• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

Retroviruses have often been used for gene therapy because of their capacity for the long-term expression of transgenes via stable integration into the host genome. However, retroviral integration can also result in the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells, as demonstrated by the incidence of leukemia in a recent retroviral gene therapy trial in Europe. This unfortunate outcome has led to the rapid initiation of studies examining various biological and pathological aspects of retroviral integration. This review summarizes recent findings from these studies, including the global integration patterns of various types of retroviruses, viral and cellular determinants of integration, implications of integration for gene therapy and retrovirus-mediated infectious diseases, and strategies to shift integration to safe host genomic loci. A more comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of retroviral integration processes will eventually make it possible to generate safer retroviral vector platforms in the near future.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2006

Objective : This single-subject study explored the effect of short-term intensive sensory integration therapy program which was provided in a 2006 sensory integration treatment course on adaptive response of a four-year-girl with sensory modulation disorder(mixed pattern). Method : Based on results of the assessment to the child, her therapist offers an organized sensory integration program during four days. Results : Improvement of child's movement quality and variety in physical environment in therapy rooms and interaction with her therapist were observed. Conclusions : This report of the case will be helpful for occupational therapists who plan to intervent with a short-term intensive sensory integration therapy program. In addition, the need for consideration of consultation with the child's parents is discussed.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-31
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• 2008

Korean administrative jurisdiction has changed from separation to integration system, without definite raison d'etre from the effectiveness dimension. It partially comes from the fact that the top priority of most existing documents has given to the behavioral patterns of key variables during specific time periods. As an alternative approach, this study focuses on dynamic analysis on the long-term structural patterns related to urban-rural integration issues. Specifically, it pays attention to unique experiences between two neighboring administrative authorities, namely Cheongju and Cheongwon, all of which have repeated exceptional confrontations between pros and cons over almost two decades. From the theoretical perspectives, this observes structural similarities and differences between separation and integration approaches and compares individual feedback loops in order to examine urban-rural integration effectiveness. Structurally, if the integrated local authority adopts systematic management and balanced territorial development principles, it would gain the highest positive effect of urban-rural integration. After scenario buildings, it analyzes administrative integration dynamics between Cheongju and Cheongwon, highlighting geo-political conditions, key issues, and implementation plans between two administrative authorities. It expects that the integrated jurisdiction as a whole would increase the urban attractiveness as it can facilitate territorial development plans from macro-level. Furthermore, if the integrated authority keeps balanced territorial principles, which would be well reflected in the mutual agreement between two administrative units, it would also guarantee the increased urban attractiveness in the integrated jurisdiction. Nonetheless, compared to Cheongwon, which might be wider open to the location of NIMBY facilities, it would be more difficult for Cheongju to pay attention to territorial development confined to its original jurisdiction in the short run.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.165-194
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• 2008

The main purpose of this study is to examine the suicide pattern during major holidays which are considered to be in high social integration - New Year's Day, Lunar New Year's Day, Harvest Festival (Chuseok) and Christmas. To confirm suicide patterns, this study hypothesized firstly, the number of suicides would decrease before and on each holiday, and secondly, the number of suicides would increase after each holiday. In detail, this study postulated different patterns by marital status and age groups. Utilizing "Causes of Death Statistics" from 2000 to 2005, the number of suicides by marital status and age group on each day is calculated and categorized by holiday. There are four major findings. First, the decrease in the number of suicides during holiday periods is significant. Second, different suicide patterns by marital status are not found. Third, the difference in suicide patterns by age groups is significant. Specifically, there is a decrease in the number of suicides of the old during Lunar New Year's Day and Harvest Festival (Chuseok). On the other hand, there is no changes in the number of suicides of the young during the same periods. Fourth, a decrease in the number of suicides regardless of marital status and age is found at the end of a year. These results mean that increased social integration is functioned as a "suicide immune system." However, each generation has its own main factor that increases social integration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2010

WWW images locate in structural, networking documents, so the importance of a word can be indicated by its location, frequency. There are two patterns for multi-cues ingegration annotation. The multi-cues integration algorithm shows initial promise as an indicator of semantic keyphrases of the web images. The latent semantic automatic keyphrase extraction that causes the improvement with the usage of multi-cues is expected to be preferable.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 2022

Data missing in optical satellite images caused by natural variations have been a crucial barrier in observing the status of marine surfaces. Although there have been many attempts to fill the gaps of non-observation, there is little research to analyze the ratio of missing grids to overall sea grids and their seasonal patterns. This report introduces the method of quantifying the distribution of missing points and then shows how the missing points have spatial correlation and seasonal trends. Both temporal and spatial integration methods are compared to assess the effectiveness of reducing missing data. The temporal integration shows more outstanding performance than the spatial integration. Moran's I and K-function with statistical hypothesis testing show that missing grids are clustered and there is a non-random distribution from daily integration. The result of the seasonality test for Moran's I through a periodogram shows dependency on full-year, half-year, and quarter-year periods respectively. These analysis results can be used to deduce appropriate integration periods with permissible estimation errors.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2023

Objectives : To understand the theoretical principle of the pulse patterns listed in the 27 Pulses chapter in the Donguibogam, to further examine the relationship between the pattern and according disease of each pulse. Based on these findings, the fundamental meaning of Heo's theories and specific characteristics of the seven exterior pulses were understood. Methods : First, the 27 Pulses chapter of Heo Jun and Zhenmaimun chapter of Lichan were compared. Next, the Chandomaekgyeol and the Maijing were compared to determine bibliographical evidence of Heo's integration of pulse patterns. Based on the main references, the relationship between pattern and disease were studied, along with cases where the principles of the 27 pulses were applied in the Maekbeob chapter of the Donguibogam. Results & Conclusions : In the 27 Pulses chapter, Heo undertook the task of integrating the pulse patterns based on the differentiation of the excessive type and deficient type, along with the awareness of the issue of pulse pattern and disease matching. In specific, he organized and integrated the linguistic expressions of pulses in major pulse texts, directly intervening in places that he felt needed additional explanation. In conclusion, we found that the 27 pulses are systematic, rational, and unique in terms of pulse integration.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2005

When we conduct development of a large-size SI project, it is highly necessary to utilize an appropriate application framework which helps to build a qualified software with high productivity in a short period of time. In this paper, we propose the architecture of a dynamically reconfigurable CBD application integration framework that has been used for developing large-scale e-business applications to achieve high development productivity and maintainability. This Integration framework can easily extend its functionalities, and dynamically change its configuration during run time according to the business category, such as applying interaction patterns among main components in software architecture, rules, policies, and environmental parameters. Dynamic reconfiguration has the feature to make applications be easily customized for changeable requirements. Through our application integration framework, huge sizes of contents can be managed according to the business category as well, by keeping configuration informations and huge volumes of source codes. In order to evaluate out application integration framework in terms of performance criteria, we present experimental results of throughputs from the framework by yielding dynamic configuration without any performance degradation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the hydrodynamic model was conducted in order to revitalize the use of geographical information and to aid in the understanding of tidal circulation patterns. A 2D finite difference numerical model was used to simulate n tidal circulation in the Suyoung Bay in Busan, Korea. CIS, especially the ArcView S/W is used to input the data of the numerical model, and is also used for the visualization of model outputs on the ground in the loosely coupled method. In this paper, an electronic navigational chart (ENC), which provides more accurate information in the ocean and coastal areas than any other digital information, is used as a base map for this integration. With the help of GIS, the integration can support th understanding of oceanographic information.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.209-219
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• 2003

The evolutionary course of the CsRn1 long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposon was predicted by conducting a phylogenetic analysis with its paralog LTR sequences. Based on the clustering patterns in the phylogenetic tree, multiple CsRn1 copies could be grouped into four subsets, which were shown to have different integration times. Their differential sequence divergences and heterogeneous integration patterns strongly suggested that these subsets appeared sequentially in the genome of C. sinensis. Members of recently expanding subset showed the lowest level of divergence in their L TR and reverse transcriptase gene sequences. They were also shown to be highly polymorphic among individual genomes of the trematode. The CsRn1 element exhibited a preference for repetitive, agenic chromosomal regions in terms of selecting integration targets. Our results suggested that CsRn1 might induce a considerable degree of intergenomic variation and, thereby, have influenced the evolution of the C. sinensis genome.