• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.899-910
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Generally, since the population density is lower in suburban areas, the distance to school is inevitably long. Therefore, schools in suburban areas often operate school buses to improve student welfare. However, since school buses are usually used only during going to and from school, the utilization rates are relatively low. Therefore, this study aims to establish integrated operation plan of public school bus covering all schools. Methods: It is necessary to decide which school buses will serve the specific demand node which want to go to certain school in order to design an integrated operation plan for school buses. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed for minimizing the total number of vehicles and the distance of transportation by reflecting the characteristics of school buses and students as constraints. To solve the proposed mathematical model, CPLEX, a commercial solver, is applied. Results: To validate and to confirm the proposed process, numerical example is designed with the comparison between before and after integrated operations of school buses in terms of total operation cost. The result shows that the integrated operation can lead the reduction of the number of school buses as well as the decreasing of the fuel cost. Conclusion: This study provides the quantitative method to perform the integrated operation of school buses in suburban areas. The optimal operation strategy is required because there are more complex decision-making elements considering the integrated operation. It is expected to apply this research result at real situation to expand this services based on an optimal operation.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2002

The integrated school has an expectation of the total education environment in which has some problems as regional, emotional, teaching treatment, establishment equipment part because of the based relative establishments are abolished. The expectations are the educating effective rising, the reduce of the responsibility of the teacher, a smooth teacher placing and saving the educating estimate. As the new education course propulsion is raising the school and students discretion and expanding the way of educating, being close to the course of studies, the integrated operation is earnestly needed and such as these versatile background the small schools will keep on getting integrated. So, in this paper I'll object the need and purpose of the integrate operation and show the integrated schools that are now in use. Investigate about actual condition of the integrated school, so after these research I've concluded these things below about the integrated school operating.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2020

통합운영학교는 1998년 8개교를 운영함으로써 국내에 도입되어 현재 106개교로 점차 늘고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 지난 20년 동안 통합운영학교을 주제로 한 연구에서 각자 다양한 문제점들이 지적되었으나 오늘날에도 이러한 지적사항들이 반영되지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 통합운영학교의 개념, 배경, 최근현황, 유형 등을 전반적으로 정리한 후, 문헌조사를 통하여 통합운영학교의 문제점을 교육과정의 측면, 교원관리의 측면, 학생관리의 측면, 교육시설 운영 및 관리의 측면, 법률 및 정책의 측면에서 종합적으로 정리하여 제시하고, 그 개선방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 통해 통합운영학교의 우려되었던 점과 실제 연구를 통해 나타난 결과를 비교할 수 있었으며, 이에 대한 개선방안을 정리하였다.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.3-9
• /
• 2018

In recent years, schools in the urban areas are also showing their interest in the integrated school and considering adapting the actual operation method. That is why decline of the school-age population is not limited to rural areas any more, and decreasing number of students in urban schools is raised as a social issue to reconsider the continuation of schools. To solve the problems of the small-scale schools in the urban area, the integrated school is being considered as an alternative. Furthermore, the newly built schools in the urban development areas are also planned as the integrated school. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the cases of integrated schools in urban area of developed countries and to analyze their architectural planning considerations in practice.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.764-772
• /
• 2000

In this paper, an engine-CVT integrated control algorithm is suggested by considering the inertia torque and the CVT ratio change response lag in acceleration. In order to compensate for drive torque time delay due to CVT response lag, two algorithms are presented: (1) an optimal engine torque compensation algorithm, and (2) an optimal engine speed compensation algorithm. Simulation results show that the optimal engine speed compensation algorithm gives better engine operation around the optimal operation point compared to the optimal torque compensation while showing nearly the same acceleration response. The performance of the proposed engine-CVT integrated control algorithms are compared with those of conventional CVT control, and It is found that optimal engine operation can be achieved by using integrated control during acceleration, and improved fuel economy can be expected while also satisfying the driver's demands.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.590-599
• /
• 2010

Recently, efficient operation and practical management of power plants have become important issues in the nuclear industry. In particular, typical aging parameters such as stress and cumulative usage factor should be determined accurately for continued operation of a nuclear power plant beyond design life. However, most of the major components have been designed via conservative codes based on a 2-D concept, which do not take into account exact boundary conditions and asymmetric geometries. The present paper aims to suggest an effective fatigue evaluation methodology that uses a prototype of the integrated model and its transfer functions. The validity of the integrated 3-D Finite Element (FE) model was proven by comparing the analysis results of individual FE models. Also, mechanical and thermal transfer functions, known as Green's functions, were developed for the integrated model with the standard step input. Finally, the stresses estimated from the transfer functions were compared with those obtained from detailed 3-D FE analyses results at critical locations of the major components. The usefulness of the proposed fatigue evaluation methodology can be maximized by combining it with an on-line monitoring system, and this combination, will enhance the continued operations of old nuclear power plants.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2003

This study purpose is extract on the architectural principles and architectural planning direction for Integrated Secondary School. The integrated secondary school has an expectation of the total education environment in which has some problem as regional, teaching, treatment, establishment equipment part because of the based relative establishments are abolished. The expectations are the education effective rising, the reduce of the responsibility of the teacher, a smooth teacher placing and saving the educating estimate. As the new education course propulsion is raising the school and students discretion and expanding the way of educating, being close to the course of studies, the integrated operation is earnestly needed and such as these versatile background the small school will keep on getting integrated. Investigate about the senses of the manager and teachers, so after these reserch I've concluded these things below about the integrated secondary school.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

The automobile manufacture is a typical integrated assembly production that the numerous parts are committed sequentially to the assembly line. In this type of automobile manufacture, WBS (white body storage) and PBS (paint body storage) are operated to adjust the production sequence and to buffer. Starvation (impossibility of production owing to the insufficient supply) or blocking (impossibility of production owing to the over capacity) could occur in some chance, hence, both storages (WBS, PBS) are integrated as a prevention. This system is called integrated storage. In this paper, we suggest the simulation model of 'WBS-PBS integrated storage' and methodology of operation considering both 'Color grouping' and 'Option leveling.'

• 한국의사학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.45-63
• /
• 2021

This study considers the stages of curriculum development for the integrated curriculum of Pusan National University Graduate School & Hospital of Korean Medicine, and specifically the KAS2021 (announced in 2019), improvement measures for the curriculum of the College of Traditional Korean Medicine, and the case of the College of Medicine. The introduction of integrated curriculum in the College of Traditional Korean Medicine starts from the members (doers)' agreement. In the process of development, the organization that represents the members, the organization that sets up a goal and designs the curriculum, and the organization that executes them should fulfill their own roles. The stage of development and operation should have the support system for manpower, institution, administration, and finance. The curriculum (draft) should be concrete enough to be operated in reality. For the smooth operation of integrated education, it is necessary to secure more full-time teachers than before, and it is also necessary to have an organization fully in charge of monitoring and improving the operation. For the introduction and operation of integrated curriculum in Traditional Korean Medicine education, the members' agreement, institutional change, support system, and the cultivation of manpower for the operation/evaluation/development of curriculum should be considered.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.69-83
• /
• 2001

Based on year 2000 the 7th Educational curriculum is applied to students in elementary school 1~2 grade and it will be applied to middle school students in year 2001 and will be fully operated to the whole grade in 2003. In year 2004 it will be enforced to the whole grade in elementary middle high school. As like these changes of the educating surroundings it must emergence the uniform educations and system. It should be prepared for the age of worldwide, informational and diversity to educate in a new way. After all these changes of the educational courses will be effected to school institution and courses of elementary school and middle school to change. You can tell about the course of study in elementary school and middle school has already been in touch, by the 7th educational curriculum. The educating courses are all organized with elementary school to high school by time dividing. Like this diversified background, it is true that the study of the efficient operation of Integrated elementary school and middle school operations and a small group of schools that are just to be assimilated or also to be abolish, was not enough. So, in this course of study by looking through the policy the Integrated schools will be increasing and the 7th educational curriculum to contact by this result the educational facilities are required and for that the purpose is to design a architecture for the Integrated elementary school and middle school operation.