• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2001

Recently, petroleum spray oil(PSO) has been used to control key pests in integrated pest management (IPM) of citrus and other orchards in Australia and USA. In order to clarify the influences of a newly developed PSO (D-C Tron $Plus^{(R)}$) on citrus leaves, 0.33% or 1.0% of PSO were sprayed to potted 4-year-old citrus trees under some kinds of condition, and then the changes of photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence(Fv/Fm) were determined. When sprayed with 1.0% PSO, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of citrus leaves were decreased by 20%, and then recovered in 20 days after treatment (DAT), while there were little influences by the spray of 0.33% PSO. The value of Fv/Fm decreased more under the $34/24^{\circ}C$ temperature condition than that of under the $30/20^{\circ}C$ and $28/16^{\circ}C$ condition. The high temperature ($50^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours)-treated trees sprayed with PSO 1.0% or PSO 1.0% plus dithianon 1/2000 dilution showed not only the increase of rate in dropped leaf but also the reduced photosynthesis and Fv/Fm compared with $30/20^{\circ}C$ temperature-treated ones. From the results of this study, the spray of 1.0% PSO can inhibit the physiological activities in citrus leaf, particularly under high temperature condition after spray or the mixing-spray with a fungicide (dithianon WP, 75%).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2023

Bemisia tabaci is one of polyphagous insect pests that transmits Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) and Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD). Insecticides are primarily applied to control B. tabaci, but it has limits due to the development of resistance. As a result, a fixed precision sampling plan was developed for its integrated pest management (IPM). The tomato plants were divided into top (more than 130cm from the ground), middle (70 cm to 100 cm above the ground), and bottom (50 cm or less above the ground) strata, before visual sampling of the larvae of B. tabaci. The spatial distribution analysis was conducted using Taylor's power law coefficients with pooled data of top, middle, bottom strata. Fixed precision sampling plan and control decision-making were developed with precision levels and action threshold recommended from published scientific papers. To assess the validation of the developed sampling plans, independent data not used in the analysis were evaluated using the Resampling Validation for Sampling Plan (RVSP) program.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.194-215
• /
• 2021

Termites are important decomposers in the ecosystem. They are also economically significant structural pests. In this study, we reviewed the developments of termite control and recent research on termite management to provide information on the prevention and control of termites. In Korea, most of the damage to wooden historical buildings is caused by subterranean termites. Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis is the main species, which is widely found throughout the country. In the early 1900s, inorganic insecticides, such as arsenic dust, were used for termite control. After the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide in the 1940s, it was widely utilized and demonstrated high termite control efficacy. However, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides were later banned, disappearing from markets after reports emerged concerning environmental contamination and toxicity to humans. Therefore, the termite control industry sought a new termiticide; hence many pesticides were utilized for termite control. Organophosphate (1960s), carbamate (1970s), pyrethroid, and insect growth inhibitor (1980s) were newly synthesized and adopted. In the 1990s, the first commercial baits using chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSI) were developed, providing a means to eliminate an entire colony of subterranean termites around a structure. Many studies have been carried out on soil termiticides (liquid termiticides) and CSI baits to increase their efficacy, and different baits such as aboveground bait stations, fluid bait, and high-durability bait were also developed in the 2000s. In addition, the paradigm of termite control has shifted from localized treatments using soil termiticides to area-wide pest management using CSI baits to create termite-free zones and protect buildings over time. Termite infestations in wooden historical buildings in Korea have been reported since 1980, and considerable attention was drawn in the 1990s when several UNESCO world heritages such as the Jongmyo Shrine and the Janggyeong Panjeon Depositories of Haeinsa Temple were infested by subterranean termites. Since then, a survey of termite infestation in wooden architectural heritage has been conducted, and the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Heritage Care Program regularly monitors those properties. Finally, we suggest termite management using primarily CSI baits, selective application of various soil treatments applied to the object, foundation soil treatment, research and development of durable termite baits, application of area-wide programs for wooden-building complexes, application of integrated termite management (ITM), and regular education for owners and managers to prevent and reduce termite damage.