• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.127-146
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• 2004

Recently, Information systems (IS) outsourcing has been becoming a viable strategic alternative in the management of information systems. Accordingly, the demand of research in practice has been changed from how to decide IS outsourcing to how to manage IS outsourcing. However, there is little known about the management of IS outsourcing in existing literature. Moreover, the existing studies suggest conflicting solutions in accordance with their own perspectives : competitive relationship vs. cooperative relationship. The purpose of this study is to address this conflicting result, and consequently to enhance an understanding of IS outsourcing management by introducing the concept of interorganizational control. To meet this purpose, this study adopts Lee(2003)'s integrative model of IS outsourcing management based on the existing literature from different management disciplines and different perspectives, and then conducts four case studies. The result reveals that users, as well as IS manager, play a critical role in controlling IS outsourcing. Moreover, they implement a portfolio of control modes including both informal and formal modes. The result also suggests that the choice of particular control mechanism depends on client, supplier, task, and relationship characteristics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1053-1058
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• 2010

Glycyrrhizae radix (GR) is an herbal medicine commonly used in East Asia for treating a variety of diseases, including stomach disorders. In this study, the antidepressant-like activity of GR was investigated using the forced swimming test (FST) in rats. After the FST, the expression of c-Fos and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) was assessed by immunochemistry of brain samples from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The results of the FST showed that a high dose (400 mg/kg) of extract was very effective in reducing immobility(P<0.01), and increased climbing. In addition, treatment with GR (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased the expression of c-Fos and CRF in the PVN, compared to controls. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that GR effectively reduced behavioral and physiological depression responses in an animal model of depression, suggesting that GR might be useful in the treatment of clinical depression.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

This study is aimed to find out which factors among firm-specific resources, industry-based competition, and institutional conditions affect strategies for Korean IT manufacturing companies when they expand their business overseas, especially to Vietnam in this study. Also, it attempts to reveal which strategies among cost reduction, mass production, and localization affect performance of overseas expansion. Based on Strategy Tripod Theory as an integrating point-of-view embracing resource-based view, industry-based view, and institution-based view, research model was developed and tested through the survey of 83 Korean IT manufacturing companies expanded their business to Vietnam. Research findings show that (1) communication competency, industry competitiveness, industry attractiveness, and regulation of partner country affect cost reduction strategy. (2) International experience, communication competency, international orientation, and competitiveness is significantly associated with mass production strategy. (3) And international experience, communication competency, and industry competitiveness affect localization. (4) Ultimately, mass production strategy and localization strategy significantly increase performance of expansion to Vietnam. The theoretical contribution of this study is to adopt an integrative approach based on strategy tripod theory. As practical implications, it suggests factors and strategies that IT manufacturing companies interested in expansion to Vietnam should consider. In sum, we believe this study can contribute to Korean IT manufacturing industry by suggesting key success factors and appropriate strategies for overseas expansion.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the teleost hypothalamus contains a central circadian pacemaker, which adjusts circadian rhythms within the body to environmental light-dark cycles. It has been shown that exposure to darkness during the day causes phase shifts in circadian rhythms. In this study, we examined the effect of exposure to darkness on the mRNA expression levels of two circadian clock genes, namely, $Period2$ ($Per2$) and $Cryptochrome1$ ($Cry1$), and the rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis, arylalkylamine $N$-acetyltransferase-2 (Aanat2), in the pineal gland of olive flounder, $Paralichthys$ $olivaceus$. The expression of these genes showed circadian variations and was significantly higher during the dark phase. These changes may be involved in the mechanism of dark-induced phase shifts. Furthermore, this study suggests that olive flounder may be a teleost model to investigate the localization and function of circadian oscillators.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 1989

The effect of dietary carnitine on ethanol-induced fattv liver and hvpertriglyceridemia was examined in an animal model. Consistent with literature, ethanol fed at 5g/Kg of b.w. to rats produced a significant increase in hepatic concentrations of total lipid, kislycerine, phospholi-pid, free cholesterol and esteriaed cholesterol as well as elevated plasma concentrations of triglvceride. It was when the ethanol diet was supplemented with D.L. camitine that there was a singini-cant reduction in the accumulation of lipids in the ethanol-compromised liver. Dietary cacti-tine was also effective in ameliorating ethanol-induced hypeuriglyceridemia. Total protein con-tents in the plasma was not varied among the groups. Ethanol의 대사과정에 관여하는 영향중에 특징적인 것으로 과유지방혈증(hyperlipidemia) 까 지방간(fatty liver)을 거쳐 간경변에 이르는 간에 관계하는 일련의 증상들을 들 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 만성적 ethanol의 지방대사 장해에 대한 D.L.-carnitine의 효과에 대해 고찰하였다. 실험용 횐쥐를 사용하여 실험군(ethanol group)에게 체중 kg당 5g의 ethanol(30% in saline)을 투여하여 알콜유발성 지방간과 과유지방혈증을 일으키고, 그 실험군 흰쥐들에게 carnitine(0.4 mg/g of body weight)을 첨가하여 그 효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 carnitine을 첨가하여 투여한 흰쥐들에서 ethanol처리군과 비교하여 볼 때 간과 혈장에서 지방축적이 현저히 감소하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 1992

한국산 노랑초파리 군에 속하는 8종의 유전적 유연관계를 밝히고자 생식적 격리 그리고 수용성 단백질을 전기영동법으로 분석하였다. 생리적 격리 실험에서 교배전격리 실험결과를 Watanane와 Kawanishi model에 근거하여 보면 D. aurario complex 3종 중 D. triauror물가 원시종이며 남 auraria는 팍생종으로 나타났다. 교배후 격리 실험에서 나. melonogaster와 D. simuions의 교배시, D. melonogoster를 수컷으로 하였을 때는 불임의 수컷만이, 또 D. melonogaster를 암컷으로 곯였을 때는 불임의 암컷만이 출현하였다. 그리고 남 ouraria complex 3종간의 교배에서는 수정 능력이 있는 수컷과 암컷이 출현하였는데, 이는 아직 남 auraria Complex가 semispecies단계에 있음을 나타내는 것이라 할 수 있다. SDS-PAGE로 분석한 노랑초파리 군 8종의 band pattern을 densitometer로 scanning한 결과 남 susu상가 가장 특이하였으며, TDE에 의한 유전적 거리(Aquadro and Avise's)는 남 auror지와 봉 triauror지사이가 0.155로 가장 낮았고, D. melonogaster와 고. mfa 사이가 0.422로 가장 높았다. 본 연구의 결과를 UPGMA법 뜨로 분석하면, 한국산 노랑초파리 군 8종은 4개의 아군으로 나뉘어지며 이들은 2개의 다른 큰무리로 구분되었는데, D. suzu가기 아군, D. lutescens의 아군, D. melanogoster와 봉 simulons의 아군이 속한 큰무리와, D. mfa,0. ouroria, D. biauroria 그리고 남 triourario가 속한 다른 큰무리로 나눌 수 있다.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Melasma is a common disorder that causes dark colored patches. It generally causes brown spots on the face, especially on the forehead, cheeks, and upper lips. The pattern of patches has bilateral symmetry in yellowish-brown to gray-brown colors. It is much more common in women than in men. Melasma is considered to be caused by environmental and physical constitutional factors and often occurs when a woman's hormone changes by pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptive pills. It is important to combine oriental medicine and Sasang constitutional medicine for treatment of Melasma. Normal treatment of Melasma includes warming oneself, removal of the emotional stress factors, and good nutrition.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 1993

TRH (Thvrotropin-Releasing Hormone) known to regulate the transcription of the TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormones gene in pituitary cells, but little is understood about the mechanism(sl involved. re present study was attempted to elucidate the role of Ca2+ movement through the voltage-gated channels in the regulation of TSH gene transcription. The c-fos is one of immediate early genes and used as model system for the investigation of signaling pathwavs involved in various stimuli. The changes of c-fos mRNA levels were determined after treatment of various agents using Northern and slot hybridization analysis. The c-fos mRNA was rapidly and transiently induced by TRH (about 3-fold) in GH3 cells and this induction was repressed by calcium chelating agent (EGTA), calcium channel blocker (verapamil) anti protein kinase C inhibitor (aminoacridine). The abilities of forskolin (adenvlate cvclase activators, PMA (protein kinase C activator), and A23187 (calcium ionophore) to affect c-ios gene transcription, either alone or in combination with TRH were tested in the same cells. All of them significantly increased the level of c-fos mRUA. However, no additive relationship was observed in all combined treatments except forskolin. These results suggest that TRH action on the c-fos gene activation is mediated by calcium influx as well as through protein kinase C.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2010

Population ecological characteristics of growth and mortality play an important role in understanding the population dynamics of marine mammals. The instantaneous coefficients of natural and bycatch mortality were estimated for minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in Korean waters using a population assessment model composed of bycatch and abundance data. The survivorship curve of this population was fitted to the data, and then the curve was revised using age-specific relative bycatchability coefficients ($q_t$). Instantaneous coefficients of natural and bycatch mortality of minke whales were estimated as 0.024/year and 0.076/year, respectively, and from this the survival rate was estimated as 0.905. This estimated survival rate was comparable to other cetaceans in other regions. The $q_t$ for this population ranged from 0.020 to 0.193. The revised survival rates were higher when the $q_t$ was taken into account. The mortality coefficient, survival rate, $q_t$ and survivorship curves had not previously been determined for minke whale in this area. This estimate could serve as fundamental information to assess the status of this population and for conservation and rational management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2415-2423
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• 2009

We consider organizational knowledge combination process. Previous literature investigated the issue from either managerial or social aspects, emphasizing on a part of the whole process and limiting to qualitative analyses. Here we propose an integrative and quantitative approach which considers knowledge combination process from engineering perspective. We employ a queueing network model and techniques to capture the process of interactions of entities in the knowledge combination environment. By doing so, we are able to understand the performance of the knowledge combination process. The performance measures derived can provide valuable implications for managerial decisions such as planning and controlling the knowledge combination process.