administration of caffeine and acetaminophen in monolayer cultured hepatocytes. Co-supplementation of vitamins with caffeine/acetaminophen to culture medium results in the protection of hepatocytes from hepatotoxic attach by caffeine/acetaminophen. Especially, vitamin E was superior to vitamin C and $\beta$-carotene from the standpoints of GSH depletion and MDA formation. From this results, it has been speculated that vitamin E may play a role of antioxidant scavenging radicals produced from acetaminophen. Taken all together, in vitro culture system like monolayer culture of hepatocytes may be a useful tool for the evaluation of hepatotoxicity or protection ability of food ingredients.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.154-159
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• 2018

Background: To prevent small leakage accidents, a real-time and direct detection system for small leaks with a detection limit below that of existing systems, e.g. $0.5gpm{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, is required. In this study, a small-size beta detector, which can be installed inside the reactor containment (CT) building and detect small leaks directly, was suggested and its feasibility was evaluated using MCNPX simulation. Materials and Methods: A target nuclide was selected through analysis of radiation from radionuclides in the reactor coolant system (RCS) and the spectrum was obtained via a silicon detector simulated in MCNPX. A window was designed to reduce the background signal caused by other nuclides. The sensitivity of the detector was also estimated, and its shielding designed for installation inside the reactor CT. Results and Discussion: The beta and gamma spectrum of the silicon detector showed a negligible gamma signal but it also contained an undesired peak at 0.22 MeV due to other nuclides, not the $^{16}N$ target nuclide. Window to remove the peak was derived as 0.4 mm for beryllium. The sensitivity of silicon beta detector with a beryllium window of 1.7 mm thickness was derived as $5.172{\times}10^{-6}{\mu}Ci{\cdot}cc^{-1}$. In addition, the specification of the shielding was evaluated through simulations, and the results showed that the integrity of the silicon detector can be maintained with lead shielding of 3 cm (<15 kg). This is a very small amount compared to the specifications of the lead shielding (600 kg) required for installation of $^{16}N$ gamma detector in inside reactor CT, it was determined that beta detector would have a distinct advantage in terms of miniaturization. Conclusion: The feasibility of the beta detector was evaluated for installation inside the reactor CT to detect small leaks below $0.5gpm{\cdot}hr^{-1}$. In future, the design will be optimized on specific data.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.981-997
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• 2020

Blockchain technology can provide a high level security based on a decentralized distributed ledger and consensus-based structure. In order to increase the utilization of blockchain technology, it is necessary to find a way to use it in fields that require personal data processing such as health care and e-commerce. To achieve this goal, the blockchain based system should be able to comply with data privacy regulations represented by European Union(EU)'s GDPR(General Data Protection Regulation). However, because of the properties of the blockchain like the immutability and decentralized recorded data, it is difficult to technically implement the requirements of the existing privacy regulations on the blockchain. In this paper, we propose a multi-chain based access control system that can guarantee the rights of the personal data subject required by GDPR by utilizing Chameleon Hash and Attribute Based Encryption (ABE). Finally, we will show through security analysis that our system can handle personal data while maintaining confidentiality and integrity.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2023

Background: Aptamers are currently being used in various fields including medical treatments due to their characteristics of selectively binding to specific molecules. Due to their special characteristics, the aptamers are expected to be used to remove radionuclides from a large amount of liquid radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The radiological effects on the aptamers should be evaluated to ensure their integrity for the application of a radionuclide removal technique. Materials and Methods: In this study, Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code version 6 (MCNP6) and Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) codes were employed to evaluate the radiological effects on the aptamers. MCNP6 was used to evaluate the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose in a medium. MCDS was used to calculate the DNA damage by using the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose. Binding experiments were conducted to indirectly verify the results derived by MCNP6 and MCDS calculations. Results and Discussion: Damage yields of about 5.00×10^-4 were calculated for 100 bp aptamer due to the radiation dose of 1 Gy. In experiments with radioactive materials, the results that the removal rate of the radioactive ⁶⁰Co by the aptamer is the same with the non-radioactive ⁵⁹Co prove the accuracy of the previous DNA damage calculation. Conclusion: The evaluation results suggest that only very small fraction of significant number of the aptamers will be damaged by the radioactive materials in the liquid radioactive waste.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2022

One of the most pressing and demanding issues today in the conditions of widespread transformation and digitalization of spheres of human activity is information security and ensuring the integrity of data. The main research and development in the field of information security is aimed at improving efficiency and rationalization. One of the main means of data transmission and operation of information complexes are fiber-optic systems. To date, there have been incidents of illegal intrusion and theft of information, passing through this type of communication. Thus, today there is a problem associated with insufficient information security in fiber-optic data transmission systems. One of the most effective tools to counter acts of illegal interference in systems are artificial intelligence and cryptographic algorithms of information protection. It is the symbiosis of these two tools that can qualitatively improve the level of information security in fiber-optic data transmission systems. Thus, the authors of this article pursue the goal associated with the description of an innovative system for protecting information from violations in fiber-optic data transmission systems based on the integration of intelligent cryptographic algorithms.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.10C no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2003

Currently security researchers focus on protection of program and data from malicious users and accidents. Therefore, many firewalls and intrusion detection systems have been developed commercially. The intrusion tolerance is a new concept that is the last line of defense for the information survivability. It emphasizes availability and integrity to provide critical system services continuously even when system is compromised. In this paper, we classify current intrusion tolerant technologies from the point of view of program and data. Furthermore, we propose an integrated framework that supports intrusion tolerance of program and data.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2012

Enzymatic oxidation of commercially available pyrogallol was efficiently transformed to an oxidative product, purpurogallin. Purpurogallin plays an important role in inhibiting glutathione S-transferase, xanthine oxidase, catechol O-methyltransferase activities and is effective in the cell protection of several cell types. However, the anti-inflammatory functions of purpurogallin are not well studied. Here, we determined the effects of purpurogallin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated proinflammatory responses. The results showed that purpurogallin inhibited LPS-mediated barrier hyper-permeability, monocyte adhesion and migration and such inhibitory effects were significantly correlated with the inhibitory functions of purpurogallin on LPS-mediated cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecules, intracellular cell adhesion molecule, E-selectin). Furthermore, LPS-mediated nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) releases from HUVECs were inhibited by purpurogallin. Given these results, purpurogallin showed its anti-inflammatory activities and could be a candidate as a therapeutic agent for various systemic inflammatory diseases.